Foreword |
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ix | |
Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
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1 | (14) |
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Who Invented the Six Traits? |
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2 | (3) |
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Assessing to Learn: The Bridge to Revision |
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5 | (1) |
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Ten Reasons to Make Six-Trait Writing Part of Your Instruction |
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6 | (6) |
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Building a Personal Vision |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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13 | (2) |
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Creating Assessment to Match the Vision |
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15 | (22) |
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Keys to Quality Assessment |
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16 | (9) |
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Holistic 6-Trait Scale (Figure 2.3) |
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20 | (2) |
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Horizontal and Vertical Integrity (Figure 2.4) |
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22 | (3) |
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Large-Scale and Classroom Assessment: Lessons from Two Perspectives |
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25 | (1) |
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Lessons Learned from Large-Scale Assessment |
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26 | (6) |
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A Few Good Prompts (Figure 2.5) |
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28 | (1) |
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Barry's Prompts (Figure 2.6) |
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29 | (1) |
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Rules of the Road for Writing Prompts (Figure 2.7) |
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30 | (1) |
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Twelve Tips for Succeeding on Writing Tests (Figure 2.8) |
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31 | (1) |
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Lessons Learned from Classroom Assessment |
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32 | (3) |
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35 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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35 | (2) |
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Warming Up---and Scoring Well |
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37 | (22) |
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What Makes Writing Work (Figures 3.1 and 3.2) |
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38 | (1) |
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Building a Community of Writers |
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39 | (3) |
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The Redwoods (Figure 3.3) |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (1) |
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What Teachers Value in Writing |
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42 | (5) |
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What Teachers Value in Writing (Figure 3.5) |
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43 | (1) |
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Teacher Six-Point Writing Guide (Figure 3.6) |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (2) |
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Getting Ready to Score Papers |
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49 | (1) |
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Suggested Scores and Comments |
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50 | (2) |
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Scoring Grid Master (Figure 3.7) |
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50 | (2) |
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Making Your Scoring Consistent |
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52 | (5) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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57 | (2) |
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Building a Foundation: Ideas and Organization |
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59 | (26) |
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Ideas: The Heart of It All |
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60 | (1) |
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Ideas ``Shortie'' (Figure 4.1) |
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67 | |
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61 | (3) |
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Paper 1: Making Decisions (Expository, Grade 8) |
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62 | (1) |
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Paper 2: Harder Than You Think (Personal Essay, Grade 10) |
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63 | (1) |
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Organization: Showcasing It |
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64 | (1) |
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Organization ``Shortie'' (Figure 4.2) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (3) |
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Paper 3: Some Cartoons Are Violent! (Persuasive, Grade 3) |
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66 | (1) |
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Paper 4: The Baseball (Narrative, Grade 5) |
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67 | (1) |
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Looking At Additional Papers |
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68 | (15) |
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Paper 5: Unscripted Television: Enjoy It While You Can (Persuasive, Middle School) |
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68 | (2) |
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Paper 6: Einstein (Informational, Grade 5) |
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70 | (1) |
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Paper 7: Writing Today (Persuasive, Grade 9) |
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71 | (2) |
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Paper 8: A Great Book (Literary Analysis, Grade 8) |
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73 | (1) |
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Paper 9: Writing Is Important (Expository, Grade 11) |
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74 | (1) |
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Paper 10: Under the Knife (Expository, Grade 12) |
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75 | (2) |
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Paper 11: Be Happy With What You Have (Literary Analysis, Grade 3) |
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77 | (1) |
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Paper 12: How to Be a Good Driver (Expository, Grade 12) |
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78 | (1) |
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Paper 13: The Funeral of My OREO (Narrative, Grade 4) |
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79 | (1) |
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Paper 14: Computing Batting Averages (Expository, Grade 6) |
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80 | (2) |
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Paper 15: Cats or Dogs (Persuasive, Grade 6) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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83 | (2) |
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Adding Flavor: Voice, Word Choice, and Sentence Fluency |
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85 | (28) |
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Voice: Fingerprints on the Page |
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86 | (1) |
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Voice ``Shortie'' (Figure 5.1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (4) |
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Books (From Which) You'll Love Reading Aloud (Figure 5.2) |
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88 | (1) |
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Paper 1: Why You Need a Job (Persuasive, Grade 9) |
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89 | (1) |
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Paper 2: Zeena and the Marshmallows (Persuasive, Grade 5) |
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90 | (1) |
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Word Choice: The Bridge from Message to Voice |
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91 | (3) |
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Word Choice ``Shortie'' (Figure 5.3) |
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91 | (1) |
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Paper 3: Chad (Descriptive, Grade 3) |
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92 | (1) |
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Paper 4: Pets Are Forever (Informational, Grade 8) |
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93 | (1) |
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Sentence Fluency: Variety and Rhythm |
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94 | (4) |
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Sentence Fluency ``Shortie'' (Figure 5.4) |
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94 | (1) |
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Paper 5: A Rescue (Narrative, Grade 4) |
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95 | (1) |
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Paper 6: The Mysteries of Birds of Prey (Informational, Grade 5) |
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96 | (2) |
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Looking at Additional Papers |
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98 | (13) |
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Paper 7: A Sunflower Seed (Expository/Reflective, Grade 5) |
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98 | (1) |
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Paper 8: Reflecting on Saba and History (Memoir, Grade 7) |
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99 | (3) |
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Paper 9: Reflections on Writing (Personal Essay, Grade 12) |
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102 | (1) |
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Paper 10: Fishing (Narrative/Expository, Grade 11) |
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102 | (2) |
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Paper 11: Review of Exploring the Weather (Literary Review, Grade 8) |
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104 | (1) |
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Paper 12: You Whant to Be My Friend? (Personal Essay, Grade 3) |
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105 | (1) |
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Paper 13: Homeless (Narrative/Memoir, Grade 6) |
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106 | (1) |
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Paper 14: Movies and Books: A Comparison (Comparative Analysis, Grade 8) |
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107 | (2) |
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Paper 15: Why I Write (Expository, Grade 7) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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111 | (2) |
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Framing the Picture: Conventions and Presentation |
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113 | (24) |
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Conventions and Presentation: Editing and Framing |
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114 | (1) |
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Conventions ``Shortie'' (Figure 6.1) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (4) |
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Paper 1: Haircut from Hell (Narrative/Imaginative, Grade 6) |
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117 | (1) |
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Paper 2: The Ritual of Sticks and Rocks (Imaginative, Grade 6) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (3) |
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Putting All Traits Together |
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122 | (13) |
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Paper 3: File Sharing Is Not the Spawn of Satan (Persuasive/Expository Grade 12) |
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122 | (2) |
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Paper 4: A Beautiful Dream (Memoir, Grade 12) |
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124 | (2) |
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Paper 5: A Strange Visiter (Narrative/Imaginative, Grade 5) |
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126 | (1) |
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Paper 6: The Day My Grandfather Died (Narrative, Grade 4) |
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127 | (1) |
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Paper 7: Let a Non-Natural-Born Citizen Be President (Persuasive, Grade 7) |
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128 | (1) |
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Paper 8: Computer Blues (Narrative, Grade 12) |
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129 | (2) |
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Paper 9: The Pirate Ship (Descriptive, Grade 5) |
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131 | (1) |
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Paper 10: The Woman a.k.a. the P.B. J. (Persuasive/Expository, Grade 12) |
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132 | (2) |
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Paper 11: A Collaboration of Thoughts on Art (Essay, Grade 10) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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135 | (2) |
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Using Traits to Support Writing Process |
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137 | (16) |
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Learning Process from the Inside Out |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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Connecting Traits to Process |
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139 | (1) |
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Important Things to Model for Students (Figure 7.1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Experience: Where Ideas Come From |
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140 | (3) |
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Traits Supporting Process (Figure 7.2) |
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141 | (2) |
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Prewriting/Rehearsing: Giving Shape to the Ideas We've Chosen |
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143 | (2) |
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Webbing Example (Figure 7.3) |
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143 | (1) |
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Listeners' Questions (Figure 7.4) |
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144 | (1) |
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Sally's Life Map (Figure 7.5) |
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144 | (1) |
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Drafting: Going From Beginning to End |
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145 | (1) |
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Sharing Your Voice with an Audience |
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146 | (1) |
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Revising: Letting the Traits Shine |
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147 | (2) |
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Editing: Making the Reader Feel ``At Home'' in Your Text |
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149 | (1) |
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Publishing: Honoring and Preserving Writing |
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150 | (1) |
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Assessing: For Students, the First Step in Revising |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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151 | (2) |
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Unlocking the Door to Revision |
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153 | (56) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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Guess What? You're Already Doing it... |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (13) |
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Key 1: Surround Students with Writers' Language |
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158 | (1) |
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Key 2: Teach Students to Assess Writing |
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158 | (1) |
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Student Six-Point ``Leap the River'' Writing Guide (Figure 8.1) |
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159 | (6) |
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Student Checklist (Figure 8.2) |
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165 | (1) |
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Simple Checklist (Figure 8.3) |
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166 | (2) |
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Key 3: Call on Literary Mentors for Examples |
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168 | (2) |
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Key 4: Use Focused Lessons and Strategies to Build Skills |
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170 | (1) |
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Planning Lessons (Figure 8.5) |
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171 | (1) |
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Lessons and Strategies for Ideas |
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171 | (6) |
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Sensory Details Chart (Figure 8.7) |
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174 | (3) |
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Lessons and Strategies for Organization |
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177 | (4) |
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Out-of-Order Lines from Sneed B. Collard's The Deep-Sea Floor (Figure 8.10) |
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179 | (2) |
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Lessons and Strategies for Voice |
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181 | (6) |
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Lessons and Strategies for Word Choice |
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187 | (3) |
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Lessons and Strategies for Sentence Fluency |
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190 | (7) |
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Lessons and Strategies for Conventions |
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197 | (7) |
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Copy Editors' Symbols (Figure 8.25) |
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198 | (1) |
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Copy Editors' Symbols for Young Writers (Figure 8.26) |
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199 | (5) |
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A Message for Parents and Other Caregivers |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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204 | (5) |
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What to Tell Parents about Conventions (Figure 8.29) |
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205 | (4) |
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Troubleshooting: Dealing with Common Writing; Problems |
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209 | (40) |
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210 | (4) |
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Nonfiction Read-Alouds (Figure 9.2) |
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212 | (2) |
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Problems with Organization |
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214 | (7) |
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Informational ``Map'' on Nutrition (Figure 9.5) |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (5) |
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Problems with Word Choice |
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226 | (3) |
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227 | (2) |
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Problems with Sentence Fluency |
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229 | (4) |
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Problems with Conventions |
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233 | (2) |
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Sample Style Sheet (Figure 9.9) |
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234 | (1) |
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Helping Challenged/Beginning Writers |
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235 | (4) |
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For Students Who Need a Challenge |
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239 | (7) |
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Plan for Revision (Figure 9.14) |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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247 | (2) |
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Listening to Teachers' Voices |
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249 | (20) |
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In Elaine's Self-Contained Sixth Grade Classroom |
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250 | (1) |
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In Jim's High School Classroom |
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251 | (2) |
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Writing Coach Checklist (Figure 10.1) |
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252 | (1) |
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In Billie's Seventh Grade Classroom |
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253 | (3) |
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Reading, Traits, and Connections (Figure 10.2) |
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255 | (1) |
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In Ellen's AP English Classroom |
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256 | (1) |
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In Judy's Third Grade Classroom |
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257 | (2) |
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In Barbara's Middle School Classroom |
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259 | (1) |
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In Andrea's Multi-Age Second-Language Classroom |
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260 | (2) |
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Thoughts, Feelings, Actions (Figure 10.5) |
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262 | (1) |
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In Sue's Elementary Art-Based Classroom |
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262 | (3) |
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In Sammie's ``Tiger Learning Center'' |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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267 | (2) |
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269 | (38) |
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Teacher Six-Point Informational Writing Guide (Figure 11.1) |
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271 | (3) |
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Student Six-Point Informational Writing Guide (Figure 11.2) |
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274 | (3) |
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277 | (27) |
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Paper 1: Black Widows (Informational, Grade 3) |
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277 | (1) |
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Paper 2: Bears in the Wild (Informational, Grade 4) |
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278 | (2) |
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Paper 3: Thomas Alva Edison: Wizard of Menlo Park (Informational, Grade 5) |
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280 | (1) |
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Paper 4: Driving Tests Should Be Harder (Persuasive, Grade 7) |
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281 | (2) |
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Paper 5: Humboldt Penguins (Informational, Grade 9) |
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283 | (2) |
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Paper 6: The Middle Ages (Informational, Grade 7) |
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285 | (1) |
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Paper 7: Life in the Middle Ages (Informational, Grade 9) |
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286 | (2) |
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Paper 8: Solar Energy (Informational, Grade 9) |
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288 | (2) |
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Paper 9: Kill Measurement 34---Now! (Persuasive, Grade 8) |
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290 | (2) |
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Paper 10: The Violin (Informational, Grade 10) |
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292 | (1) |
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Paper 11: Libraries (Informational, Grade 9) |
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293 | (2) |
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Paper 12: Expanded Definition: Resonance (Technical, College) |
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295 | (2) |
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Paper 13: Pablo Picasso (Informational, Grade 7) |
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297 | (1) |
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Paper 14: Desert Tortoise (Informational, Grade 7) |
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298 | (2) |
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Paper 15: The Chameleon (Informational, Grade 4) |
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300 | (2) |
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Paper 16: The Giant Panda (Informational, Grade 4) |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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305 | (2) |
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Exploring the World of Beginning Writers |
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307 | (42) |
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Teaching Ourselves What to Look For |
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308 | (1) |
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Paper I: Bat and Spider (Age 4) |
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309 | (1) |
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Paper 2: Mike's Note (Age 4) |
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309 | (1) |
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Helping Writers See Their Strengths |
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309 | (1) |
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How the Traits Look Early On |
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310 | (2) |
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Ideas for Teaching Traits to Beginners |
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312 | (13) |
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Paper 3: Clouds (Grade 2) |
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312 | (1) |
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Paper 4: Sam Is My Friend (Grade 1) |
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313 | (1) |
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Paper 5: My Favorite Brother Is Nick (Grade 1) |
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313 | (1) |
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Paper 6: I Like My Library (Grade 1) |
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314 | (1) |
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Paper 7: Catdog Shopping (Grade 1) |
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315 | (1) |
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Paper 8: Mason's First Book (Kindergarten) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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Paper 10: Dear Tooth Fairy ((Wade 2) |
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317 | (1) |
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Paper 11: Jamey the Cat (Grade 2) |
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317 | (1) |
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Paper 12: Brad's Pyramid (Grade 2) |
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318 | (1) |
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Paper 13: Mr. Bear Is Loving (Kindergarten) |
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319 | (1) |
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Paper 14: My Grocery List (Kindergarten) |
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319 | (1) |
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Paper 15: My To-Do List (Kindergarten) |
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319 | (1) |
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Paper 16: My Winter Vacation (Grade 2) |
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320 | (1) |
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Thinking Like a Writer Posters (Figure 12.1) |
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321 | (4) |
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Favorite Books for Primary |
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325 | (13) |
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Paper 17: Guess Why I Like School? (Grade 1) |
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330 | (1) |
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Paper 18: My Dog (Anonymous) |
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331 | (3) |
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Paper 19: Dictated Story About the Coyote (Grade 2) |
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334 | (1) |
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Simple Editing Checklist for Primary Students (Figure 12.3) |
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335 | (1) |
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Advanced Editing Checklist for Primary Students (Figure 12.4) |
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335 | (1) |
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Copy Editors' Symbols for Beginning Writers (Figure 12.6) |
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336 | (2) |
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Use Continuums to Chart Growth |
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338 | (7) |
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Primary Continuums (Figure 12.9) |
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339 | (6) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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346 | (3) |
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Communicating with Students |
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349 | (24) |
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350 | (5) |
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355 | (2) |
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Two-Minute Conference Topics (Figure 13.2) |
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356 | (1) |
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... Through Peer Response Groups |
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357 | (3) |
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360 | (8) |
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Scores for Chris on Five Assignments (Figure 13.5) |
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367 | (1) |
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... Through Communication with Parents and Other Caregivers |
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368 | (2) |
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370 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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370 | (3) |
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373 | (9) |
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382 | (29) |
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Appendix 1 Teacher Three-Level Writing Guide (Adaptable to 5- or 6-Point) |
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382 | (3) |
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Appendix 2 Student Three-Level Writing Guide (Adaptable to 5- or 6-Point) |
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385 | (3) |
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Appendix 3 Student ``Leap the River'' Writing Guide in Spanish |
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388 | (6) |
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Appendix 4 Student Checklist in Spanish |
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394 | (1) |
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Appendix 5 Trait ``Shorties'' in Spanish |
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395 | (2) |
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Appendix 6 Student Checklists (and Simplified Checklists) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (1) |
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Appendix 7 Teacher Three-Level Informational Writing Guide (Adaptable to 5- or 6-Point) |
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401 | (3) |
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Appendix 8 Student Three-Level Informational Writing Guide (Adaptable to 5- or 6-Point) |
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404 | (3) |
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Appendix 9 Sample Correlations |
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407 | (3) |
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Appendix 10 Blank Master of Lesson Planning Chart (Figure 8.5) |
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410 | (1) |
References |
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411 | (4) |
Index |
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415 | |