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A groundbreaking book on the application of the economic and environmentally effective treatment of industrial wastewater 

Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment contains a review of the state-of-the-art applications of constructed wetland technology for industrial wastewater treatment. This green technology offers many economic, environmental, and societal advantages. The text examines the many unique uses and the effectiveness of constructed wetlands for the treatment of complex and heavily polluted wastewater from various industrial sources.

The editor — a noted expert in the field — and the international author team (93 authors from 22 countries) present vivid examples of the current state of constructed wetlands in the industrial sector. The text is filled with international case studies and research outcomes and covers a wide range of applications of these sustainable systems including facilities such as the oil and gas industry, agro-industries, paper mills, pharmaceutical industry, textile industry, winery, brewery, sludge treatment and much more. The book reviews the many system setups, examines the different removal and/or transformational processes of the various pollutants and explores the overall effectiveness of this burgeoning technology. This important resource:

  • Offers the first, groundbreaking text on constructed wetlands use for industrial wastewater treatment
  • Provides a single reference with summarized information and the state-of-the-art knowledge of the use of Constructed Wetlands in the industrial sector through case studies, research outcomes and review chapters
  • Covers a range of industrial applications such as hydrocarbons/oil and gas industry, food and beverage, wood and leather processing, agro-industries, pharmaceuticals and many others
  • Includes best practices drawn by a collection of international case studies
  • Presents the latest technological developments in the industry
Written for civil and environmental engineers, sustainable wastewater/water managers in industry and government, Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment is the first book to offer a comprehensive review of the set-up and effectiveness of constructed wetlands for a wide range of industrial applications to highlight the diverse economic and environmental benefits this technology brings to the industry.
Series Foreword - Challenges in Water Management xvii
List of Contributors xix
Preface xxvii
Acknowledgements xxix
Introduction to Constructed Wetland Technology 1(22)
Alexandros I. Stefanakis
1 From Natural to Constructed Wetlands
1(2)
2 The Need for Sustainable Solutions
3(1)
3 Constructed Wetlands or Conventional Systems - Pros and Cons
3(3)
4 Classification of Constructed Wetlands
6(5)
4.1 Free Water Surface Constructed Wetlands (FWS CWs)
7(1)
4.2 Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands (HSF CWs)
7(1)
4.3 Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (VFCWs)
8(1)
4.4 Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs)
9(1)
4.5 Sludge Treatment Wetlands (STWs)
10(1)
4.6 Aerated Constructed Wetlands
11(1)
5 Design Considerations of Constructed Wetlands
11(3)
6 Constructed Wetlands as a Sustainable Solution for the Industrial Sector
14(2)
7 Scope of this Book
16(1)
References
17(6)
Part I Petrochemical and Chemical Industry 23(42)
1 Integrated Produced Water Management in a Desert Oilfield Using Wetland Technology and Innovative Reuse Practices
25(18)
Alexandros I. Stefanakis
Stephane Prigent
Roman Breuer
1.1 Introduction
25(2)
1.2 Constructed Wetland for Produced Water Treatment
27(5)
1.2.1 Location and Description
27(1)
1.2.2 Weather Station
28(2)
1.2.3 Chemical Analyses
30(2)
1.3 Results and Discussion
32(4)
1.3.1 Weather Data
32(1)
1.3.2 Water Quality
32(3)
1.3.3 Environmental Performance
35(1)
1.4 Treated Effluent Reuse for Saline Irrigation
36(3)
1.5 Conclusions
39(1)
References
39(4)
2 Constructed Wetlands Treating Water Contaminated with Organic Hydrocarbons
43(22)
Martin Thullner
Alexandros I. Stefanakis
Saeed Dehestani
2.1 Introduction
43(5)
2.1.1 Benzene Removal in Constructed Wetlands
44(4)
2.2 MTBE Removal in Constructed Wetlands
48(3)
2.3 Phenol Removal in Constructed Wetlands
51(3)
2.4 Combined Treatment of Different Compounds
54(2)
References
56(9)
Part II Food and Beverage Industry 65(98)
3 Aerated Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Municipal and Food Industry Wastewater
67(28)
A. Pascual
D. De la Varga
M. Soto
D. Van Oirschot
R.M. Kilian
J.A. Alvarez
P. Carvalho
H. Brix
C.A. Arias
3.1 Introduction
67(1)
3.2 Aerated Constructed Wetlands
68(4)
3.2.1 Oxygen Transfer at the Water-Biofilm Interface
69(1)
3.2.2 Benefits of Artificial Aeration in Constructed Wetlands
70(1)
3.2.3 Dissolved Oxygen Profile along CWs
71(1)
3.2.4 TSS Removal
71(1)
3.2.5 COD Removal
71(1)
3.2.6 Nitrogen Removal
72(1)
3.3 HIGHWET Project
72(15)
3.3.1 KT Food Pilot Plant
73(1)
3.3.2 Research Operational Plan of KT Food Treatment Plant
73(1)
3.3.2.1 Campaign 1
77(1)
3.3.2.2 Campaign 2
78(1)
3.3.2.3 Campaign 3
80(1)
3.3.2.4 Campaign 4
82(1)
3.3.2.5 Campaign 5
84(1)
3.3.3 Comparison of Results
85(2)
3.4 Conclusions
87(1)
Acknowledgements
88(1)
References
88(7)
4 Treatment of Wineries and Breweries Effluents using Constructed Wetlands
95(10)
F. Masi
A. Rizzo
R. Bresciani
4.1 Introduction
95(1)
4.2 Wastewater Production and Characterization
96(1)
4.2.1 Wineries
96(1)
4.2.2 Breweries
96(1)
4.3 Applications and Configurations
97(4)
4.3.1 Wineries
97(1)
4.3.1.1 Multistage CW with Nature-Based Composting as Pretreatment for Wastewater: An Italian Case Study
98(1)
4.3.1.2 Multistage CW with Technological Composting as Pretreatment for Wastewater: A Spanish Case Study
99(1)
4.3.1.3 Multistage CW with Technological Aerobic Reactor and Subsequent Composting on CW: A French Case Study
100(1)
4.3.2 Breweries
101(1)
4.4 Discussion and Conclusions
101(2)
4.4.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Multistage CW Treatment Plants
101(2)
4.4.2 Future Perspectives of CW for Brewery Wastewater Treatment
103(1)
References
103(2)
5 Treatment of Effluents from Fish and Shrimp Aquaculture in Constructed Wetlands
105(22)
Yalcin Tepe
Fulya Aydin Temel
5.1 Introduction
105(2)
5.1.1 Concerns in Aquaculture
105(2)
5.2 Overview of Aquaculture and Effluent Treatment
107(5)
5.2.1 Effluent Water Quality Considerations
108(4)
5.3 Use of Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Fish and Shrimp Aquaculture Effluents
112(7)
5.3.1 Free Water Surface Constructed Wetlands (FWS CWs)
113(1)
5.3.2 Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands (SFCWs)
114(1)
5.3.3 Hybrid Systems (HS)
115(4)
5.4 Conclusions
119(1)
References
120(7)
6 Evaluation of Treatment Wetlands of Different Configuration for the Sugarcane-Mill Effluent under Tropical Conditions
127(18)
E. Navarro
R. Pastor
V. Matamoros
J.M. Bayona
6.1 Introduction
127(3)
6.2 Modeling Water Consumption Minimization
130(3)
6.2.1 First Approach to Linearity
131(1)
6.2.2 A MILP Approach to the Problem
131(2)
6.3 Type of Effluent and Pretreatment
133(2)
6.3.1 Physical-Chemical Methods
133(1)
6.3.2 Intensive Biological Processes
133(1)
6.3.2.1 Suspended Bed Reactor
133(1)
6.3.2.2 Fixed Bed Reactor
133(1)
6.3.2.3 Fluidized Bed Reactor
134(1)
6.3.3 Extensive Biological Processes
134(1)
6.4 Constructed Wetlands (CWs)
135(6)
6.4.1 Case Studies
135(1)
6.4.1.1 India
135(1)
6.4.1.2 Kenya
137(1)
6.4.1.3 Mexico
137(1)
6.4.1.4 South Africa
138(1)
6.4.1.5 Thailand
138(1)
6.4.2 Effects of Design and Operation on the COD, BOD and Nutrient Removal
139(1)
6.4.3 Other Water Quality Parameters
140(1)
6.4.3.1 Turbidity
140(1)
6.4.3.2 Pigments
140(1)
6.4.3.3 Sulfate
140(1)
6.4.3.4 Nitrogen Removal
141(1)
6.4.3.5 Phosphorus
141(1)
6.5 Research Needs
141(1)
Acknowledgements
141(1)
References
142(3)
7 Treatment of Effluents from Meat, Vegetable and Soft Drinks Processing using Constructed Wetlands
145(18)
Marco Hard
Joseph Hogan
Vasiliki Ioannidou
7.1 Treatment of Slaughterhouse and Meat Processing Wastewater
145(5)
7.2 Treatment of Potato Washing Wastewater
150(3)
7.3 Treatment of Molasses Wastewater
153(4)
7.4 Treatment of Effluents from Coffee Processing
157(3)
References
160(3)
Part III Agro-Industrial Wastewater 163(60)
8 Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands
165(10)
F. Masi
A. Rizzo
R. Bresciani
Dimitrios V. Vayenas
C.S. Akratos
A.G. Tekerlekopoulou
Alexandros I. Stefanakis
8.1 Introduction
165(1)
8.2 Wastewater Production and Characterization
166(1)
8.3 Applications and Configurations
166(6)
8.3.1 The Greek Experiences
168(1)
8.3.1.1 Free Water Surface CWs
168(1)
8.3.1.2 Horizontal Subsurface Flow CWs
170(1)
8.3.1.3 Vertical Flow CWs
170(1)
8.3.1.4 Hybrid Wetland Systems
171(1)
8.4 Evaporation Plus Constructed Wetlands: An Italian Innovative Approach
172(1)
8.5 Discussion and Conclusions
172(1)
References
173(2)
9 Dairy Wastewater Treatment with Constructed Wetlands: Experiences from Belgium, the Netherlands and Greece
175(28)
C.S. Akratos
D. Van Oirschot
A.G. Tekerlekopoulou
Dimitrios V. Vayenas
Alexandros I. Stefanakis
9.1 Introduction
175(1)
9.2 Brief Literature Review on Wetland Systems for Dairy Wastewater Treatment
176(5)
9.3 Experiences from the Netherlands and Belgium
181(11)
9.3.1 Wetland System Description
182(1)
9.3.2 Operation
183(1)
9.3.3 Results from the Netherlands
184(1)
9.3.3.1 Experimental Projects
184(1)
9.3.3.2 Stimulation of Denitrification through Recirculation of Effluent
185(1)
9.3.3.3 Phosphorus Removal
185(2)
9.3.4 Results from Belgium
187(1)
9.3.4.1 System at Poppe, Eeklo
187(1)
9.3.4.2 System at De Paep, Sint-Gillis Waas in Belgium
188(1)
9.3.4.3 System at PDLT, Geel in Belgium
189(1)
9.3.4.4 Aerated Wetland (FBA) at PDLT, Geel in Belgium
190(2)
9.4 Experiences from Greece
192(5)
9.4.1 First Experimental Project
192(4)
9.4.2 Second Experimental Project
196(1)
9.5 Conclusions
197(1)
References
198(5)
10 The Performance of Constructed Wetlands for Treating Swine Wastewater under Different Operating Conditions
203(20)
Gladys Vidal
Catalina Plaza de Los Reyes
Oliver Saez
10.1 Introduction
203(4)
10.1.1 The Swine Sector and the Generation of Slurries
203(1)
10.1.2 Characterization of Slurries
203(2)
10.1.3 Environmental Effects of the Application of Slurry in Soils
205(1)
10.1.4 Integrated Management for Treating Swine Slurry
205(2)
10.1.5 Primary Treatment (Solids Removal)
207(1)
10.1.6 Secondary Treatment (Organic Matter Removal)
207(1)
10.1.6.1 Anaerobic Treatment Systems
207(1)
10.2 Removal of Nutrients by Constructed Wetlands
207(6)
10.2.1 Constructed Wetland (CW)
208(1)
10.2.1.1 Macrophyte Species Used in Constructed Wetlands
209(1)
10.2.1.2 Nitrogen Elimination Mechanisms in Constructed Wetlands
209(1)
10.2.1.3 Incorporation into Plant Tissue (Assimilation)
212(1)
10.2.1.4 Ammonium Sedimentation/Adsorption
212(1)
10.2.1.5 Anammox (or Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation)
213(1)
10.3 Removal of Nutrients by Constructed Wetlands using Biological Pretreatments
213(3)
Acknowledgements
216(1)
References
216(7)
Part IV Mine Drainage and Leachate Treatment 223(60)
11 Constructed Wetlands for Metals: Removal Mechanism and Analytical Challenges
225(24)
Adam Sochacki
Asheesh K. Yadav
Pratiksha Srivastava
Naresh Kumar
Mark Wellington Fitch
Ashirbad Mohanty
11.1 Sources of Metal Pollution and Rationale for Using Constructed Wetlands to Treat Metal-Laden Wastewater
225(1)
11.2 Removal Mechanisms
226(9)
11.2.1 Adsorption
226(1)
11.2.2 Filtration and Sedimentation
226(1)
11.2.3 Association with Metal Oxides and Hydroxides
227(1)
11.2.4 Precipitation as Sulfides
227(1)
11.2.4.1 Mechanism of the Process
228(1)
11.2.4.2 Bacterial Sulfate Reduction in Constructed Wetlands
230(1)
11.2.4.3 Carbon Source for Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria
231(1)
11.2.5 Microbial Removal Processes
232(1)
11.2.6 Plant Uptake of Metals in Constructed Wetlands
232(1)
11.2.6.1 Metal Uptake by Aquatic Macrophytes
232(1)
11.2.6.2 Metal Uptake by the Roots
233(1)
11.2.6.3 Metal Uptake by the Shoots
233(1)
11.2.6.4 Indirect Assistance in Metal Removal by Plants
233(1)
11.2.6.5 Role of Plants in Removing Metals from Industrial Wastewater
234(1)
11.2.7 Other Processes
235(1)
11.3 Analytical Challenges
235(6)
11.3.1 Background and Overview of Methods
235(2)
11.3.2 Sequential Extraction Procedures and their Applicability to Wetland Substrates
237(1)
11.3.3 State-of-the-Art Instrumental Methods
238(1)
11.3.4 Advanced Analytical Techniques
239(2)
References
241(8)
12 A Review on the Use of Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage
249(14)
C Sheridan
A. Akcil
U. Kappelmeyer
I. Moodley
12.1 What is Acid Mine Drainage?
249(1)
12.2 Sources of AMD
250(1)
12.3 Environmental and Social Impacts of AMD
251(2)
12.3.1 Environmental Impacts
251(2)
12.3.2 Social Impacts of AMD
253(1)
12.4 Remediation of AMD
253(6)
12.4.1 Constructed Wetlands
254(1)
12.4.1.1 Constructed Wetland Configuration Types
254(1)
12.4.1.2 Mechanism by which CWs Remediate Most AMD/ARD
254(1)
12.4.1.3 Constructed Wetlands for Treating AMD Prior to 2000
255(1)
12.4.1.4 Constructed Wetlands for Treating AMD Between 2001 and 2010
256(1)
12.4.1.5 Constructed Wetlands for Treating AMD from 2010 to the Present
258(1)
12.5 Summary
259(1)
References
259(4)
13 Solid Waste (SW) Leachate Treatment using Constructed Wetland Systems
263(20)
K.B.S.N. Jinadasa
T.A.O.K. Meetiyagoda
Wun Jern Ng
13.1 The Nature of Solid Waste (SW) and SW Leachate
263(2)
13.2 Characteristics of SW Leachate in Tropical Developing Countries
265(2)
13.3 Treatment Methods for SW Leachate
267(3)
13.3.1 Advantages of Constructed Wetlands for Leachate Treatment Under Tropical Climate
269(1)
13.4 Experimental Methodology for Plant Species and CW Performance Evaluation
270(3)
13.5 Effect of Plant Species on Leachate Components
273(6)
13.5.1 Effect on Organic Compounds
273(3)
13.5.2 Effect on Removal and Transformation of Nitrogen Compounds
276(3)
13.6 Summary
279(1)
References
279(4)
Part V Wood and Leather Processing Industry 283(60)
14 Cork Boiling Wastewater Treatment in Pilot Constructed Wetlands
285(24)
Arlindo C. Gomes
Alexandros I. Stefanakis
Antonio Albuquerque
Rogerio Simoes
14.1 Introduction
285(4)
14.1.1 Cork Production and Manufacture
285(1)
14.1.2 Cork Boiling Wastewater Characteristics
286(3)
14.2 Cork Boiling Wastewater Treatment
289(11)
14.2.1 Physico-Chemical Treatment
289(9)
14.2.2 Biological Treatment
298(1)
14.2.3 Sequential Treatment
299(1)
14.3 Constructed Wetland Technology
300(4)
14.3.1 Experimental Setup of Microcosm-Scale Constructed Wetlands
301(1)
14.3.2 Experimental Results
302(2)
14.4 Conclusions
304(1)
Acknowledgements
305(1)
References
305(4)
15 Constructed Wetland Technology for Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment
309(18)
Satish Kumar
Ashutosh Kumar Choudhary
15.1 Introduction
309(1)
15.2 Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Characteristics
310(1)
15.3 Remediation of Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Pollution
311(1)
15.4 Constructed Wetlands
312(10)
15.4.1 Performance of CWs for Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment
312(10)
15.5 Conclusions
322(1)
References
322(5)
16 Treatment of Wastewater from Tanneries and the Textile Industry using Constructed Wetland Systems
327(16)
Christos S. Akratos
A.G. Tekerlekopoulou
Dimitrios V. Vayenas
16.1 Introduction
327(5)
16.1.1 Tannery Wastewaters
327(3)
16.1.2 Azo Dye and Textile Industries
330(2)
16.2 Discussion
332(1)
16.3 Constructed Wetlands for Cr(VI) Removal: A Case Study
332(5)
16.4 Conclusions
337(1)
References
338(5)
Part VI Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics Industry 343(84)
17 Removal Processes of Pharmaceuticals in Constructed Wetlands
345(60)
A. Dordio
A.J.P. Carvalho
17.1 Introduction
345(3)
17.2 Pharmaceutical Compounds in the Environment: Sources, Fate and Environmental Effects
348(4)
17.3 Pharmaceuticals Removal in Constructed Wetlands
352(33)
17.3.1 Removal Efficiency of Pharmaceuticals in CWS
352(13)
17.3.2 Main Removal Processes for Pharmaceuticals in SSF-CWS
365(1)
17.3.2.1 Abiotic Processes
365(1)
17.3.2.2 Biotic Processes
367(3)
17.3.3 The Role of SSF-CWS Components in Pharmaceuticals Removal
370(1)
17.3.3.1 The Role of Biotic Components (Plants and Microorganisms) in Pharmaceuticals Removal
370(1)
17.3.3.2 The Role of the Support Matrix in Pharmaceuticals Removal
381(4)
17.4 Final Remarks
385(1)
References
386(19)
18 Role of Bacterial Diversity on PPCPs Removal in Constructed Wetlands
405(22)
Maria Hijosa-Valsero
Ricardo Sidrach-Cardona
Anna Pedescoll
Olga Sanchez
Eloy Becares
18.1 Introduction
405(1)
18.2 Mesocosm-Scale Experiences
406(3)
18.2.1 Description of the Systems
406(1)
18.2.2 Sampling Strategy
406(2)
18.2.3 Analytical Methodology
408(1)
18.3 Pollutant Concentrations and Removal Efficiencies in Mesocosms CWs
409(1)
18.4 Microbiological Characterization
409(4)
18.5 Link between Microbiological Richness and Pollutant Removal in CWs
413(5)
18.5.1 Microbial Richness and Conventional Pollutant Removal
413(1)
18.5.1.1 Roots
413(1)
18.5.2 Microbial Richness and PPCP Removal
414(1)
18.5.2.1 Gravel
414(1)
18.5.2.2 Interstitial Liquid
414(1)
18.5.2.3 Roots
414(2)
18.5.3 Effect of Physico-Chemical Parameters on Microbial Richness
416(1)
18.5.3.1 Gravel
416(1)
18.5.3.2 Interstitial Liquid
416(1)
18.5.3.3 Roots
416(2)
18.6 Mechanisms and Design Parameters Involved in PPCPs Removal
418(2)
18.7 Conclusions
420(1)
Acknowledgements
421(1)
References
421(6)
Part VII Novel Industrial Applications 427(102)
19 Dewatering of Industrial Sludge in Sludge Treatment Reed Bed Systems
429(24)
S. Nielsen
E. Bruun
19.1 Introduction
429(2)
19.2 Methodology
431(3)
19.2.1 Description of an STRB
431(1)
19.2.2 Description of STRB Test-System
432(2)
19.3 Treatment of Industrial Sludge in STRB Systems
434(3)
19.3.1 Organic Material in Sludge
434(1)
19.3.2 Fats and Oil in Sludge
434(1)
19.3.3 Heavy Metals in Sludge
435(1)
19.3.4 Nutrients in Sludge
436(1)
19.3.5 Hazardous Organic Compounds in Sludge
436(1)
19.4 Case Studies - Treatment of Industrial Sludge in Full-Scale and Test STRB Systems
437(11)
19.4.1 Case 1: Treatment of Industrial Sewage Sludge with High Contents of Fat
437(1)
19.4.2 Case 2: Treatment of Industrial Sewage Sludge with High Contents of Heavy Metal (Nickel)
438(2)
19.4.3 Case 3: Treatment of Water Works Sludge
440(1)
19.4.3.1 Feed Sludge and Resulting Filtrate Quality
442(1)
19.4.3.2 Sedimentation and Capillary Suction Time
443(1)
19.4.3.3 Sludge Volume Reduction and Sludge Residue Development
446(1)
19.4.3.4 Filtrate Water Flow
447(1)
19.5 Discussion and Conclusions
448(2)
19.5.1 Industrial Sludge
448(1)
19.5.2 Water Works Sludge
449(1)
Acknowledgements
450(1)
References
450(3)
20 Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement and Temperature Reduction at a Power-Generating Facility
453(16)
Christopher H. Keller
Susan Flash
John Hanlon
20.1 Introduction
453(1)
20.2 Basis of Design
453(5)
20.2.1 Design for Ammonia and Copper Reduction
454(2)
20.2.2 Design for pH, Toxicity, and Specific Conductance
456(1)
20.2.3 Design for Temperature Reduction
456(2)
20.2.4 Process Flow and Final Design Criteria
458(1)
20.3 Construction
458(1)
20.4 Operational Performance Summary
459(7)
20.4.1 Inflow and Outflow Rates and Wetland Water Depths
459(4)
20.4.2 Ammonia
463(1)
20.4.3 Copper
463(1)
20.4.4 pH
463(1)
20.4.5 Temperature
464(2)
20.4.6 Whole Effluent Toxicity
466(1)
20.4.7 Specific Conductance
466(1)
20.5 Discussion
466(2)
References
468(1)
21 Recycling of Carwash Effluents Treated with Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands
469(24)
A. Torrens
M. Fokh
M. Salgot
M. Aulinas
21.1 Introduction
469(2)
21.2 Case Study: Description
471(3)
21.2.1 Pilot Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland
471(1)
21.2.2 Pilot Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland
471(1)
21.2.3 Operation and Monitoring
472(2)
21.3 Case Study: Results and Discussion
474(14)
21.3.1 Influent Characterization
474(3)
21.3.2 Effluent Quality for Recycling
477(1)
21.3.3 Performance of the Constructed Wetland Pilots
478(1)
21.3.3.1 Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland
478(1)
21.3.3.2 Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland
482(1)
21.3.3.3 Comparison of Performances
486(2)
21.4 Design and Operation Recommendations
488(2)
21.4.1 Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland
488(1)
21.4.2 Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland
489(1)
21.5 Conclusions
489(1)
References
490(3)
22 Constructed Wetland-Microbial Fuel Cell: An Emerging Integrated Technology for Potential Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Bio-Electricity Generation
493(18)
Asheesh K. Yadav
Pratiksha Srivastava
Naresh Kumar
Rouzbeh Abbassi
Barada Kanta Mishra
22.1 Introduction
493(2)
22.2 The Fundamentals of MFC and Microbial Electron Transfer to Electrode
495(1)
22.3 State of the Art of CW-MFCs
496(4)
22.3.1 Design and Operation of CW-MFCs
496(1)
22.3.2 Performance Evaluation of Various CW-MFCs
497(3)
22.4 Potential Industrial Wastewater Treatment in CW-MFCs
500(2)
22.5 Challenges in Generating Bio-Electricity in CW-MFCs During Industrial Wastewater Treatment
502(1)
22.6 Future Directions
503(1)
Acknowledgements
504(1)
References
504(7)
23 Constructed Wetlands for Stormwater Treatment from Specific (Dutch) Industrial Surfaces
511(18)
Floris Boogaard
Johan Blom
Joost van den Bulk
23.1 Introduction
511(1)
23.2 Stormwater Characteristics
511(4)
23.2.1 Stormwater Quality in Urban Areas
511(2)
23.2.2 Industrial Stormwater Quality
513(1)
23.2.3 Fraction of Pollutants Attached to Particles
513(1)
23.2.3.1 Particle Size Distribution
515(1)
23.2.4 Removal Efficiency
515(1)
23.3 Best Management Practices of (Dutch) Wetlands at Industrial Sites
515(8)
23.3.1 Amsterdam Westergasfabriekterrein
518(1)
23.3.2 Constructed Wetland Oostzaan: Multifunctional High Removal Efficiency
518(2)
23.3.3 Constructed Wetland Hoogeveen, Oude Diep
520(1)
23.3.4 Cost
520(1)
23.3.5 Choosing Best Location(s) of Wetlands on Industrial Areas
521(2)
23.4 Innovation in Monitoring Wetlands
523(2)
23.4.1 Innovative Determination of Long-Term Hydraulic Capacity of Wetlands
523(2)
23.4.2 Innovating Monitoring of Removal Efficiency and Eco-Scan
525(1)
23.5 Conclusions and Recommendations
525(2)
23.5.1 Conclusions
525(2)
23.5.2 Recommendations
527(1)
References
527(2)
Part VIII Managerial and Construction Aspects 529(34)
24 A Novel Response of Industry to Wastewater Treatment with Constructed Wetlands: A Managerial View through System Dynamic Techniques
531(20)
Ioannis E. Nikolaou
Alexandros I. Stefanakis
24.1 Introduction
531(1)
24.2 Theoretical Underpinning
532(4)
24.2.1 Constructed Wetlands - A Short Review
532(1)
24.2.2 Constructed Wetlands: An Economic-Environmental Approach
533(1)
24.2.3 Constructed Wetlands: An Industrial Viewpoint
534(1)
24.2.4 CWs Through a CSR Glance
534(2)
24.3 Methodology
536(5)
24.3.1 Research Structure
536(1)
24.3.2 The CSR-CWs Agenda
537(1)
24.3.3 CSR-CWs Balanced Scorecard
537(2)
24.3.4 CSR-CWs Balanced Scorecard System Dynamic Model
539(1)
24.3.5 Some Certain Scenario Developments
540(1)
24.4 Test of Scenarios and a Typology Construction for Decision Making
541(4)
24.4.1 Scenario Analysis
541(1)
24.4.1.1 The Proactive Industry - The Business Case Approach
541(1)
24.4.1.2 Proactive Industry - The Ethical Case Approach
541(1)
24.4.1.3 Reactive Industry - The Business Case Approach
543(1)
24.4.1.4 Reactive Industry - The Ethical Case Approach
543(1)
24.4.2 A Typology of Industry Decision Making in CSR-CWs Agenda
544(1)
24.5 Conclusion and Discussion
545(1)
References
546(5)
25 A Construction Manager's Perception of a Successful Industrial Constructed Wetland Project
551(12)
Emmanuel Aboagye-Nimo
Justus Harding
Alexandros I. Stefanakis
25.1 Key Performance Indicators for Construction Projects
551(1)
25.2 Function and Values of Constructed Wetlands
552(2)
25.2.1 Constructed Wetland Components
553(1)
25.3 Clear Deliverables of Project
554(2)
25.3.1 Health and Safety Considerations in Construction Projects
555(1)
25.3.2 Hazard Identification and Risk Screening
556(1)
25.3.3 Securing the Project
556(1)
25.4 Critical Points in Constructing Wetlands
556(3)
25.5 Summary
559(1)
References
560(3)
Index 563
Alexandros I. Stefanakis, Bauer Resources, Schrobenhausen, Germany; Bauer Nimr LLC, Muscat, Oman; and German University of Technology in Oman, Muscat, Oman.
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