El. knyga: Conditioned Taste Aversion: Memory of a Special Kind

List of abbreviations xiii 1 Ethology, physiological psychology, and neurobiology of CTA 1(13) J. Bures 1.1 Comparative and evolutionary aspects 3(3) 1.2 Long CS-US delay 6(4) 1.3 Neurobiological mechanisms 10(4) 2 The CTA paradigm: terminology, methods, and conventions 14(14) J. Bures 2.1 Methods 14(8) 2.1.1 Single bottle techniques 14(1) 2.1.2 Multiple bottle procedures 15(2) 2.1.3 Taste reactivity testing 17(2) 2.1.4 Licking behaviour 19(2) 2.1.5 CTA acquired without ingestion 21(1) 2.2 CTA-related phenomena 22(6) 2.2.1 Conditioned taste preferences 22(1) 2.2.2 Changing food classification 23(1) 2.2.3 CTA extinction 23(1) 2.2.4 Attenuation of neophobia 24(1) 2.2.5 Sensitization 24(1) 2.2.6 Conditioned inhibition and higher-order conditioning 24(1) 2.2.7 Latent inhibition 24(1) 2.2.8 Overshadowing 25(1) 2.2.9 Blocking 25(3) 3 Neuroanatomy of CTA: lesions studies 28(19) F. Bermudez-Rattoni T. Yamamoto 3.1 Area postrema 28(1) 3.2 Nucleus tractus solitarius 29(1) 3.3 Pontine parabrachial nucleus 29(3) 3.4 Thalamus 32(1) 3.5 Hypothalamus 33(1) 3.6 Globus pallidus 34(1) 3.7 Amygdala 34(5) 3.7.1 The role of the amygdala in CTA 35(2) 3.7.2 Amygdala and taste-potentiated odour aversions 37(2) 3.8 Hippocampus 39(1) 3.9 Entorhinal cortex 40(1) 3.10 Prefrontal cortex 41(1) 3.11 Insular cortex 41(6) 3.11.1 Insular cortex and taste-potentiated odour aversions 44(3) 4 Functional ablation studies of CTA 47(13) J. Bures 4.1 Gross inactivation procedures 47(2) 4.2 Local inactivation procedures 49(7) 4.2.1 Functional decortication by spreading depression 50(1) 4.2.2 Pharmacological blockade of the insular cortex 51(2) 4.2.3 Pharmacological blockade of extracortical centres 53(3) 4.3 Lateralization of the CTA circuits 56(4) 5 Pharmacology of CTA 60(16) F. Bermudez-Rattoni 5.1 The emetic effects of drugs 60(3) 5.2 Toxicity effects in the formation of CTA 63(1) 5.3 Paradoxical effects of drug reinforcers 64(1) 5.4 Endogenous peptides in the formation of CTA 65(2) 5.5 Stress-related peptides in the formation of CTA 67(2) 5.6 The CS-US delay 69(1) 5.7 Taste interaction with other stimuli 69(1) 5.8 The CS-US-FB model 70(1) 5.9 Neuropharmacology of flavour aversions 71(5) 6 Electrophysiology of CTA 76(16) T. Yamamoto 6.1 Taste qualities 76(3) 6.2 Central gustatory pathway 79(1) 6.3 Processing of taste information 80(2) 6.4 General visceral information 82(2) 6.5 Alteration of taste responsiveness after CTA 84(8) 6.5.1 NTS 85(1) 6.5.2 PBN 86(2) 6.5.3 Insular cortex 88(1) 6.5.4 Amygdala 88(3) 6.5.5 Hypothalamus 91(1) 7 Functional morphology of CTA 92(16) T. Yamamoto 7.1 c-fos expression after LiCI injection 92(4) 7.2 c-fos expression after taste stimulation 96(1) 7.3 c-fos expression in the PBN after CTA 96(3) 7.4 CS-US association in the PBN 99(3) 7.5 c-fos expression in the NTS after CTA 102(2) 7.6 Other methods 104(1) 7.7 Intracellular events 105(3) 8 Transplantation studies 108(13) F. Bermudez-Rattoni 8.1 Restoration of function by fetal brain grafts 108(4) 8.2 Cholinergic mechanisms in functional recovery 112(2) 8.3 The role of nerve growth factor in recovery 114(2) 8.4 Recovery of learning capabilities 116(1) 8.5 Fetal brain grafts and locus of CTA engram 117(4) 9 Paradoxes, projections, and perspectives of CTA research 121(12) F. Bermudez-Rattoni J. Bures T. Yamamoto 9.1 CTA and consciousness 121(1) 9.2 Limited role of proteosynthesis 122(2) 9.3 CTA produced by rewarding drugs 124(2) 9.4 Molecular and cellular nature of CTA plasticity 126(2) 9.5 Electrical substitutes for natural CS and US 128(1) 9.6 Conditioned immunity 129(4) References 133(40) Index 173