| Preface |
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xi | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
| Frequently Used Abbreviations and Notations |
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xxiii | |
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Part I Early Cosmic Ray History |
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1 | (218) |
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3 | (4) |
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Chapter 1 Early Studies of Air Ionization Sources and the Discovery of Cosmic Rays |
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7 | (18) |
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Chapter 2 Early Studies of `High Altitude Radiation' and Proofs of its Extra-Terrestrial Origin |
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25 | (20) |
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Chapter 3 Early Studies of Primary and Secondary Cosmic Rays |
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45 | (18) |
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Chapter 4 Early Cosmic Ray Research in Stratosphere |
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63 | (12) |
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Chapter 5 Early Studies of Cosmic Ray Geomagnetic Effects |
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75 | (22) |
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Chapter 6 Discovery of Positrons in Cosmic Rays |
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97 | (10) |
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Chapter 7 Discovery and Early Studies of Cosmic Ray Showers |
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107 | (14) |
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Chapter 8 Discovery and Research of Muons in Cosmic Rays |
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121 | (14) |
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Chapter 9 Discovery and Research of Pions in Cosmic Rays |
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135 | (10) |
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Chapter 10 Discovery and Research of Nuclear Interactions of Cosmic Rays |
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145 | (14) |
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Chapter 11 Discovery in Cosmic Rays of Strange Elementary Particles |
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159 | (10) |
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Chapter 12 Discovery of Cosmic Ray Variations and the Beginning of CR Geophysics and CR Space Physics |
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169 | (18) |
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Chapter 13 Early Cosmic Ray Origin Theories and the Beginning of CR Astrophysics |
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187 | (20) |
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Chapter 14 Cosmic Rays as a Universal Phenomenon in the Universe and Main Aspects of CR Research |
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207 | (12) |
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Part II History of the Formation and Development of Experimental Basis for Cosmic Ray Research |
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219 | (80) |
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Chapter 15 History of Worldwide Networks of CR Observatories and CR Databases |
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221 | (6) |
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Chapter 16 History of World-Wide Network of Ionization Chambers |
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227 | (4) |
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Chapter 17 History of the World-Wide Muon Telescope Network |
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231 | (10) |
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Chapter 18 History of the World-Wide Neutron Monitor Network |
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241 | (20) |
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Chapter 19 History of the World-Wide Solar Neutron Telescope Network |
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261 | (6) |
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Chapter 20 History of Experiments for Researching Very High Energy CR |
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267 | (12) |
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Chapter 21 History of CR Experiments on Aircrafts and Balloons |
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279 | (10) |
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Chapter 22 History of CR Experiments on Rockets, Satellites and Space-Probes |
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289 | (10) |
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Part III History of Studies Using Cosmic Rays and Accelerators for Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics |
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299 | (72) |
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299 | (4) |
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Chapter 23 History of Direct Artificial Acceleration of Charged Particles |
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303 | (8) |
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Chapter 24 History of Indirect Artificial Acceleration: Linear Accelerators and Cyclotrons |
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311 | (8) |
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Chapter 25 History of Indirect Artificial Acceleration: The Betatron and Synchrotron |
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319 | (10) |
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Chapter 26 History of Synchrocyclotron, Synchrophasotron, Counter Bunches, and Colliders |
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329 | (16) |
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Chapter 27 History of Studies in Cosmic Rays and on Accelerators of Elementary Particle Physics |
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345 | (16) |
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Chapter 28 History of Studies in Cosmic Rays and on Accelerators for High Energy Physics |
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361 | (10) |
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Part IV History of Studies Influence of the Earth's Atmosphere and Atmospheric Processes on Cosmic Rays |
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371 | (144) |
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371 | (4) |
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Chapter 29 History of Studies of the Secondary Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere and Underground |
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375 | (16) |
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Chapter 30 History of Studies of the Connection of Primary and Secondary Cosmic Rays |
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391 | (28) |
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Chapter 31 Theory of CR Meteorological Effects: ID - Approximation |
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419 | (12) |
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Chapter 32 History of Experimental Studies of the CR Snow, Wind, and Barometric Effects |
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431 | (18) |
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Chapter 33 History of Experimental Studies of CR Temperature and Humidity Effects |
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449 | (14) |
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Chapter 34 History of Studies of the Atmospheric Electric Field Effects in Cosmic Rays |
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463 | (16) |
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Chapter 35 History of Development of the Theory of CR Meteorological Effects |
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479 | (10) |
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Chapter 36 History of CR Meteorological Effects Application to Latitude Survey Data Processing |
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489 | (14) |
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Chapter 37 History of Inverse Problem: Using CR Data for the Estimation of Atmospheric Conditions |
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503 | (12) |
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Part V History of Studies of Cosmic Ray Influence on the Earth's Atmosphere and Atmospheric Processes |
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515 | (114) |
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515 | (4) |
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Chapter 38 The History of Studies on Nuclear Reactions of CR and Production of Cosmogenic Nuclides |
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519 | (20) |
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Chapter 39 The History of Studies on Cosmic Ray Radiocarbon Coupling Functions and Elements Exchange |
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539 | (24) |
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Chapter 40 The History of Studies on CR Influence on Atmospheric Electric Field Phenomena |
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563 | (16) |
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Chapter 41 The History of Studies on CR Influence on the Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation |
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579 | (8) |
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Chapter 42 The History of Studies on CR Influence on Atmospheric Chemical Processes |
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587 | (14) |
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Chapter 43 The History of Studies on CR Influence on Cloud Covering and Earth's Climate |
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601 | (28) |
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Appendix. Histories on CR Stations and on CR Research in Different Countries |
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629 | (60) |
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Chapter A1 History of CR Research on Mountains |
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629 | (1) |
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Chapter A2 History on the Beginning of Solar Wind Theory and CR Modulation by Solar Wind |
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630 | (3) |
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Chapter A3 History of CR Detectors and Research during IGY |
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633 | (1) |
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Chapter A4 History of Armenia's CR Stations and Research |
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633 | (4) |
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Chapter A5 History of Australia's CR Stations and Research |
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637 | (5) |
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Chapter A6 History of Bolivia's Highest in the World CR Research Observatory at Mt. Chacaltaya |
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642 | (2) |
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Chapter A7 History of Bulgaria's CR Station and Research |
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644 | (3) |
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Chapter A8 History of Finland's Activity in CR Research |
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647 | (4) |
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Chapter A9 History of CR Variations Research in France |
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651 | (1) |
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Chapter A10 History of Greece's CR Station and Research |
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652 | (2) |
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Chapter A11 History of Italian CR Stations and CR Research |
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654 | (7) |
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Chapter A12 Kazakhstan: History of Tien-Shan Mountain CR Station and Research |
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661 | (3) |
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Chapter A13 History of Cosmic Ray Research in Mexico |
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664 | (3) |
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Chapter A14 Russia and Former USSR: History of Ground Based CR Stations and Studies of CR Variations |
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667 | (11) |
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Chapter A15 Russia and Former USSR: History of Long-Term CR Research on Radio-Balloons |
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678 | (1) |
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Chapter A16 Russia and Former USSR: History of CR Stations and CR Variations Research in Yakutia |
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679 | (3) |
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Chapter A17 History of CR Station and Research in Slovakia |
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682 | (2) |
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Chapter A18 History of Swiss NMs and CR Research at Jungfraujoch |
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684 | (5) |
| References for Appendix |
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689 | (18) |
| References for Books and Monographs |
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707 | (6) |
| Object Index |
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713 | (14) |
| Author Index |
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727 | |
