About the Author |
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xiv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
To Professors Using This Book |
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xvii | |
General Introduction |
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1 | (11) |
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Why a "Critical" Introduction? |
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2 | (4) |
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6 | (1) |
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The Politics of Justice and the War Over Policing |
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7 | (2) |
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The Structure of This Book |
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9 | (1) |
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A Comment About Terminology |
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9 | (3) |
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Chapter 1 Defining, Classifying, and Measuring Crime |
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12 | (28) |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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Legal Definitions of Crime |
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18 | (1) |
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Moral Definitions of Crime |
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19 | (2) |
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Sociological Definitions of Crime |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Classification Based on the Victim |
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24 | (1) |
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Crimes Against the Person |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Crimes Against Public Order |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Other Ways to Classify Crime |
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26 | (2) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (1) |
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Perpetrator Self-Report Studies |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (3) |
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The Politics of Crime Data |
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36 | (4) |
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40 | (22) |
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42 | (1) |
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Criminal Law and Common Law |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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The "Ingredients" (Elements) of Crime |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (4) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (4) |
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62 | (30) |
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Perspectives on the Crime Problem |
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63 | (3) |
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Religious Approaches to Crime |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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Psychological Criminology |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Differential Association Theory/Social Learning Theory |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (1) |
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Emile Durkheim and Strain Theory |
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80 | (3) |
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Social Disorganization Theory and the Chicago School |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (2) |
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Hirschi's Social Control Theory |
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87 | (1) |
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The Crime Drop: Applied Criminology? |
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88 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Crime and Inequality |
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92 | (26) |
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Economic Inequality and Crime |
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93 | (3) |
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Racial Inequality and Crime |
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96 | (7) |
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Gender Inequality and Crime |
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103 | (4) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (2) |
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Green Criminology, Queer Criminology, and Postmodernism |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 The Nature and History of Policing |
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118 | (34) |
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Distinctions in American Policing |
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120 | (1) |
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Policing as a Verb Versus Police as a Noun |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Providing Public Assistance |
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122 | (1) |
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Active Versus Passive Policing |
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122 | (2) |
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Formal Versus Informal Policing |
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124 | (1) |
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Policing From a Critical Perspective |
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125 | (3) |
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The Rise of the London Metropolitan Police |
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128 | (2) |
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Sir Robert Peel's Nine Points of Policing |
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130 | (1) |
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Policing on the Continent: The Case of France |
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131 | (2) |
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Policing in America: The Early Years |
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133 | (2) |
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The Era of Cronyism and Patronage |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (3) |
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139 | (4) |
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The 1960s and Their Aftermath |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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Community Policing and Broken Windows |
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145 | (1) |
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The Homeland Security Era and Beyond |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (4) |
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Chapter 6 Modern Policing |
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152 | (28) |
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The Organization of Policing |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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State Police and Highway Patrol |
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154 | (1) |
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Investigators IDetectivesI |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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Department of Homeland Security |
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157 | (1) |
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Department of the Treasury |
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157 | (1) |
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A Typical Police Officer's Day |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (2) |
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Legal Restrictions on Lethal Force |
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162 | (1) |
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The Constitution and the Police: The Fourth Amendment |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (3) |
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Technology and the Fourth Amendment |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (3) |
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171 | (4) |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 Police Deviance |
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180 | (26) |
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Police Deviance in Context |
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182 | (2) |
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Overenthusiastic Policing |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (3) |
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190 | (1) |
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Frank Serpico and the Knapp Commission |
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191 | (2) |
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The Causes of Police Deviance |
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193 | (3) |
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196 | (5) |
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201 | (5) |
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PART III COURTS AND TRIALS |
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206 | (24) |
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The Purpose(s) of the Trial |
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208 | (3) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (6) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (3) |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (3) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Criminal Trials |
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230 | (30) |
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231 | (1) |
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Municipal Courts and the Right to Counsel |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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Grand Juries and Preliminary Hearings |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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Exculpatory Versus Inculpatory Evidence |
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239 | (1) |
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Direct Versus Circumstantial Evidence |
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240 | (1) |
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Probative and Prejudicial Evidence |
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240 | (1) |
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Testimony Versus Physical Evidence |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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Jury Instructions, Deliberation, and Verdict |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (3) |
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Appeals and Appellate Courts |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (3) |
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252 | (3) |
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Politics and Constitutional Interpretation |
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255 | (1) |
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Theories of Constitutional Interpretation |
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256 | (4) |
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PART IV CORRECTIONS AND SPECIAL TOPICS |
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Chapter 10 The Theory and History of Punishment |
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260 | (28) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Philosophies of Punishment Shape Outcomes |
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264 | (1) |
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The History of Punishment |
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265 | (1) |
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Premodern Forms of Punishment |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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The Reasons for Early Punishments |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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Early Philadelphia Prisons |
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270 | (2) |
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Prison Labor and Indeterminate Sentencing |
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272 | (3) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (3) |
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The Prison-Industrial Complex |
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279 | (2) |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (5) |
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288 | (24) |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (2) |
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294 | (1) |
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Other Types of Prisons (Jails Versus Prisons) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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Other Correctional Professionals |
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297 | (1) |
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Life in Prison, the Inmate Code |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (2) |
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302 | (3) |
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The Rights of the Incarcerated |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (4) |
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Chapter 12 Alternatives to Prison |
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312 | (22) |
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The Collateral Effects of Incarceration |
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313 | (2) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (2) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (2) |
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322 | (2) |
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Sex Offenses and Criminal Punishment |
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324 | (3) |
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Alternative Incarcerations |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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Holding Suspected Terrorists in Guantanamo Bay |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (5) |
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Chapter 13 The Death Penalty |
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334 | (22) |
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The History of the Death Penalty |
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336 | (4) |
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The Death Penalty and the Constitution |
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340 | (3) |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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Atkins v. Virginia I2002I |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (2) |
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Other Developments in the Death Penalty |
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348 | (1) |
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Innocence Projects and DNA Evidence |
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348 | (2) |
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350 | (1) |
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American Culture and the Death Penalty |
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350 | (6) |
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Chapter 14 Juvenile Justice |
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356 | (21) |
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The Language of Juvenile Justice |
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357 | (3) |
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The History of Childhood Crime |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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Policing Juveniles and Early Intervention |
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362 | (2) |
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364 | (1) |
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Who Gets to Be a Child? Race and Juvenile Justice |
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365 | (4) |
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369 | (2) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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372 | (5) |
Glossary |
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377 | (8) |
References |
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385 | (24) |
Index |
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409 | |