| Preface |
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xix | |
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SECTION 1 THE MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND THERAPY |
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PART 1 The Affective, Conceptual and Practice Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy |
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1 Understanding Resistance to Multicultural Training: Obstacles to Developing Cultural Competence |
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5 | (18) |
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Expections for the Course |
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6 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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Emotional Self-Revelations and Fears: Majority Group Members |
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8 | (2) |
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Emotional Invalidation Versus Affirmation: Marginalized Group Members |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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13 | (1) |
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Recognizing and Understanding Resistance to Multicultural Training |
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13 | (1) |
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Cognitive Resistance---Denial |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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Cultural Competence and Emotions |
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18 | (1) |
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Implications for Clinical Practice |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (3) |
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2 Multicultural Counseling and Therapy (MCT) |
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23 | (18) |
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23 | (2) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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25 | (1) |
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Culture-Universal (ETIC) Versus Culture-Specific (EMIC) Formulations |
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25 | (1) |
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Cultural Concepts of Distress |
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25 | (1) |
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Acknowledging Group Differences |
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26 | (1) |
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Being Aware of Collectivistic Cultures |
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26 | (1) |
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Attuning to Cultural and Clinical Clues |
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26 | (1) |
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Balancing the Culture-Specific and Culture-Universal Orientations |
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27 | (1) |
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The Nature of Multicultural Counseling Competence |
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27 | (1) |
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The Harm of Cultural Insensitivity |
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27 | (1) |
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Good Counseling is Culturally Responsive Counseling |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Understanding The Three Dimensions of Identity |
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28 | (1) |
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Individual Level: "All Individuals Are, in Some Respects, Like No Other Individuals" |
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29 | (1) |
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Group Level: "All Individuals Are, in Some Respects, Like Some Other Individuals" |
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30 | (1) |
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Universal Level: "All Individuals Are, in Some Respects, Like All Other Individuals" |
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30 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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31 | (1) |
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Individual and Universal Biases in Psychology and Mental Health |
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31 | (1) |
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The Impact of Group Identities on Counseling and Psychotherapy |
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32 | (1) |
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What is Multicultural Counseling and Therapy? |
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32 | (1) |
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What is Cultural Competence? |
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33 | (1) |
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Box 2.1 Multicultural Counseling Competencies |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Social Justice and Cultural Competence |
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36 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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36 | (1) |
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Implications for Clinical Practice |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (3) |
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3 Cultural Perspectives and Barriers: The Individual Interplay of Cultural Experiences |
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41 | (26) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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42 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Conventional Counseling |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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Verbal/Emotional/Behavioral Expressiveness |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Self-Disclosure, Openness, and Intimacy |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Distinctions Between Mental and Physical Functioning |
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50 | (1) |
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Patterns of Cultural Assumptions and Multicultural Family Counseling/Therapy |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Nature of People Dimension |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Class-Bound Values and Perspectives |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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The Damaging Impact of Poverty |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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Overgeneralizing and Stereotyping |
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58 | (1) |
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Implications for Clinical Practice |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (7) |
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PART 2 Sociopolitical and Social Justice Dimensions of Multicultural HbUS Counseling and Therapy |
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4 Microaggressions: Implications for Counseling and Psychotherapy |
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67 | (19) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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67 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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68 | (2) |
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Contemporary Forms of Oppression: Racism, Sexism & Heterosexism |
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70 | (1) |
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The Evolution of the "ISMS": Microaggressions |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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72 | (3) |
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The Dynamics and Dilemmas of Microaggressions |
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75 | (1) |
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Dilemma 1 The Clash of Sociodemographic Realities |
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75 | (1) |
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Dilemma 2 The Invisibility of Unintentional Expressions of Bias |
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76 | (1) |
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Dilemma 3 The Perceived Minimal Harm of Microaggressions |
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76 | (1) |
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Dilemma 4 The Catch-22 of Responding to Microaggressions |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (3) |
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Microinterventions: The New Therapeutic Frontier |
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80 | (2) |
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Implications for Clinical Practice |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (3) |
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5 Sociohistorical Privilege and Oppression: Implications for Counseling and Psychotherapy |
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86 | (27) |
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An Open Letter to Brothers and Sisters of Color |
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86 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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87 | (1) |
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Mental Health Practice and the Reproduction of Oppression |
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87 | (2) |
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Connecting the Dots Between Mental Health Practice and Social Justice: An Overview |
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89 | (2) |
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The Danger of a Single Story: Ethnocentric Monoculturalism |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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Understanding Ethnocentric Monoculturalism |
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92 | (2) |
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Historical Manifestations of Ethnocentric Monoculturalism |
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94 | (1) |
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Ethnocentric Monoculturalism, Sociohistorical Oppression, and Mental Health |
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95 | (1) |
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Ethnocentric Monoculturalism and Foundational Psychotherapeutic Theory |
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96 | (1) |
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Definitions of Mental Health |
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96 | (2) |
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Connections to the Counseling and Mental Health Literature |
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98 | (1) |
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Pathology and Persons of Color |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (1) |
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Ethnocentric Monoculturalism and Mental Health Practice: Psychotherapy as a Racial-Cultural Microcosm |
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100 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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101 | (1) |
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MCT as a Social Justice Approach to Mental Health Practice |
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102 | (2) |
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Social Justice Advocacy and Cultural Humility |
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104 | (1) |
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Implications for Clinical Practice |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (6) |
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PART 3 Racial, Ethnic, Cultural (REC) Attitudes in Multicultural Counseling and Therapy |
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6 Racial, Ethnic, Cultural (REC) Identity Attitudes in People of Color: Counseling Implications |
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113 | (17) |
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Case Study: Alejandro: Afro-Puerto |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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Just American to Puerto Rican/Afro-Latino |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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The Internal Struggle for Identity |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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REC Identity Attitude Models |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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William E. Cross' Nigrescence Model: Foundational Theory |
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115 | (2) |
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A General Model of Rec Identity |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Resistance and Immersion Status |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (2) |
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Integrative Awareness Status |
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123 | (1) |
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Counseling Implications of the R/CID Model |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Resistance and Immersion Status |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Integrative Awareness Status |
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126 | (1) |
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Value of a General Rec Identity Framework |
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126 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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127 | (1) |
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Implications for Clinical Practice |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
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7 White Racial Consciousness: Implications for Counseling and Psychotherapy |
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130 | (19) |
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Whiteness and Multicultural Counseling |
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130 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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131 | (1) |
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Steps Toward an Understanding of Whiteness and White Identity |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (2) |
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Models of White Racial Identity Development |
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135 | (1) |
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The Hardiman White Racial Identity Development Model |
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135 | (1) |
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The Helms White Racial Identity Development Model |
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136 | (1) |
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A Descriptive Model of White Identity: Seven Positions |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (2) |
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An Antiracist White Identity |
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141 | (1) |
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White Antiracist Identifications |
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142 | (1) |
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Principles of Prejudice Reduction |
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143 | (1) |
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Principle 1 Learn About People of Color From Sources Within the Group |
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143 | (1) |
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Principle 2 Learn From the Examples of Healthy and Strong People of the Culture |
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144 | (1) |
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Principle 3 Learn From Experiential Reality |
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144 | (1) |
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Principle 4 Learn From Constant Vigilance of Your Biases and Fears |
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144 | (1) |
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Principle 5 Learn From Being Committed to Personal Action Against Racism |
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144 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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145 | (1) |
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Implications for Clinical Practice |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (3) |
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8 Multicultural Counseling Competence and Cultural Humility for People of Color Counselors and Therapists |
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149 | (22) |
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Interracial And Interethnic Biases |
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150 | (1) |
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Impact On Interracial Counseling Relationships |
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150 | (1) |
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Racial Stereotypes Held by People of Color |
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150 | (1) |
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The Who-Is-More-Oppressed Game |
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151 | (1) |
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Interracial and Interethnic Counseling |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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152 | (1) |
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The Politics of Interracial and Interethnic Bias and Discrimination |
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153 | (1) |
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The Political Relationships Between Groups of Color |
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154 | (1) |
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African Americans and Asian Americans |
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154 | (1) |
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Asian Americans and Latinx Americans |
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155 | (1) |
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Latinx Americans and African Americans |
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155 | (1) |
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American Indians and Black, Latinx, and Asian Americans |
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156 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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156 | (1) |
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Within Group Differences Among Racial/Ethnic Groups |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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Issues Regarding Stage of Ethnic Identity |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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Counselors of Color and Dyadic Combinations |
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158 | (1) |
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Challenges Associated with Counselor of Color and White Client Dyads |
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159 | (1) |
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Situation 1 Challenging the Competency of Counselors of Color |
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159 | (1) |
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Situation 2 Needing to Prove Competence |
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159 | (1) |
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Situation 3 Transferring Racial Animosity toward White Clients |
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160 | (1) |
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Situation 4 Viewing the Counselor of Color as a Super Minority Counselor |
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160 | (1) |
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Situation 5 Dealing with Client Expressions of Racism |
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161 | (1) |
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Challenges Associated with Counselor of Color and Client of Color Dyads |
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162 | (1) |
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Situation 1 Overidentifying with the Client |
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162 | (1) |
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Situation 2 Encountering Clashes in Cultural Values |
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162 | (1) |
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Situation 3 Experiencing Clashes in Communication and Counseling Styles |
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163 | (1) |
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Situation 4 Receiving and Expressing Racial Animosity |
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164 | (1) |
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Situation 5 Dealing with the Racial Identity Status of Counselors and Clients |
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164 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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165 | (1) |
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Implications for Clinical Practice |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (5) |
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PART 4 Western and Non-Western Perspectives in Counseling and Therapy |
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9 Multicultural Evidence-Based Practice |
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171 | (17) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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172 | (1) |
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Empirically-Supported Therapies (ESTs) |
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172 | (3) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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175 | (1) |
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Empirically Supported Relationships (ESRs) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (2) |
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Emotional or Interpersonal Bond |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Positive Regard, Respect, Warmth, and Genuineness |
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179 | (1) |
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Therapist Self-Disclosure |
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180 | (1) |
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Management of Countertransference |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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181 | (1) |
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Evidence-Based Practice and Diversity Issues in Counseling |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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183 | (1) |
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Implications for Clinical Practice |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (3) |
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10 Indigenous and Cultural Methods of Healing Among People of Color: Implications for Multicultural Counseling and Therapy (MCT) |
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188 | (19) |
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Worldviews and Cultural Concepts of Distress |
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189 | (1) |
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The Shaman and Traditional Healer as Therapist: Commonalities |
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190 | (1) |
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Case Study: The Nguyen Family |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (1) |
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The Principles of Indigenous Healing |
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193 | (1) |
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Holistic Outlook, Interconnectedness, and Harmony |
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194 | (1) |
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Belief in Metaphysical Levels of Existence |
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194 | (1) |
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Acceptance of Spirituality in Life and the Cosmos |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (1) |
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Reflection and Discussion Questions |
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198 | (1) |
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Radical Healing Among People of Color |
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198 | (1) |
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Examples of Healing Practices Among People of Color |
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199 | (1) |
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Implications for Clinical Practice |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (6) |
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PART 5 Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment Issues in Multicultural Counseling and Therapy |
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11 Culturally Competent Assessment |
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207 | (18) |
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Therapist Variables Affecting Diagnosis |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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Cultural Competence and Preventing Diagnostic Errors |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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Culturally Responsive or Multicultural Skills |
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211 | (1) |
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Contextual and Collaborative Assessment |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Principles of Collaborative Conceptualization |
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213 | (1) |
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Infusing Cultural Relevance into Standard Clinical Assessments |
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214 | (1) |
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Cultural Formulation Interview |
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214 | (1) |
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Culturally Sensitive Intake Interview |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (2) |
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Implications for Clinical Practice |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (6) |
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SECTION 2 MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND SPECIFIC POPULATIONS |
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PART 6 Counseling and Therapy with Racial/Ethnic Group Populations |
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12 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: African Americans |
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225 | (14) |
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226 | (1) |
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Strengths and Resiliences |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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Religion and Spirituality |
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227 | (1) |
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Resourcefulness and Resilience |
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228 | (1) |
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Positive Racial-Ethnic Identity or Racial Pride |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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Racism and Discrimination |
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228 | (1) |
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Racial Socialization: When, What, and How to Discuss Racism |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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Challenges for Black Women |
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230 | (1) |
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Counseling and Applied Considerations |
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230 | (1) |
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Case Studies: Johnny: When Extra Familial Help Causes Disruption |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (4) |
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13 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: American Indians/Native | Americans and Alaskan Natives |
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239 | (13) |
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240 | (1) |
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Strengths and Resliencies |
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241 | (1) |
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Tribal Community Structure and Relationships |
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242 | (1) |
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Family Structure and Relationships |
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242 | (1) |
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Cultural and Spiritual Values |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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Alcohol and Substance Abuse |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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Implications for Clinical Practice |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (3) |
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14 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders |
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252 | (14) |
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Characteristics and Strengths |
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253 | (1) |
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Asian Americans: A Success Story? |
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253 | (2) |
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255 | (1) |
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Collectivistic Orientation |
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255 | (1) |
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Hierarchical Relationships |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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Holistic View on Mind and Body |
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257 | (1) |
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Academic and Occupational Goal Orientation |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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Racial-Ethnic-Cultural Identity and Conflict |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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Expectations Regarding Counseling |
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260 | (1) |
|
Racism and Discrimination |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
Implications for Clinical Practice |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
|
|
263 | (3) |
|
15 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Latinx Communities |
|
|
266 | (14) |
|
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
Family and Interpersonal Relationships |
|
|
267 | (2) |
|
Religion and Spirituality |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
Additional Cultural Strengths |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
Xenophobia, Discrimination, and Ethno-Racial Trauma |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
Stigma Associated with Mental Illness |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Acculturation and Acculturative Stress |
|
|
272 | (2) |
|
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
Implications for Clinical Practice |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (3) |
|
16 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Multiracial Americans |
|
|
280 | (13) |
|
Characteristics and Strengths |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Multiracial Population in the United States |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
The "One Drop of Blood" Rule |
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
Racial/Ethnic Ambiguity and Multiracial Identity Socialization: "What Are You?" |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
Intermarriage, Stereotypes, and Myths |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
Discrimination, Racism, and Microaggressions |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
Racial Identity Invalidation |
|
|
286 | (2) |
|
A Multiracial Bill of Rights |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
Implications for Clinical Practice |
|
|
288 | (2) |
|
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
|
|
290 | (3) |
|
17 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Arab Americans |
|
|
293 | (10) |
|
Demographic Characteristics |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Strengths and Resiliencies |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Counseling and Applied Considerations |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
|
298 | (5) |
|
PART 7 Counseling and Therapy with Other Multicultural Populations |
|
|
|
18 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Marginalized Religious Communities |
|
|
303 | (13) |
|
Counseling Contexts: Jewish Americans |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
Characteristics and Strengths |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
Spiritual and Religious Values |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
Gender-Related Considerations |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
Prejudice and Discrimination |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
Counseling and Applied Considerations |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
Counseling Contexts: Muslim Americans |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
Characteristics and Strengths |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
Spiritual and Religious Values |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
Gender-Related Considerations |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
Counseling and Applied Considerations |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Marginalized Religious Communities: A Clinical Checklist |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
|
|
313 | (3) |
|
19 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Immigrants and Refugees |
|
|
316 | (12) |
|
Demographic Characteristics |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Gender Issues and Domestic Violence |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
Refugee Issues and Coping with Loss |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
Strengths and Resiliencies |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
Counseling and Applied Considerations |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
Barriers to Seeking Treatment |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
Linguistic and Communication Issues |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
Effects of Past Persecution, Torture, or Trauma |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
|
326 | (2) |
|
20 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: LGBTQ Communities |
|
|
328 | (15) |
|
Characteristics and Strengths |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
LGBTQ Couples and Families |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
Prejudice, Discrimination, and Misconceptions |
|
|
334 | (2) |
|
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
Implications for Clinical Practice |
|
|
337 | (2) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (4) |
|
21 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Older Adults |
|
|
343 | (12) |
|
Demographic Characteristics |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Strengths and Resiliencies |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Counseling and Applied Considerations |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Social Isolation, Depression, and Suicide |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
The Benefits of Counseling and Therapy for Older Adults |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
|
352 | (3) |
|
22 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Women |
|
|
355 | (14) |
|
Demographic Characteristics |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
Organizational and Workplace Bias |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Sexual Objectification and Its Sequellae |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Social Pressure Toward Unrealistic Body Ideals |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Strengths and Resiliencies |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Counseling and Applied Considerations |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
Gender Bias and Conventional Practices |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Addressing Harassment and Violence |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Educational and Vocational Issues |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (4) |
|
23 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Individuals Living in Poverty |
|
|
369 | (11) |
|
Demographic Characteristics |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Disparities in the Judicial System |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Classism and the Minimum Wage |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Strengths and Resiliencies |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Counseling and Applied Considerations |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
|
375 | (2) |
|
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
|
377 | (3) |
|
24 Multicultural Counseling Contexts: Individuals with Disabilities |
|
|
380 | |
|
Demographic Characteristics |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Prejudice and Discrimination |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Strengths and Resiliencies |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Counseling and Applied Considerations |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Sexuality and Reproduction |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Spirituality and Religiosity |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Environmental and Social Justice Issues |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Counselors' Attitudes When Clients have Disabilities |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (2) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | |
| Index |
|
1 | |
Daugiau apie elektronines knygas