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Conservation of Leather and Related Materials [Kietas viršelis]

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Edited by Marion Kite, Edited by Roy Thomson

Formatas: Hardback, 364 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x189 mm, weight: 960 g
Serija: Routledge Series in Conservation and Museology
Išleidimo metai: 21-Nov-2005
Leidėjas: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd
ISBN-10: 0750648813
ISBN-13: 9780750648813

Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

Museology & heritage studies

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Formatas: Hardback, 364 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x189 mm, weight: 960 g
Serija: Routledge Series in Conservation and Museology
Išleidimo metai: 21-Nov-2005
Leidėjas: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd
ISBN-10: 0750648813
ISBN-13: 9780750648813

Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

Museology & heritage studies

Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780750648813.html

Raktažodžiai:

The conservation of skin, leather and related materials is an area that, until now, has had little representation by the written word in book form. Marion Kite and Roy Thomson, of the Leather Conservation Centre, have prepared a text which is both authoritative and comprehensive, including contributions from the leading specialists in their fields, such as Betty Haines, Mary Lou Florian, Ester Cameron and Jim Spriggs.

The book covers all aspects of Skin and Leather preservation, from Cuir Bouillie to Bookbindings. There is significant discussion of the technical and chemical elements necessary in conservation, meaning that professional conservators will find the book a vital part of their collection.

As part of the Butterworth-Heinemann Black series, the book carries the stamp of approval of the leading figures in the world of Conservation and Museology, and as such it is the only publication available on the topic carrying this immediate mark of authority.

* First book to cover the subject comprehensively
* Wide coverage, including Fish and Reptiles, Taxidermy and Furs, making it invaluable for conservator, curator and collector alike
* Technical aspects of conservation discussed in full

Foreword

Dedications

xiii

Acknowledgements

Contributors

xvii

The nature and properties of leather

(3)

Roy Thomson

References

(1)

Collagen: the leathermaking protein

(7)

B.M. Haines

The collagen molecule

(2)

Bonding within the molecule

(1)

Bonding between molecules

(2)

Salt links

(1)

Covalent intermolecular bonding

(1)

Fibril structure

(1)

Shrinkage temperature

(2)

References

(1)

The fibre structure of leather

(11)

B.M. Haines

The structure of mammalian skins

(1)

Variation of structure between animal types

(5)

Mature cattle skins

(2)

Calfskins

(1)

Goatskins

(1)

Sheepskins

(1)

Deerskins

(1)

Pigskins

(2)

Grain surface patterns

(1)

Suede surfaces

(1)

Variation in structure with location in the skin

(2)

Directional run of the fibres

(1)

The influence of fibre structure on leather properties, structure and tear strength

(1)

Structure and leather handle

(1)

Fibre weave and movement

(2)

References

(1)

The chemistry of tanning materials

(14)

A.D. Covington

Introduction

(1)

Vegetable tanning

(4)

Mineral tanning

(3)

Chromium(III) salts

(2)

Aluminium(III) salts

(1)

Titanium(IV) salts

(1)

Zirconium(IV) salts

(1)

Oil tanning

(1)

Aldehyde tanning

(1)

Formaldehyde tanning

(1)

Glutaraldehyde tanning

(1)

Oxazolidine tanning

(1)

Syntans

(2)

Auxiliary syntans

(1)

Combination or retanning syntans

(1)

Replacement syntans

(1)

Overview

(2)

References

(2)

The mechanisms of deterioration in leather

(22)

Mary-Lou E. Florian

Introduction

(1)

Agents of deterioration

(6)

Introduction

(1)

Acid hydrolysis

(1)

Oxidation

(2)

Metals and salts

(1)

Heat

(1)

Water

(2)

Collagen

(4)

Bonds in collagen: sites of deterioration mechanisms

(1)

Peptides

(1)

Amino acids in collagen

(3)

Vegetable tannins

(3)

Introduction

(1)

Antioxidant ability of tannins

(1)

Analysis of tannins in aged leather -- deterioration mechanisms

(3)

Other chemicals present due to fabrication and use

(2)

Introduction

(1)

Fats, oils and waxes

(1)

Sulphur compounds and their acids

(1)

Acids in leather due to fabrication or use

(1)

Perspiration

(1)

Denaturation and shrinkage temperatures as a method of assessment for all tannages

(1)

Summary

(5)

Acknowledgements

(1)

References

(4)

Testing leathers and related materials

(8)

Roy Thomson

Introduction

(1)

Determination of raw material

(1)

Determination of tannage type

(1)

Ashing test

(1)

Spot test

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Determination of degree of deterioration

(5)

Organoleptic examination

(1)

Chemical tests

(4)

Conclusions

(2)

References

(2)

The manufacture of leather

(16)

Roy Thomson

Tanning in prehistoric and classical times

(2)

Tanning in the medieval and post-medieval periods

(5)

Tanning in nineteenth century

(4)

Tanning in modern times

(5)

Pretanning

(3)

Tanning

(1)

Post-tanning

(1)

References

(1)

The social position of leatherworkers

(6)

Robert D. Higham

References

(1)

Gilt leather

(6)

Roy Thomson

Production and art historical aspects

(1)

Conservation and restoration

(3)

Cuir bouilli

(9)

Laura Davies

The cuir bouilli technique

(1)

Leather moulding techniques

(1)

The origins of the cuir bouilli technique

(3)

Changes undergone by the leather in the cuir bouilli process

(1)

Conservation of cuir bouilli

(1)

Stability

(1)

Damage caused by old treatments

(1)

Original treatments of cuir bouilli leather

(1)

Case study of the conservation of cuir bouilli leather

(5)

Analysis and use of non-invasive xeroradiographic imaging

(1)

Removal of inappropriate surface coatings

(2)

Endnotes

101

(1)

References

101

(2)

The tools and techniques of leatherworking: correct tools + skills = quality

103

(10)

Caroline Darke

Leatherworking tools

103

(5)

The awl

103

(1)

The knife

103

(1)

The strop

104

(1)

The bone folder or crease

104

(1)

The steel rule

104

(1)

The dividers (compass)

104

(1)

The revolving hole punch

105

(1)

The hammer

105

(1)

The race

105

(1)

The clam

105

(1)

The edge shave

105

(1)

The crease iron

106

(1)

The stitch marker

106

(1)

The pricking iron

107

(1)

The needle

107

(1)

Thread

108

(1)

Adhesives

108

(1)

Reinforcements

108

(1)

Techniques

109

(4)

Skiving

109

(1)

Preparation

109

(1)

Sewing -- stitch formation

109

(1)

Decorative stitching

110

(1)

Machine stitching

110

(1)

Decorative machine stitching

110

(1)

Seams and construction

111

(1)

Bibliography

112

(1)

General principles of care, storage and display

113

(8)

Aline Angus

Marion Kite

Theodore Sturge

Introduction

113

(1)

Objects in use

113

(1)

Display or storage

114

(1)

Levels of treatment

114

(1)

Handling by the public

114

(1)

The `finish'

115

(1)

Preventive conservation

115

(2)

Environment

115

(1)

Pests

116

(1)

Storage and display

116

(1)

Shoes

117

(1)

Gloves

117

(1)

Leather garments

117

(1)

Luggage

117

(1)

Saddles

117

(1)

Harness

118

(1)

Screens, wall hangings and sedan chairs

119

(1)

Carriages and cars

120

(1)

Conclusion

120

(1)

Reference

120

(1)

Materials and techniques: past and present

121

(9)

Marion Kite

Roy Thomson

Aline Angus

Past conservation treatments

121

(3)

Introduction

121

(1)

1982 Jamieson survey

121

(1)

1995 survey

122

(1)

2000 list

123

(1)

2003 Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) survey

124

(1)

Notes on treatments in use in 2004 -- additional information

124

(2)

Introduction

124

(1)

Dry cleaning

124

(1)

Wet cleaning and solvent cleaning

125

(1)

Proprietary leather cleaners

125

(1)

Humidification

125

(1)

Repair materials

126

(1)

Adhesives

126

(1)

Surface infilling materials and replacement techniques

127

(1)

Moulding and casting materials and techniques

128

(1)

Consolidation techniques

128

(1)

Dressings and finishes

128

(2)

References

129

(1)

Taxidermy

130

(11)

J.A. Dickinson

A brief history

130

(1)

Taxidermy terms

131

(1)

Birds

131

(1)

Methods

131

(1)

Problems

132

(1)

Mammals

132

(3)

Methods

132

(2)

Problems

134

(1)

Fish

135

(2)

Methods

135

(1)

Problems

136

(1)

Care

137

(3)

Light

137

(1)

Temperature

137

(1)

Relative humidity

137

(1)

Storage

137

(3)

Preservatives

140

(1)

References

140

(1)

Furs and furriery: history, techniques and conservation

141

(29)

Marion Kite

History of fur use

141

(7)

Introduction

141

(1)

Background and history

142

(3)

Husbandry and harvesting

145

(1)

Some fashionable furs and dates

146

(2)

Structure, morphology, dressing and making

148

(10)

Definitions and terminology

148

(1)

Brief history of fur-skin processing and dyeing

148

(1)

Hair and fur fibres

149

(1)

Keratin

149

(1)

Morphology of hair

150

(1)

Fur-skin dressing

151

(2)

Dyeing

153

(1)

Finishing

154

(1)

Pointing

154

(1)

Making up into garments or accessories

154

(3)

Plates and crosses

157

(1)

Conservation and care

158

(12)

Introduction

158

(1)

Species identification

158

(1)

Damage

159

(1)

Conservation methods

159

(2)

Two case histories illustrating methods

161

(4)

Freezing tests of adhesives

165

(1)

Care of furs

166

(1)

Endnotes

167

(1)

References

168

(2)

The tanning, dressing and conservation of exotic, aquatic and feathered skins

170

(14)

Rudi Graemer

Marion Kite

Exotic skins

170

(3)

Introduction

170

(1)

Origins and history of exotic leathers

170

(1)

Uses of exotic leathers

170

(1)

Preparing the raw skins

171

(1)

Tanning and dressing

171

(1)

Conservation

172

(1)

Conclusion

172

(1)

Aquatic skins

173

(5)

Fish skin preparation

174

(1)

Structure and identification

174

(1)

Fish skin in ethnographic objects

175

(3)

Conservation

178

(1)

Feathered skins and fashionable dress

178

(6)

Processing

178

(3)

Conservation problems with bird skins

181

(1)

Endnotes

182

(1)

References

182

(2)

Ethnographic leather and skin products

184

(8)

Sherry Doyal

Marion Kite

Introduction

184

(1)

Ethics

184

(1)

Uses

184

(1)

Tanning methods

185

(1)

Construction techniques

185

(1)

Decoration

185

(1)

Conservation

186

(6)

Pre-treatment examination

186

(1)

Poisons -- health and safety issues

186

(1)

Condition

187

(1)

Cleaning

187

(1)

Solvent cleaning

188

(1)

Reshaping

188

(1)

Mounts/internal supports

188

(1)

Mending

189

(1)

Repair supports

189

(1)

Sewing

189

(1)

Adhesives

189

(1)

Cosmetic repairs and infills

190

(1)

Storage

190

(1)

Display

190

(1)

References

190

(1)

Bibliography

191

(1)

Collagen products: glues, gelatine, gut membrane and sausage casings

192

(6)

Marion Kite

Animal glues and fish glues

192

(1)

Skin glues and hide glues

192

(1)

Parchment glue and parchment size

193

(1)

Rabbit skin glue

193

(1)

Bone glue

193

(1)

Gelatine

193

(1)

Fish glue

194

(1)

Gut membrane

194

(1)

Sausage casings

195

(3)

References

197

(1)

The manufacture of parchment

198

(2)

B.M. Haines

Temporary preservation

198

(1)

Soaking

198

(1)

Liming

198

(1)

Unhairing and fleshing

198

(1)

Drying

198

(2)

Bibliography

199

(1)

The conservation of parchment

200

(25)

Christopher S. Woods

Introduction

200

(1)

Parchment production and use

200

(3)

Chemical, physical and deterioration characteristics

203

(6)

Display and storage

209

(1)

Conservation treatments

209

(11)

Mould and fumigation

210

(1)

Cleaning methods

210

(1)

Humidification and softening

211

(4)

Consolidation of weak parchment

215

(1)

Consolidation of inks and pigments

216

(1)

Repairs and supports

217

(3)

Conclusion

220

(5)

Acknowledgements

220

(1)

Endnotes

220

(1)

References

221

(4)

Conservation of leather bookbindings: a mosaic of contemporary techniques

225

(19)

Introduction

225

(1)

Randy Silverman

Binding solutions to old problems

225

(5)

Anthony Cains

Introduction

225

(1)

Klucel G

226

(1)

Application of Klucel G

227

(1)

Facing degraded leather

227

(1)

Technique

227

(1)

Treatment of the boards

228

(1)

Adhesives

228

(1)

Offsetting

228

(1)

Board attachment

228

(1)

Helical oversewing

228

(1)

The joint tacket

229

(1)

Drills

229

(1)

Making the needle drill bit

229

(1)

Leather Conservation -- bookbinding leather consolidants

230

(2)

Glen Ruzicka

Paula Zyats

Sarah Reidell

Olivia Primanis

Introduction

230

(1)

Environment Leather Project

230

(1)

Consolidants

230

(2)

Solvent-set book repair tissue

232

(2)

Alan Puglia

Priscilla Anderson

Preparation of the repair tissue

233

(1)

Leather consolidation

233

(1)

Repair technique

233

(1)

Reversing solvent-set tissue repairs

233

(1)

Conclusion

233

(1)

Split joints on leather bindings

234

(1)

Don Etherington

A variation on the Japanese paper hinge -- adding a cloth inner hinge

235

(1)

Bill Minter

Split-hinge board reattachment

235

(1)

David Brock

Board slotting -- a machine -- supported book conservation method

236

(5)

Friederike Zimmern

Introduction

236

(1)

The method

237

(1)

Treatment of the text block

237

(1)

Treatment of boards

237

(1)

Reattachment of text block and boards

237

(1)

The board slotting machine

238

(1)

Scientific analyses

238

(1)

Dyeing with reactive dyes

239

(2)

Conclusions

241

(1)

Acknowledgements

241

(1)

A variation on the board slotting machine

241

(3)

Bill Minter

References

242

(2)

The conservation of archaeological leather

244

(20)

E. Cameron

J. Spriggs

B. Wills

Introduction

244

(1)

The archaeological context

244

(1)

Leather technology and material culture

244

(1)

Wet leather

245

(6)

Condition

245

(1)

Preserving wet leather before treatment

246

(1)

Past treatments

247

(1)

Present-day conservation treatments

248

(3)

Dry leather

251

(6)

Condition

251

(2)

On-site retrieval

253

(1)

Recording procedures

254

(2)

Present-day treatments

256

(1)

Mineralized leather

257

(3)

Condition

257

(2)

On-site retrieval

259

(1)

Recording

259

(1)

Treatment

259

(1)

Long-term storage of archaeological leather

260

(1)

Storage requirements

260

(1)

Condition assessments of treated leather

260

(1)

Old collections/retreatments

260

(1)

Purpose of treatment: a call for clarity

260

(1)

Conclusion

261

(3)

References

261

(3)

Case histories of treatments

264

(71)

The Gold State Coach. 1762

265

(3)

Description

265

(1)

The problems and the options

265

(1)

Treatment

265

(3)

Dog Whip -- believed to be eighteenth century

268

(3)

Description

268

(1)

Treatment

268

(3)

Fire Bucket

271

(3)

Description

271

(1)

Treatment

271

(3)

Fireman's Helmet

274

(2)

Description

274

(1)

Treatment

274

(2)

Leather Lion

276

(3)

Description

276

(2)

Treatment

278

(1)

Sedan Chair

279

(6)

Description

279

(1)

Repairs

279

(4)

Cleaning

283

(1)

Gap filling and finishing

284

(1)

Jewellery Box

285

(2)

Description

285

(1)

Treatment

285

(2)

Dining Chairs

287

(6)

Description

287

(1)

The set of eight chairs for reupholstering

287

(1)

The set of eight chairs repaired without removing the covers

287

(2)

The four chairs where the covers were removed and conserved

289

(1)

Overview

290

(3)

Alum Tawed Gloves, having belonged to Oliver Cromwell

293

(3)

Description

293

(1)

Condition

293

(1)

Treatment

293

(1)

Future care

294

(2)

Court Gloves

296

(1)

Description

296

(1)

Treatment

296

(1)

Mounting of a Collection of Flying Helmets

297

(5)

Description

297

(1)

Mount instructions

297

(5)

Leather Components from Panhard et Levassor Automobile. 1899

302

(5)

Description

302

(1)

Condition

303

(1)

Treatment

304

(2)

Future care

306

(1)

Altar Frontal. 1756

307

(6)

Description

307

(1)

Treatment

307

(6)

Gilt Leather Screen

313

(2)

Description

313

(1)

Treatment

313

(2)

Gilt Leather Wall Hangings, Levens Hall

315

(10)

Description

315

(1)

Treatment

316

(9)

Phillip Webb Settle. 1860--65

325

(4)

Description

325

(1)

Treatment

325

(4)

Gilt Leather Wall Hangings at Groote Schuur, Cape Town

329

(6)

Description

329

(1)

Condition

329

(2)

Conservation treatment

331

(2)

Future care

333

(2)

Index

335

Marion Kite, Roy Thompson

Conservation of Leather and Related Materials [Kietas viršelis]

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