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Criminal (In)Justice: A Critical Introduction 2nd Revised edition [Minkštas viršelis]

  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 424 pages, aukštis x plotis: 231x187 mm
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Apr-2022
  • Leidėjas: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1071841904
  • ISBN-13: 9781071841907
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 424 pages, aukštis x plotis: 231x187 mm
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Apr-2022
  • Leidėjas: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1071841904
  • ISBN-13: 9781071841907
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
"Criminal (In)Justice: A Critical Introduction examines the American criminal justice and the social forces that shape it. Using a conversational voice, the book engages readers and challenges them to consider the inequalities in the criminal justice system as well as in the broader society it is designed to protect, then ask, "What can I do to make this better?". Author Aaron Fichtelberg uses a unique, critical perspective to encourage students to look closer at the intersection of race, class, gender, and inequality in the criminal justice system. Covering each of the foundational areas of the criminal justice system - policing, courts, and corrections - this book takes an in-depth look at the influence of social inequality, making it ideal for instructors who want students to critically assess and understand the American criminal justice system in a very open and approachable way. This 2nd edition comes at a time when there is a profound awareness that the criminal justice system reflects deep and systematic inequalities in American society and has been updated to include some of these monumental changes"--

Criminal (In)Justice: A Critical Introduction examines the American criminal justice system and the social forces that shape it. Using a conversational voice, you will be engaged and challenged to consider the inequalities in the criminal justice system as well as in the broader society it is designed to protect, then ask, "What can I do to make this better ". Author Aaron Fichtelberg uses a unique, critical perspective that will encourage you to look closer at the intersection of race, class, gender, and inequality in the criminal justice system.
About the Author xiv
Acknowledgments xv
To Professors Using This Book xvii
General Introduction 1(11)
Why a "Critical" Introduction?
2(4)
Themes of the Book
6(1)
The Politics of Justice and the War Over Policing
7(2)
The Structure of This Book
9(1)
A Comment About Terminology
9(3)
PART I CRIME
Chapter 1 Defining, Classifying, and Measuring Crime
12(28)
The Media and Crime
13(3)
The Rhetoric of "Crime"
16(2)
Defining Crime
18(1)
Legal Definitions of Crime
18(1)
Moral Definitions of Crime
19(2)
Sociological Definitions of Crime
21(2)
Classifying Crime
23(1)
Severity of the Offense
24(1)
Classification Based on the Victim
24(1)
Crimes Against the Person
24(1)
Crimes Against Property
24(1)
Crimes Against Public Order
24(1)
Crimes Against the State
25(1)
Other Ways to Classify Crime
26(2)
Measuring Crime
28(1)
Police Reports
29(2)
Victimization Surveys
31(1)
Perpetrator Self-Report Studies
32(1)
The Crime Rate
33(3)
The Politics of Crime Data
36(4)
Chapter 2 Criminal Law
40(22)
The Rule of Law
42(1)
Criminal Law and Common Law
43(1)
Federalism and Law
44(1)
The "Ingredients" (Elements) of Crime
45(1)
Actus Reus
45(1)
Mens Rea
46(1)
Intent
47(1)
Recklessness
47(1)
Negligence
47(1)
Other Mentes Reae
48(1)
Strict Liability
48(1)
Causation
49(1)
Homicide
50(1)
Defenses
51(1)
Failure of Proof
52(1)
Justifications
52(4)
Excuses
56(1)
Insanity
56(2)
Duress
58(4)
Chapter 3 Criminology
62(30)
Perspectives on the Crime Problem
63(3)
Religious Approaches to Crime
66(2)
Classical Criminology
68(2)
Modern Variations
70(1)
Biological Criminology
71(1)
Psychological Criminology
72(1)
Freud and Psychoanalysis
73(2)
Behavioral Theory
75(1)
Learning Theory
76(1)
Differential Association Theory/Social Learning Theory
77(2)
Sociological Criminology
79(1)
Emile Durkheim and Strain Theory
80(3)
Social Disorganization Theory and the Chicago School
83(2)
Labeling Theory
85(2)
Hirschi's Social Control Theory
87(1)
The Crime Drop: Applied Criminology?
88(4)
Chapter 4 Crime and Inequality
92(26)
Economic Inequality and Crime
93(3)
Racial Inequality and Crime
96(7)
Gender Inequality and Crime
103(4)
Feminism and Rape
107(2)
Rape on College Campuses
109(1)
Intersectionality
110(2)
Green Criminology, Queer Criminology, and Postmodernism
112(1)
Green Criminology
112(1)
Postmodernism
113(1)
Queer Criminology
114(4)
PART II POLICING
Chapter 5 The Nature and History of Policing
118(34)
Distinctions in American Policing
120(1)
Policing as a Verb Versus Police as a Noun
121(1)
Controlling Deviance
121(1)
Maintaining Order
122(1)
Providing Public Assistance
122(1)
Active Versus Passive Policing
122(2)
Formal Versus Informal Policing
124(1)
Policing From a Critical Perspective
125(3)
The Rise of the London Metropolitan Police
128(2)
Sir Robert Peel's Nine Points of Policing
130(1)
Policing on the Continent: The Case of France
131(2)
Policing in America: The Early Years
133(2)
The Era of Cronyism and Patronage
135(1)
Professionalization
136(3)
Federal Policing
139(4)
The 1960s and Their Aftermath
143(1)
The Drug War
144(1)
Community Policing and Broken Windows
145(1)
The Homeland Security Era and Beyond
146(2)
After Homeland Security
148(4)
Chapter 6 Modern Policing
152(28)
The Organization of Policing
153(1)
State and Local Policing
154(1)
Sheriffs and Police
154(1)
State Police and Highway Patrol
154(1)
Investigators IDetectivesI
154(1)
Special Weapons Officers
155(1)
Other Specialty Officers
155(2)
Federal Policing
157(1)
Department of Justice
157(1)
Department of Homeland Security
157(1)
Department of the Treasury
157(1)
A Typical Police Officer's Day
158(2)
The Use of Force
160(2)
Legal Restrictions on Lethal Force
162(1)
The Constitution and the Police: The Fourth Amendment
163(1)
J Amendment IV
164(3)
Technology and the Fourth Amendment
167(1)
Seizures
168(3)
Arrests
171(4)
Police Discretion
175(2)
Civil Forfeiture
177(3)
Chapter 7 Police Deviance
180(26)
Police Deviance in Context
182(2)
Overenthusiastic Policing
184(1)
Excessive Force
185(2)
Racial Profiling
187(3)
Corruption
190(1)
Frank Serpico and the Knapp Commission
191(2)
The Causes of Police Deviance
193(3)
Handling Police Deviance
196(5)
Defunding the Police?
201(5)
PART III COURTS AND TRIALS
Chapter 8 Courts
206(24)
The Purpose(s) of the Trial
208(3)
Adversarial Justice
211(1)
Plea Bargains
211(6)
The Courtroom Workgroup
217(1)
Prosecutors
218(3)
Defense
221(2)
Judges
223(3)
Other Courtroom Staff
226(1)
Bailiff
226(1)
Clerk
226(1)
Court Reporter
227(1)
Social Workers
227(3)
Chapter 9 Criminal Trials
230(30)
Pretrial
231(1)
Municipal Courts and the Right to Counsel
232(1)
Bail and Bail Bondsmen
233(1)
Grand Juries and Preliminary Hearings
234(1)
Pretrial Motions
235(1)
Voir Dire
236(1)
The Trial
237(1)
Presenting Evidence
238(1)
Witnesses
239(1)
Exculpatory Versus Inculpatory Evidence
239(1)
Direct Versus Circumstantial Evidence
240(1)
Probative and Prejudicial Evidence
240(1)
Testimony Versus Physical Evidence
240(1)
Objections
241(1)
Hearsay
241(1)
Narrative
241(1)
Scope
241(1)
Badgering the Witness
241(1)
Speculation
242(1)
Asked and Answered
242(1)
Other Motions at Trial
242(1)
Directed Verdict
242(1)
Mistrial
242(1)
Perjury and "Testifying"
243(1)
Closing Statements
243(1)
Jury Instructions, Deliberation, and Verdict
243(2)
Nullification
245(3)
Appeals and Appellate Courts
248(1)
Appellate Court Systems
249(1)
Federal Appeals
249(3)
The Supreme Court
252(3)
Politics and Constitutional Interpretation
255(1)
Theories of Constitutional Interpretation
256(4)
PART IV CORRECTIONS AND SPECIAL TOPICS
Chapter 10 The Theory and History of Punishment
260(28)
Why We Punish
261(1)
Deterrence
262(1)
Incapacitation
263(1)
Rehabilitation
263(1)
Retributivism
264(1)
Philosophies of Punishment Shape Outcomes
264(1)
The History of Punishment
265(1)
Premodern Forms of Punishment
266(1)
Execution
266(1)
Exile
267(1)
Corporal Punishment
267(1)
Disfigurement
267(1)
Enslavement
268(1)
Humiliation
268(1)
The Reasons for Early Punishments
269(1)
The Rise of the Prison
270(1)
Early Philadelphia Prisons
270(2)
Prison Labor and Indeterminate Sentencing
272(3)
Rehabilitation
275(1)
Mass Incarceration
276(3)
The Prison-Industrial Complex
279(2)
Private Prisons
281(2)
After Incarceration?
283(5)
Chapter 11 Prison Life
288(24)
Going to Prison
290(2)
The Prison Population
292(2)
Types of Prisons
294(1)
Other Types of Prisons (Jails Versus Prisons)
295(1)
Guards and Abuse
296(1)
Other Correctional Professionals
297(1)
Life in Prison, the Inmate Code
298(2)
Prison Gangs
300(1)
Institutionalization
300(2)
Women in Prison
302(3)
The Rights of the Incarcerated
305(1)
Due Process
306(1)
Freedom of Speech
306(1)
Freedom of Religion
307(1)
The Right to Vote
308(4)
Chapter 12 Alternatives to Prison
312(22)
The Collateral Effects of Incarceration
313(2)
Community Corrections
315(1)
Community Service
316(2)
Home Confinement
318(1)
Diversion
319(1)
Probation
320(2)
Parole
322(2)
Sex Offenses and Criminal Punishment
324(3)
Alternative Incarcerations
327(1)
Civil Commitment
327(1)
Holding Suspected Terrorists in Guantanamo Bay
328(1)
Restorative Justice
329(5)
Chapter 13 The Death Penalty
334(22)
The History of the Death Penalty
336(4)
The Death Penalty and the Constitution
340(3)
Bifurcated Trials
343(1)
Automatic Appeals
344(1)
Voir Dire
344(1)
Limiting Cases
345(1)
Coker v. Georgia 11977]
345(1)
Atkins v. Virginia I2002I
345(1)
Roper v. Simmons I2005)
346(2)
Other Developments in the Death Penalty
348(1)
Innocence Projects and DNA Evidence
348(2)
Costs
350(1)
American Culture and the Death Penalty
350(6)
Chapter 14 Juvenile Justice
356(21)
The Language of Juvenile Justice
357(3)
The History of Childhood Crime
360(1)
Juvenile Justice
361(1)
Policing Juveniles and Early Intervention
362(2)
Juvenile Courts
364(1)
Who Gets to Be a Child? Race and Juvenile Justice
365(4)
Juvenile Corrections
369(2)
Special Cases
371(1)
Very Young Offenders
372(1)
Transfer to Adult Court
372(1)
The Liability of Parents
372(5)
Glossary 377(8)
References 385(24)
Index 409
Aaron Fichtelberg received his BA from UC San Diego, a Masters Degree from DePaul University, an LLM from Utrecht University in the Netherlands, and a PhD from Emory University. He is currently an Associate Professor at the Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice at the University of Delaware, where he has taught criminal law and criminal justice for 15 years. Criminal (In)Justice: A Critical Introduction is his fourth book. His earlier works are: Crime Without Borders: An Introduction to International Criminal Justice, Law at the Vanishing Point, and Hybrid Tribunals: A Comparative Examination. He has also published in journals such as The Journal of International Criminal Justice, Criminal Justice Ethics, the Journal of Science and Engineering Ethics, and the Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology.  His work generally combines the study of criminal justice with a critical perspective provided by the humanities.