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El. knyga: Construction 4.0: Advanced Technology, Tools and Materials for the Digital Transformation of the Construction Industry

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(Faculty of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy)
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Construction 4.0: Advanced Technology, Tools and Materials for the Digital Transformation of the Construction IndustryDidesnis paveikslėlis
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At the beginning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the advent of digitalization, innovative technologies and materials, and new construction techniques have begun transforming the way that infrastructure, real estate, and other built assets can be designed, constructed, and operated in order to create a more attractive, energy-efficient, comfortable, affordable, safe, and sustainable built environment. Developments in materials and cutting-edge technologies (such as artificial intelligence, robotics, nanotechnology, 3D printing, and biotechnology) have finally started to move the construction towards a new era. Massive changes are occurring as a result of the possibilities created by big data and the Internet of Things, along with the technological advances that are driving down the cost of sensors, data storage, and computer services.

Construction 4.0: Advanced Technology, Tools and Materials for the Digital Transformation of the Construction Industry presents a thorough review of developments in materials, emerging trends, cutting-edge technologies, and strategies in the fields of smart building design, construction, and operation, providing the reader with a comprehensive guideline on how to exploit the new possibilities offered by the digital revolution.

It will be an essential reference resource for academic researchers, material scientists, and civil engineers, undergraduate and graduate students, and other professionals working in the fields of smart eco-efficient construction and cutting-edge technologies applied to construction.

  • Features discussions on how nanomaterials, bio-based materials, and recycled materials are applied in the construction of buildings
  • Analyzes the lifecycle of materials, buildings and design and construction operations
  • Covers new methodologies and construction processes
  • Provides case studies on cutting-edge digital technology such as AI and machine learning
  • Examines all aspects of sustainability, including end-of-life of buildings
About the author ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction xiii
Part I Challenges and opportunities for a new construction industry
1(186)
1 Toward a new building era
3(58)
1.1 Construction industry: economic and societal relevance
3(7)
1.1.1 Labor productivity and safety
4(4)
1.1.2 New century megatrends for construction
8(2)
1.2 Energy and environmental impact of buildings
10(14)
1.2.1 State of planet: time to act
10(6)
1.2.2 Buildings as a key part of the energy and environmental system
16(4)
1.2.3 Sustainable buildings and construction policies
20(4)
1.3 Low-carbon and sustainable cities
24(4)
1.4 Built environment and circular economy
28(6)
1.4.1 Circular economy paradigm
30(1)
1.4.2 A circular model for construction
31(3)
1.5 Climate positive and smart buildings
34(11)
1.5.1 Zero energy buildings
35(2)
1.5.2 Green buildings
37(3)
1.5.3 Smart buildings
40(5)
1.6 Toward a digital future for construction
45(10)
1.6.1 Construction 4.0 technologies
50(3)
1.6.2 Benefits of Construction 4.0
53(2)
1.7 Conclusions and future trends
55(6)
References
56(5)
2 Holistic building design approach
61(90)
2.1 Life cycle design
61(10)
2.1.1 Life cycle analysis of buildings
64(2)
2.1.2 Life cycle design strategies
66(4)
2.1.3 Building life cycle costing
70(1)
2.2 Climate and context adaptive design
71(44)
2.2.1 New building operational performance targets
72(24)
2.2.2 Context analysis
96(7)
2.2.3 Climate analysis
103(12)
2.3 Holistic design strategies
115(32)
2.3.1 Building geometry
115(16)
2.3.2 Building envelope
131(2)
2.3.3 Building systems
133(3)
2.3.4 Building integrated renewable energy
136(3)
2.3.5 Landscape and vegetation
139(1)
2.3.6 Design for construction and deconstruction
140(7)
2.4 Conclusion and future trends
147(4)
References
148(3)
3 Building digital revolution
151(36)
3.1 Construction 4.0 technology drivers
151(14)
3.1.1 Building information modeling
153(2)
3.1.2 Cloud and edge computing
155(2)
3.1.3 Internet of things
157(2)
3.1.4 5G network
159(1)
3.1.5 Artificial intelligence and machine learning
160(2)
3.1.6 Big Data and advanced analytics
162(2)
3.1.7 Nanotechnology
164(1)
3.2 Digital building life cycle
165(18)
3.2.1 Augmented digital design
167(7)
3.2.2 Connected construction
174(7)
3.2.3 Smart operation
181(2)
3.3 Conclusion and future trends
183(4)
References
184(3)
Part II Building modeling and advanced digital design tools
187(148)
4 Building information modeling
189(32)
4.1 The road to building information modeling
189(3)
4.2 Building information modeling and multidimensional design
192(12)
4.2.1 Project and asset information models
194(1)
4.2.2 Levels of development of a building information model
195(1)
4.2.3 Building information modeling dimensions
196(3)
4.2.4 Building information modeling software tools
199(5)
4.3 Application of building information modeling along the construction value chain
204(3)
4.3.1 Design development
204(2)
4.3.2 Building information modeling in the construction phase
206(1)
4.3.3 Building information modeling in the operation phase
207(1)
4.4 Building information modeling information requirements
207(3)
4.4.1 Exchange information requirements
208(1)
4.4.2 Building information modeling execution plan
208(1)
4.4.3 Building information modeling roles and professions
209(1)
4.5 Building information modeling maturity levels
210(3)
4.6 Collaborative practices and standardization
213(4)
4.6.1 Building information modeling standardization
213(1)
4.6.2 Common data environment
213(2)
4.6.3 Interoperability
215(2)
4.7 Conclusion and future trends
217(4)
References
218(3)
5 Building performance simulation tools
221(42)
5.1 Basic principles of building performance simulation
221(20)
5.1.1 Building performance metrics
223(2)
5.1.2 BPS applications
225(16)
5.2 BPS software tools
241(9)
5.2.1 DOE-2
245(1)
5.2.2 EnergyPlus
245(3)
5.2.3 IES virtual environment
248(2)
5.3 Data and accuracy for building performance simulation
250(5)
5.3.1 Occupant behavior
251(2)
5.3.2 Weather data
253(2)
5.4 Integration with BIM
255(5)
5.4.1 BIM-BEM interoperability
255(1)
5.4.2 Parametric energy modeling
256(2)
5.4.3 BIM and life cycle analysis integration
258(2)
5.5 Conclusion and future trends
260(3)
References
260(3)
6 Advanced digital design tools and methods
263(72)
6.1 Advanced survey systems
263(17)
6.1.1 Aerial mapping
263(3)
6.1.2 Geographic information system
266(5)
6.1.3 On site survey
271(9)
6.2 Real-time 3D visualization
280(2)
6.3 Extended reality in design
282(16)
6.3.1 Virtual reality
283(9)
6.3.2 Augmented and mixed reality
292(6)
6.4 Computational and generative design
298(23)
6.4.1 Parametric design
299(2)
6.4.2 Generative design
301(16)
6.4.3 Parametric and generative design software
317(4)
6.5 Design for digital fabrication
321(8)
6.6 Conclusions and future trends
329(6)
References
331(4)
Part III Advanced materials, technologies, and building construction methods
335(188)
7 Advanced construction materials
337(68)
7.1 Advanced materials for construction 4.0
337(2)
7.2 Nanomaterials
339(1)
7.3 Smart materials
340(5)
7.3.1 Shape memory materials
341(3)
7.3.2 Smart sensors
344(1)
7.4 Bio-based materials
345(8)
7.4.1 Bio-based insulation and phase change materials
348(3)
7.4.2 Bio-bricks
351(2)
7.5 Advanced building products
353(45)
7.5.1 Advanced concrete
353(6)
7.5.2 Engineered mass timber structures
359(7)
7.5.3 High-performance insulators
366(6)
7.5.4 Dynamic windows
372(4)
7.5.5 Smart coatings
376(11)
7.5.6 Mimetic photovoltaics
387(11)
7.6 Conclusion and future trends
398(7)
References
399(6)
8 Advanced building construction methods
405(66)
8.1 Prefabrication and off-site construction methods
405(9)
8.1.1 2D panelized solutions
408(1)
8.1.2 3D volumetric assembly
409(1)
8.1.3 Modular buildings
409(3)
8.1.4 Robotic off-site prefabrication
412(2)
8.2 Robotic fabrication on site
414(24)
8.2.1 Single task construction robots
417(5)
8.2.2 Biomorphic robots
422(3)
8.2.3 Human augmentation
425(4)
8.2.4 Autonomous and teleoperated vehicles
429(7)
8.2.5 Robotic on-site factories
436(2)
8.3 Additive manufacturing in construction
438(28)
8.3.1 3D printing processes and technologies
441(10)
8.3.2 3D printing of building components
451(9)
8.3.3 Building scale 3D printing
460(6)
8.4 Conclusions and future trends
466(5)
References
466(5)
9 Advanced site management tools and methods
471(52)
9.1 Digital construction management
471(13)
9.1.1 Construction management software
472(2)
9.1.2 Virtual design and construction
474(4)
9.1.3 BIM and lean construction
478(3)
9.1.4 Construction site digital twin
481(1)
9.1.5 Smart contracts and blockchain
482(2)
9.2 Drones in construction
484(10)
9.2.1 Unmanned aerial vehicles
485(2)
9.2.2 Topography surveying
487(4)
9.2.3 Worksite supervision and building inspection
491(3)
9.3 Wearable devices in construction
494(6)
9.3.1 Uses and benefits
494(2)
9.3.2 Wearable devices on the market
496(4)
9.4 Extended reality in construction
500(7)
9.4.1 Virtual reality in construction
500(3)
9.4.2 Augmented reality in construction
503(1)
9.4.3 Mixed reality in construction
504(3)
9.5 Connected construction sites
507(2)
9.6 Artificial intelligence in construction
509(9)
9.6.1 Artificial intelligence as-a-service
510(6)
9.6.2 Artificial intelligence-enabled software-as-a-service
516(2)
9.7 Conclusions and future trends
518(5)
References
519(4)
Part IV Smart building operation and management
523(138)
10 Building automation systems
525(58)
10.1 System architecture, components, and services
525(3)
10.2 BAS topology
528(10)
10.2.1 Controllers, sensors, and actuators
528(2)
10.2.2 Communication infrastructure and protocols
530(5)
10.2.3 Internet of Things for smart buildings
535(3)
10.3 Connected services
538(10)
10.3.1 Energy management system
538(2)
10.3.2 HVAC and DHW automation
540(1)
10.3.3 Smart lighting
541(3)
10.3.4 Adaptive facades
544(2)
10.3.5 Water management
546(2)
10.4 Control strategies
548(19)
10.4.1 Traditional control strategies
549(2)
10.4.2 Advanced control strategies
551(1)
10.4.3 Model predictive control
552(13)
10.4.4 Reinforced learning
565(2)
10.5 Advanced human interfaces
567(2)
10.6 Smart Home
569(7)
10.6.1 Smart home services
571(3)
10.6.2 Connected homes
574(2)
10.7 Conclusion and future trends
576(7)
References
577(6)
11 Advanced facility management
583(24)
11.1 Building facility management
583(4)
11.1.1 Building maintenance policies
584(1)
11.1.2 Computer-aided facility management
585(1)
11.1.3 BIM-enhanced facility management
586(1)
11.2 Predictive building maintenance
587(3)
11.3 Extended reality in building operation
590(4)
11.3.1 Virtual reality in maintenance
590(1)
11.3.2 Augmented reality in maintenance
591(1)
11.3.3 Mixed reality in maintenance
592(2)
11.4 Digital twin
594(9)
11.4.1 Digital twin structure
596(3)
11.4.2 Digital building twin
599(4)
11.5 Conclusion and future trends
603(4)
References
604(3)
12 Smart buildings and smart cities
607(54)
12.1 Smart city
607(9)
12.1.1 Big Data and machine learning
611(2)
12.1.2 Smart city digital twin
613(3)
12.2 Smart energy infrastructure
616(12)
12.2.1 Smart grids
620(2)
12.2.2 Smart meters
622(1)
12.2.3 Microgrids
622(1)
12.2.4 The role of hydrogen in decarbonization
623(4)
12.2.5 Modeling tools for urban energy system planning
627(1)
12.3 Smart energy buildings
628(27)
12.3.1 Building integrated renewable energy
629(17)
12.3.2 Building electricity storage
646(4)
12.3.3 Vehicle to building
650(2)
12.3.4 Demand response
652(3)
12.4 Conclusions and future trends
655(6)
References
656(5)
Index 661
Prof. Marco Casini is a leading academic in the Green and Smart Building sector with more than 25 years experience in Building Sciences. He is an environmental engineer with a PhD in environmental engineering and is Associate Professor in the Department of Urban Planning, Design and Technology of Architecture at Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, where he also teaches in several Masters, PhD, and Graduate schools on subjects pertaining to energy and environmental sustainability for buildings.

His area of expertise concerns sustainable architectural design and construction, focusing on advanced materials, technologies, and strategies for smart buildings and smart cities. His professional activities include international scientific and technical consultancy on technological, environmental, and energy aspects related to the design and construction of high-performance buildings, as well as training on Green Building and Smart Cities strategies and policy-making for public authorities.
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