List of figures |
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viii | |
List of tables |
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x | |
Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
List of abbreviations |
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xv | |
Introduction |
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1 | (2) |
Part 1 Defining grammar and using corpora |
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3 | (58) |
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1 What is a corpus? What can a corpus tell us? |
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5 | (13) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3 Different types of corpora and good corpus design |
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6 | (2) |
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1.4 What a corpus can tell us |
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8 | (4) |
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1.5 The use of corpus linguistics in language description: dictionaries |
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12 | (1) |
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1.6 The use of corpus linguistics in language description: grammars |
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13 | (2) |
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1.7 What a corpus cannot tell us |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (2) |
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2 Definitions of a descriptive grammar |
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18 | (18) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (10) |
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2.4 What can a corpus tell us about grammar? |
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30 | (4) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (2) |
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3 What corpora can we access and what tools can we use to analyse them? |
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36 | (25) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (3) |
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3.3 Conducting a basic search |
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39 | (5) |
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3.4 Analysing open-access corpora |
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44 | (8) |
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3.5 Using open-access corpus analysis software |
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52 | (6) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (2) |
Part 2 Corpus linguistics for grammar: areas of investigation |
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61 | (58) |
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63 | (21) |
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63 | (1) |
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4.2 What does frequency look like in corpus data/how do you find it? |
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64 | (8) |
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4.3 What can frequency tell us about language use? |
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72 | (1) |
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4.4 Language use in specific texts |
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73 | (1) |
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4.5 The impact of text type on frequency |
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74 | (3) |
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4.6 Bringing the analysis together |
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77 | (3) |
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4.7 Limitations of frequency |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (20) |
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84 | (4) |
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5.2 Finding chunks in corpora |
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88 | (5) |
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5.3 Finding colligation patterns in corpora |
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93 | (1) |
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5.4 What can chunks and colligation tell us about language use? |
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94 | (4) |
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5.5 Bringing the analysis together |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (3) |
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104 | (15) |
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104 | (2) |
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6.2 Finding semantic prosody in corpora |
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106 | (2) |
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6.3 Finding further patterns of semantic prosody in corpora |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (1) |
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6.5 What can semantic prosody tell us about language use? |
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112 | (2) |
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6.6 Bringing the analysis together |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
Part 3 Applications of research |
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119 | (60) |
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7 Applications to English language teaching |
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121 | (18) |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (10) |
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7.3 Other uses of corpora: first language learning |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (3) |
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8 Wider applications: data-driven journalism and discourse analysis |
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139 | (18) |
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139 | (1) |
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8.2 Beginning an investigation |
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140 | (1) |
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8.3 Data-driven journalism and political speeches |
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141 | (9) |
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8.4 Intercultural discourse analysis |
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150 | (2) |
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8.5 Investigating 'hereby' in GloWbe |
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152 | (3) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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157 | (22) |
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157 | (1) |
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9.2 Sample study 1: Real and unreal conditionals in a general corpus |
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158 | (6) |
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9.3 Sample study 2: Corpus stylistics and Sherlock Holmes |
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164 | (6) |
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9.4 Sample study 3: Colloquial language: the use of 'bloody' in a blog corpus |
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170 | (6) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (3) |
Suggested answers |
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179 | (13) |
Glossary |
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192 | (4) |
Index |
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196 | |