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El. knyga: Construction Insurance and UK Construction Contracts

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Construction Insurance and UK Construction Contracts has long been the premier text for legal professionals looking for a combined analysis of construction contracts and their relation to insurance law. In a new and updated third edition, this book continues to provide in-depth commentary and pragmatic advice on all the most important regulations and policies surrounding contracts and insurance in the construction industry.

Including brand new chapters on reinsurance and energy products, this book covers subjects such as:

  • Minor, intermediate and major project construction contracts
  • Classes of insurance contract
  • The role of insurance brokers
  • Risks in construction and legal liability
  • Professional indemnity insurance and directors' and officers' liability insurance
  • Bonds and insurance
  • Latent defect insurance
  • Property insurance
  • Health and Safety and Construction Regulations
  • Contract Insurance
  • FIDIC, JCT and NEC 3 regulations
  • PFI/PPP projects in the UK
  • Dispute resolution

This book is a vital reference tool and practical guide for lawyers and in-house counsels involved in the construction industry as well as project managers, quantity surveyors, construction contractors, architects and engineers needing advice from an experienced legal perspective.

Preface and acknowledgements xxiii
List of contributors xxv
Table of cases xxvii
Table of statutes li
Chapter 1 Introduction To UK Construction Industry 1(9)
General
1(1)
Valuation methods
2(1)
Lump sum contracts
2(1)
Measurement contracts
3(1)
Cost contracts
3(1)
Procurement methods
3(5)
Traditional/conventional
4(1)
Design and build/contractor's design portion/turnkey
5(1)
Management
6(1)
Integrated
7(1)
Contract forms
8(1)
Consultancy agreements and collateral warranties
9(1)
Chapter 2 General Rules And Principles Of Insurance Law 10(41)
Definition of insurance
10(2)
Insurable interest
12(5)
Utmost good faith
17(17)
Insured's duty to disclose material facts at common law
18(5)
Material circumstances at common law in the context of construction contracts
23(1)
Waiver of non-disclosure or misrepresentation at common law
24(1)
Representation obligations under consumer insurance contracts
24(2)
Fair presentation obligations in respect of non-consumer insurance contracts
26(5)
Basis clauses
31(1)
Duration of the insured's duty
31(1)
Fraudulent claims and fraudulent devices
32(2)
Indemnity
34(1)
Proximate cause
34(3)
Is the loss caused by a peril insured against?
35(1)
Is the loss caused by an excepted cause?
36(1)
Warranties and conditions
37(8)
Warranties
38(2)
Conditions precedent
40(1)
Other conditions
41(1)
Insurance conduct of business rules
41(1)
Limitation of actions
42(1)
Subrogation
43(2)
Composite policies
45(1)
Contribution
45(2)
Reinsurance
47(4)
Reasons for reinsurance
49(1)
Insurable interest in reinsurance contracts
49(1)
The duty of utmost good faith in reinsurance contracts
50(1)
Warranties in reinsurance contracts
50(1)
Chapter 3 Legal Liability 51(33)
Introduction
51(1)
Negligence
52(12)
Duty of care
52(2)
Physical damage and personal injury
54(2)
Economic loss
56(2)
Application of the rules relating to recovery of economic loss to cases arising out of construction projects
58(3)
Breach of duty
61(1)
Causation
62(2)
Foreseeability
64(1)
Defences
64(2)
Contributory negligence
64(1)
Limitation
65(1)
Nuisance
66(6)
Definition
66(1)
Public nuisance
66(1)
Private nuisance
66(1)
Liability
67(2)
Defences: General
69(1)
Damages
70(1)
Nuisances relevant to the construction industry
71(1)
Strict liability: Rylands v Fletcher
72(2)
Definition
72(1)
Liability
73(1)
Trespass to land
74(2)
Definition
74(1)
Air space
74(1)
Liability
74(1)
Defences
75(1)
Damages
75(1)
Limitation and prescription
76(1)
Breach of statutory duty
76(2)
Definition
76(1)
Liability
76(1)
Causation
77(1)
Defences
77(1)
Vicarious liability
78(1)
Fire
79(1)
Remedies
80(1)
Contractual liability
80(4)
Chapter 4 A Broad Overview Of Risks In Construction Projects And The Role Of Insurance 84(8)
The vision
84(1)
Method of risk assessment
84(1)
The assessment of project feasibility
85(2)
The design stage
87(3)
The construction phase
90(1)
Testing and commissioning
91(1)
The maintenance period
91(1)
Post-completion
91(1)
Chapter 5 Classes Of Insurance Contract 92(7)
The main classes of construction insurance policies
92(1)
Liability policies
92(1)
Material damage policies
93(1)
Consequential loss policies
94(1)
Composite and combined policies
94(2)
The difference in conditions method ("DIC")
96(1)
Project insurance
96(2)
Floater policies
98(1)
Chapter 6 Placing The Insurance 99(8)
Formation of insurance
99(8)
The slip
102(1)
Assessment of risk
102(2)
Premium calculation
104(3)
Chapter 7 Appointing Insurance Brokers And The Role Of Insurance Brokers 107(16)
General
107(1)
Common law duty of care
107(1)
Placing and producing brokers
108(1)
Agency issues
109(1)
Broker's duty: General points
110(2)
Duties: Specific obligations
112(7)
Damages and causation
117(2)
Insurance code of business
119(4)
Chapter 8 The Meaning Of "Damage" In Policies Relating To Construction Projects 123(17)
Cases in respect of public liability policies
123(3)
Product liability policies
126(8)
Property damage policies including contractors all risks policies
134(3)
Professional indemnity policies
137(1)
Product guarantee policies
137(1)
Partial exclusion of claims
137(2)
Conclusion
139(1)
Chapter 9 Liability Policies 140(15)
Public liability
140(14)
"Becomes legally liable to pay"
140(1)
"As damages"
141(1)
"In respect of accidental bodily injury to persons"
142(1)
"Or accidental loss of or damage to tangible property"
142(1)
"Occurring during the period of Insurance"
142(1)
Exclusions
143(1)
Cross-liability and waiver of subrogation clauses
143(1)
Limits of liability/excesses
143(6)
Claims notification
149(1)
Claims control
149(2)
Reasonable precautions
151(1)
Other insurance clauses
152(1)
Fraudulent claims
152(1)
The position of company directors
153(1)
Hot work warranties
153(1)
Employers' liability
154(1)
Road traffic liability
154(1)
Product liability
154(1)
Professional indemnity and directors' and officers' liability
154(1)
Chapter 10 Professional Indemnity Insurance And Directors' And Officers' Liability Insurance 155(21)
Professional indemnity cover
155(14)
Notification
157(1)
Block or "can of worms" notification
158(2)
Interrelationship between claims and notification
160(2)
QC clauses
162(1)
Innocent non-disclosure clauses
162(1)
Collateral warranties
163(1)
Contractor's professional indemnity policies
163(3)
Mitigation cover
166(2)
Aggregation
168(1)
Directors' and officers' liability
169(7)
Structure of a D & O policy
170(2)
Composite policies
172(1)
Non-disclosure: Knowledge of the company
172(2)
Breach of warranty
174(1)
Policy exclusions
174(1)
Allocation of defence costs
174(2)
Chapter 11 Property Damage Policies 176(17)
Contractors all risks insurance
176(12)
Insured property
177(1)
The insured
177(1)
Period of insurance
177(1)
Need for fortuity
178(1)
Wear and tear and gradual deterioration
179(1)
Design and workmanship exclusions
180(3)
"Defects in design" or "defectively designed"
183(1)
Other parts or portions of the property insured
184(4)
Insurance required by JCT forms of contract
188(5)
Fire
189(1)
Explosion
189(1)
Storm
190(1)
Flood
190(1)
Escape of water from any water tank, apparatus or pipes
191(2)
Chapter 12 Latent Defects Insurance 193(7)
Introduction
193(1)
The purpose of latent defects insurance
193(1)
Homeowner insurance
194(2)
Latent defects insurance policies
196(1)
Latent defects policies in practice
197(1)
Latent defects policies in the context of collateral warranties
197(2)
Way forward
199(1)
Chapter 13 Insurance Arrangements And Parties' Ability To Sue And Be Sued 200(33)
Introduction
200(1)
Cases on standard forms of building contract
201(13)
Waiver of subrogation and cross-liability clauses
214(1)
Cases concerning the effect of co-insurance
215(10)
The case of Tyco Fire & Integrated Solutions (UK) Ltd v Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Ltd
225(2)
Recent decisions of the Court of Appeal
227(3)
Summary
230(3)
The principles arising from the authorities
230(3)
Chapter 14 Bonds And Insurance 233(9)
Introduction
233(1)
The nature of a bond
233(1)
The modern usage
234(1)
Conditional and on-demand bonds
234(2)
Categories of bond
236(6)
Performance bond
236(1)
Retention bond
237(1)
Advance payment bond
238(1)
Bid bond
238(1)
Goods and materials bond
239(1)
Maintenance bond
239(1)
Defences to a call on a bond: Compliance with conditions
239(1)
Defences to a call on a bond: Fraud
240(1)
Defences to a call on a bond: Reliance on terms of the contract between the beneficiary and the contractor
240(2)
Chapter 15 Property Insurance (Under Higher Tier Property Documents) 242(11)
General
242(1)
Development agreement between the developer and the fund
243(2)
Agreements for lease
245(2)
Lease
247(1)
Loan documents
248(1)
Refurbishments
249(1)
Collateral warranties
249(3)
Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999
252(1)
Chapter 16 Contract Insurance Under JCT Standard Building Contract 2011 253(15)
General
253(1)
Relevant provisions in the contract
253(2)
Specific clauses
255(7)
Section 6 - clauses 6.1 to 6.3
255(2)
Section 6 - clauses 6.4.1 to 6.6
257(4)
Section 6 - clauses 6.7 to 6.11
261(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.12 to 6.17
262(1)
The insurance options
262(3)
Schedule 3 - Option A
262(1)
Schedule 3 - Option B
263(1)
Schedule 3 - Option C
264(1)
Subcontractors
265(3)
Liability of the subcontractor to the employer and contractor
265(2)
Liability of a subcontractor to third parties
267(1)
Chapter 17 Contract Insurance Under JCT Design And Build Contract 2011 268(4)
General
268(1)
Relevant provisions in the contract
269(1)
Specific clauses
270(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.1 to 6.3
270(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.4.1 to 6.6
270(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.7 to 6.11
270(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.12 to 6.13
270(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.14 to 6.17
270(1)
The insurance options
271(1)
Schedule 3 - Option A
271(1)
Schedule 3 - Option B
271(1)
Schedule 3 - Option C
271(1)
Subcontractors
271(1)
Chapter 18 Contract Insurance Under JCT Intermediate Building Contract 2011 272(4)
General
272(1)
Relevant provisions in the contract
272(1)
Specific clauses
273(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.1 to 6.3
273(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.4.1 to 6.6
274(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.7 to 6.11
274(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.12 to 6.15
274(1)
The insurance options
274(1)
Schedule 3 - Option A
274(1)
Schedule 3 - Option B
274(1)
Schedule 3 - Option C
275(1)
Subcontractors
275(1)
Chapter 19 Contract Insurance Under JCT Minor Works Contract 2011 276(5)
General
276(1)
Relevant provisions
276(1)
Specific clauses
277(1)
Clauses 5.1 to 5.3
277(1)
Insurance of the works
278(1)
Clause 5.4A - Insurance of the works by the contractor in joint names
278(1)
Clause 5.4B - Insurance of existing structures and the works by employer in joint name
278(1)
Clause 5.4C - Insurance of existing structures and the works by employer in own name
279(1)
Position of subcontractors
279(2)
Chapter 20 Contract Insurance Under JCT Major Project Construction Contract 2011 281(7)
General
281(1)
Relevant provisions in the contract
281(1)
Specific provisions
282(6)
Indemnities
282(1)
Insurances
283(3)
Professional indemnity
286(2)
Chapter 21 Contract Insurance Under JCT Management Building Contract 2011 288(4)
General
288(1)
Relevant provisions in the contract
288(1)
Specific clauses
289(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.1 to 6.3
289(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.4.1 to 6.6
289(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.7 to 6.11
290(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.12 to 6.13
290(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.14 to 6.17
290(1)
The insurance options
290(1)
Schedule 3 - Option A
290(1)
Schedule 3 - Option B
290(1)
Schedule 3 - Option C
291(1)
Works contractors
291(1)
Chapter 22 Contract Insurance Under JCT Construction Management 2011 292(11)
General
292(1)
Relevant provisions in the CM/A contract
293(1)
Relevant provisions in the CM/CT contract
294(1)
Specific clauses in CM/A11
295(4)
Section 6 - clauses 6.1 to 6.3
295(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.4 to 6.5
296(1)
Section 6 - Clause 6.6
296(1)
Section 6 - Clause 6.7
296(1)
Section 6 - clause 6.8 and Schedule 3
297(1)
Section 6 - Clause 6.10
298(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.13 to 6.14
299(1)
Specific clauses in CM/CT11
299(3)
Section 6 - clauses 6.1 to 6.3
299(1)
Section 6 - clause 6.4
299(1)
Section 6 - clause 6.5
300(1)
Section 6 - clause 6.6 and Schedule 2
300(2)
Section 6 - clauses 6.9 to 6.10
302(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.11 to 6.12
302(1)
Section 6 - clauses 6.13 to 6.16
302(1)
Trade subcontractors
302(1)
Chapter 23 Contract Insurance Under NEC 3 (2013) 303(6)
General
303(1)
Relevant provisions in the contract
304(1)
Specific clauses
304(5)
Clauses 80 and 81: Parties' respective scope of responsibility
304(1)
Clause 83 - indemnities
305(1)
Clause 84 - insurance cover
305(2)
Clause 85 - insurance policies
307(1)
Clauses 86 and 87 - failure to insure
308(1)
Chapter 24 FIDIC Conditions Of Contract 309(22)
General
309(1)
The 1999 FIDIC conditions of contract for Red Book, Yellow Book, Silver Book
310(1)
Clause 17 - risk and responsibility
310(1)
Specific clauses
310(8)
Clause 17.1
310(2)
Clause 17.2
312(1)
Clauses 17.3 and 17.4
313(1)
Clause 18 - insurance
314(1)
Clause 18.1 - General requirements for insurance
314(2)
Clause 18.2 - insurance for works and contractor's equipment
316(1)
Clause 18.3 - insurance against interested persons and damage to property
317(1)
Clause 18.4 - insurance for contractor's personnel
317(1)
Green Book
318(1)
Gold Book
319(1)
Clauses 17 to 19 - risk and insurance
319(1)
Specific clauses
319(12)
Clause 17 - risk allocation
319(12)
Chapter 25 I Mech E/IET Model Form Of Contract MF/1 (REV 6)/2014 331(5)
General
331(1)
MF1/Revision 6 (2014) General
331(1)
Specific clauses
331(5)
Overarching insurance provisions
331(1)
Care of the works
332(2)
Accidents and injury
334(2)
Chapter 26 ICHEME Lump Sum (Red Book), Reimbursable (Green Book) And Burgundy (Target Cost) Contracts 336(10)
General
336(1)
IChemE Red, Green and Burgundy Books insurance provisions: General
337(9)
Specific clauses
337(9)
a Plant, site materials and temporary works
337(4)
b Death, illness and injury
341(1)
c Contractor's equipment
342(1)
d Third party liabilities
343(1)
e Purchaser's/purchaser's affiliates property
344(1)
f Documentation
345(1)
Chapter 27 PFI/PPP Projects In The United Kingdom 346(15)
Principles and structures
346(3)
Reasons for the introduction of PPP
346(1)
The PPP procurement process
347(1)
Funding a PPP project
347(1)
Contractual structure
348(1)
PPP contractual structure
348(1)
The project agreement
349(1)
The design and construction phase
349(1)
The operational phase
349(1)
Property provisions
350(1)
Payment provisions
350(1)
Changes
350(1)
Termination
350(1)
Insurance
350(1)
Subcontracts and direct agreements
350(3)
The construction contract
350(1)
The FM contract
351(1)
Interface agreement
351(1)
Direct agreements
352(1)
Lenders' direct agreement
352(1)
Insurance provisions in the LDA
353(1)
Commoditisation/standardisation
353(2)
Programmes not projects
354(1)
Insurance arrangements
355(6)
Responsibility for arranging insurance
355(1)
The insurance section in SoPC4
355(1)
Required insurances
356(1)
Design and construction phase
356(1)
Operational phase
356(1)
Other insurance policies
357(1)
Reinstatement of project assets
357(1)
Risks that become uninsurable
358(1)
Cost sharing of insurance premiums
359(1)
Guidance PF2
360(1)
Chapter 28 Health And Safety On Construction Sites 361(21)
Introduction
361(1)
Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015
362(1653)
Introduction
362(3)
Transitional arrangements
365(1650)
Application of the CDM
2015
Regulations
365(1)
Construction work
365(1)
Application in and outside Britain
366(1)
Notifiable projects
366(1)
Clients
367(1)
Domestic clients
367(1)
Client duties
368(1)
Designer
368(1)
Principal designer
369(1)
Principal contractor
370(1)
Duties of contractor
371(1)
Duties relating to health and safety on construction sites
371(1)
Civil liability for breach of the CDM
372(1)
Other statutes and regulations
372(2)
Regulations of general application
372(1)
Occupiers' Liability Act 1957
373(1)
Building Act 1984 and the Building Regulations 2010
373(1)
Defective Premises Act 1972
373(1)
Health and safety prosecutions
374(5)
Outline
374(1)
Pre-trial: The investigations
374(2)
Pre-trial: Abuse of process
376(1)
Trial
377(1)
Sentencing
378(1)
Corporate manslaughter
379(1)
Insurance implications of health and safety prosecutions
379(3)
Funding defence costs
379(1)
Insurance Companies (Legal Expenses Insurance) Regulations 1990
380(1)
Fines
380(1)
Prosecution costs
381(1)
Disclosure of previous convictions
381(1)
Chapter 29 Captives 382(11)
Introduction
382(1)
Advantages of captive formation
382(1)
Reinsurance
382(1)
Risk selection
382(1)
Taxation
383(1)
Multinationals
383(1)
Expansion
383(1)
Disadvantages of captive formation
383(3)
Cost
383(1)
Beating the market
384(1)
Funding low-level losses
384(1)
Before forming
384(1)
Business plan
384(1)
Market cooperation
385(1)
Local company legislation
385(1)
Attitudes of authorities
385(1)
Government controls and returns
385(1)
Management time
385(1)
Premium payment
386(1)
Loss control
386(1)
Managing the captive
386(2)
Selecting the managers
386(1)
Management agreements
387(1)
Establishing a captive
388(2)
Legal
388(1)
Documentation
388(1)
Accounting
388(1)
Taxation
388(1)
Underwriting
388(1)
Claims handling
389(1)
Investment
389(1)
Administration
389(1)
Loss control
389(1)
Captive set-up and operating costs
389(1)
Consolidation of the captive board
390(1)
Alternative solutions
390(3)
Operating budgets
390(1)
Self-insurance and funding
390(1)
Mutual captives
391(1)
Participative insurance
391(2)
Chapter 30 Claims And The Third Party (Rights Against Insurers) ACT 393(14)
Insurers' duty of good faith
394(1)
Form of notification
394(1)
Source of notification
395(1)
Recipient of notification
395(1)
Time for notification
395(2)
Are any requirements as to notification conditions precedent?
397(2)
Condition precedent
398(1)
Where the clause is not a condition precedent
398(1)
Construction of notification clauses
399(1)
Procedures following notification of the claim
399(1)
Settlement of third party claims under liability policies
399(1)
Insured's obligations where the insurer is in breach of its obligations
400(1)
Mitigation of loss
401(1)
Obligation to pay/reinstatement
401(1)
Loss payee
402(1)
Subrogation
402(1)
Reduction in recovery or indemnity
403(1)
Contribution clause
403(1)
Excess
403(1)
Average
403(1)
Insurance conduct of business rules
403(2)
Third Parties (Rights Against Insurers) Act 1930
405(2)
Chapter 31 Dispute Resolution 407(18)
The policy
407(1)
Mediation
408(2)
General
408(1)
Practicalities
409(1)
Costs
410(1)
QC clauses
410(2)
General
410(2)
Costs
412(1)
Arbitration
412(5)
General
412(1)
Stay for arbitration
412(1)
Confidentiality and privacy
413(1)
Procedure
413(1)
Joinder
414(1)
Expense
414(1)
Challenges to, appeals from and enforceability of awards
414(2)
Costs
416(1)
Litigation
417(2)
General
417(1)
Pre-action protocol
417(1)
County court versus High Court
417(1)
Part 7 and Part 8 procedure
417(1)
Costs
418(1)
Financial Services Ombudsman
419(6)
General
419(1)
Eligible complainants
420(1)
Time limits
420(1)
Jurisdiction challenges
420(1)
Approach of the FOS
421(1)
Remedies available from FOS
422(1)
Costs
423(2)
Appendix 1 Glossary 425(8)
Appendix 2 Insurance Slip 433(4)
Appendix 3 Diagram Of Contractual Relationships And Liabilities 437(2)
Appendix 4 JCT Standard Form Of Building Contract 2011 439(8)
Appendix 5 JCT Design And Build Contract 2011 447(8)
Appendix 6 JCT Intermediate Building Contract 2011 455(8)
Appendix 7 JCT Minor Works Building Contract 2011 463(4)
Appendix 8 JCT Major Project Construction Contract 2011 467(2)
Appendix 9 JCT Management Building Contract 2011 469(8)
Appendix 10 JCT Construction Management Appointment 2011 477(6)
Appendix 11 The New Engineering Contract/ECC (Third Edition) 483(2)
Appendix 12 FIDIC Conditions Of Contract For Construction (Red Book First Edition 1999) 485(6)
Appendix 13 FIDIC Turnkey Contract - Conditions Of Contract For EPC/turnkey Projects (Silver Book First Edition 1999) 491(6)
Appendix 14 FIDIC Plant And Design-Build Contract (Yellow Book First Edition 1999) 497(4)
Appendix 15 Conditions Of Subcontract For Construction - For Building And Engineering Works Designed By The Employer (2011) 501(12)
Appendix 16 I Mech/IEE MF/1 (Rev 6)/2014 513(4)
Appendix 17 Institution Of Chemical Engineers Lump Sum (Red Book) Contract 2013 517(4)
Appendix 18 Institution Of Chemical Engineers Reimbursable (Green Book) Contract 521(4)
Appendix 19 Other Insurance Policies 525(62)
Appendix 20 Latent Defects Insurance Policy 587(12)
Appendix 21 Latent Defects Insurance Proposal Form 599(4)
Appendix 22 Annex Guidance Note 603(16)
Index 619
Roger ter Haar QC is a silk at Crown Office Chambers, and is considered an expert in construction and insurance law.



Anna Laney is a junior barrister at Crown Office Chambers.
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