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Critical Thinking Skills: Effective Analysis, Argument and Reflection 4th edition [Minkštas viršelis]

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(Writer, UK)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 360 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 244x188x18 mm, weight: 860 g
  • Serija: Bloomsbury Study Skills
  • Išleidimo metai: 23-Mar-2023
  • Leidėjas: Bloomsbury Academic
  • ISBN-10: 135032258X
  • ISBN-13: 9781350322585
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Critical Thinking Skills: Effective Analysis, Argument and Reflection 4th editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 360 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 244x188x18 mm, weight: 860 g
  • Serija: Bloomsbury Study Skills
  • Išleidimo metai: 23-Mar-2023
  • Leidėjas: Bloomsbury Academic
  • ISBN-10: 135032258X
  • ISBN-13: 9781350322585
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781350322585.html
Raktažodžiai:
"This bestselling book provides an easy to follow, step by step guide to developing analytical reasoning skills and applying them to tasks such as reading, note-making and writing. A complex subject is broken down into easy to understand blocks, with clear explanations, good examples, and plenty of activities to develop understanding at each stage. The 4th edition features a new section on argument mapping techniques, which help readers to visualize the structures of an argument. It also contains brand new material on critical listening and viewing, which will help readers to work with a wider range of academic sources. Additional, new material on critical writing gives students the tools to produce well-founded arguments and shape their thinking on a topic. Beyond this, the 4th edition also contains new and updated examples that link to current affairs, showing the importance of critical thinking as a lifelong skill"--

The ability to demonstrate critical thinking is essential for students who seek to achieve good grades at university but it typically creates a lot of confusion and anxiety. Critical Thinking Skills provides an easy to follow, step by step guide to developing analytical reasoning skills and applying them to tasks such as reading, note-making and writing. A complex subject is broken down into easy to understand blocks, with clear explanations, good examples, and plenty of activities to develop understanding at each stage.

Students can use this book to:
· Critically assess other people's arguments
· Recognise flawed reasoning
· Evaluate the material used to support arguments
· Apply critical thinking when reading, writing and making notes
· Write excellent essays and reports

The 4th edition features a new section on argument mapping techniques, which help readers to visualize the structures of an argument. It also contains new and updated examples that link to current affairs, showing the importance of critical thinking as a lifelong skill.

Written by internationally renowned author Stella Cottrell, this is an essential resource for students looking to refine their thinking, reading and writing skills.

Daugiau informacijos

Filled with helpful activities and tried-and-tested tools, this bestselling book shows readers how to construct effective arguments, improve critical analysis, and hone reflective thinking skills.
Acknowledgements ix
Introducing Critical Thinking Skills xi
Do critical thinking skills matter? xii
Building `critical muscle' xiii
Using the book xiv
Overview of the chapters xvi
Glossary xviii
About the Companion Site xx
1 What is critical thinking?
1(18)
Introduction
1(1)
What is critical thinking?
2(1)
Reasoning
3(1)
Critical thinking: Where does it come from?
4(2)
Benefits of critical thinking skills
6(1)
Underlying skills and attitudes
7(1)
Self-awareness for accurate judgement
8(1)
Personal strategies for critical thinking
9(1)
Critical thinking in academic contexts
10(2)
Barriers to critical thinking
12(3)
Critical thinking: Knowledge, skills and attitudes
15(1)
Priorities: Developing critical thinking abilities
16(2)
Summary: What is critical thinking?
18(1)
2 How well do you think?
19(16)
Introduction
19(1)
Assess your thinking skills
20(4)
Scoring sheet
24(1)
Focusing attention
25(1)
Focusing attention: Identifying difference
26(1)
Focusing attention: Recognising sequence
27(2)
Categorising
29(1)
Activity: Categorising text
30(1)
Close reading
31(2)
Close reading and listening
33(1)
Summary: How well do you think?
34(1)
3 What's their point?
35(12)
Introduction
35(1)
The author's position
36(1)
Activity: Capturing the author's position
37(1)
Argument: Persuasion through reasons
38(1)
Identifying the argument
39(3)
Activity: Identifying simple arguments
42(1)
Activity: Reasons and conclusions
43(1)
Hunting out the conclusion
44(1)
Summary of features
45(1)
Summary: What's their point?
46(1)
4 Is it an argument?
47(12)
Introduction
47(1)
Argument and disagreement
48(1)
Activity: Argument and disagreement
49(1)
Non-arguments: Description
50(1)
Non-arguments: Explanations and summaries
51(1)
Activity: What type of message?
52(2)
Distinguishing argument from other material
54(1)
Activity: Selecting out the argument
55(2)
Recognising other non-arguments
57(1)
Summary: Is it an argument?
58(1)
5 How well do they say it?
59(16)
Introduction
59(1)
How clear is the author's position?
60(1)
Internal consistency
61(1)
Activity: Internal consistency
62(1)
Logical consistency
63(1)
Activity: Logical consistency
64(1)
Independent reasons and joint reasons
65(1)
Activity: Independent reasons and joint reasons
66(1)
Intermediate conclusions
67(1)
Intermediate conclusions used as reasons
68(1)
Activity: Intermediate conclusions
69(1)
Summative and logical conclusions
70(1)
Activity: Summative and logical conclusions
71(1)
Logical order
72(1)
Activity: Logical order
73(1)
Summary: How well do they say it?
74(1)
6 Reading between the lines
75(16)
Introduction
75(1)
Assumptions
76(1)
Activity: Identify the underlying assumptions
77(1)
Identifying hidden assumptions
78(1)
Implicit assumptions used as reasons
79(1)
Activity: Implicit assumptions used as reasons
80(1)
Inference, assumption and syllogism
81(1)
False premises
82(1)
Activity: False premises
83(1)
Implicit arguments
84(1)
Activities: Implicit arguments
85(1)
Denoted and connoted meanings
86(2)
Activities: Associations and stereotypes
88(1)
Activity: Denoted and connoted meanings
89(1)
Summary: Reading between the lines
90(1)
7 Does it add up?
91(18)
Introduction
91(1)
Assuming a causal link
92(1)
Correlations and false correlations
93(1)
Activity: Identify the nature of the link
94(1)
Not meeting the necessary conditions
95(1)
Not meeting sufficient conditions
96(1)
Activity: Necessary and sufficient conditions
97(1)
False analogies
98(1)
Activity: False analogies
99(1)
Deflection, complicity and exclusion
100(1)
Other types of flawed argument or fallacies
101(1)
Unwarranted leaps and castle of cards
102(1)
Emotive language; attacking the person
103(1)
More flaws
104(1)
Misrepresentation and trivialisation
105(1)
Tautology; two wrongs don't make a right
106(1)
Other fallacies
107(1)
Summary: Does it add up?
108(1)
8 Where's the proof?
109(20)
Introduction
109(1)
Primary and secondary source materials
110(1)
Searching for evidence
111(1)
Literature searches
112(1)
Reputable sources
113(1)
Authenticity and validity
114(1)
Currency and reliability
115(1)
Selecting the best evidence
116(1)
Relevant and irrelevant evidence
117(1)
Activity: Relevant and irrelevant evidence
118(1)
Representative samples
119(1)
Activity: Representative samples
120(1)
Certainty and probability
121(1)
Sample sizes and statistical significance
122(1)
Over-generalisation
123(1)
Controlling for variables
124(1)
Facts and opinions
125(1)
Eye-witness testimony
126(1)
Triangulation
127(1)
Evaluating a body of evidence
128(1)
Summary: Where's the proof?
128(1)
9 Criticality when selecting, interpreting and noting from sources
129(22)
Introduction
129(1)
Gain an overview first
130(1)
Identify the theoretical perspective
131(1)
The relation of theory to argument
132(1)
Categorising and selecting
133(1)
Accurate interpretation when reading
134(1)
Making notes to support critical analysis
135(1)
Make structured, selective notes
136(1)
Concise critical notes: Analysing an argument
137(1)
Concise critical notes on sources: Articles and papers
138(1)
Critical selection when note-taking
139(1)
Comparing multiple sources
140(1)
Noting how multiple sources contribute to an argument
141(1)
Critical listening and viewing
142(1)
Critical awareness for audio-visual material
143(1)
Critical thinking when listening
144(1)
Critically active viewing
145(1)
Making notes: Audio-visual material
146(1)
Critical use of social media
147(1)
Real or fake news?
148(1)
Fake news: What can we do?
149(1)
Summary: Criticality when selecting, interpreting and noting from sources
150(1)
10 Critical, analytical writing
151(28)
Introduction
151(1)
Characteristics of critical, analytical writing
152(2)
Developing a Topic 1 Test and defend a `thesis'
154(1)
Developing a Topic 2 Define your terms
155(1)
Developing a Topic 3 Critical use of resources
156(1)
Developing a Topic 4 Identify themes
157(1)
Developing a Topic 5 Use the literature
158(1)
Shaping your thinking on a topic
159(1)
Writing it up: Set the scene for the reader
160(1)
Activity: Setting the scene for the reader
161(1)
Writing up the literature search
162(1)
Words used to introduce the line of reasoning
163(1)
Words used to reinforce the line of reasoning
164(1)
Signposting alternative points of view
165(2)
Words used to signpost conclusions
167(1)
Words and phrases used to structure the line of reasoning
168(1)
Drawing tentative conclusions
169(1)
Activity: Writing conclusions
170(1)
Critical analysis for essays: Essay titles
171(1)
Academic keywords used in titles
172(1)
Critical analytical essays: Introductions
173(1)
Structured argument: The body of the essay
174(1)
Essays: Bringing the argument together
175(1)
Citing and referencing your sources
176(1)
What do I include in a reference?
177(1)
Summary: Critical analytical writing
178(1)
11 Mapping and evaluating argument
179(24)
Introduction
179(1)
Using argument maps
180(1)
Standard map configurations
181(1)
Mapping interim conclusions
182(1)
Argument maps for complex arguments
183(1)
Mapping extended arguments
184(1)
Mapping arguments with counter-arguments
185(1)
Tabulating thesis/antithesis/synthesis arguments
186(1)
Defending a given position
187(1)
Weighing your options: Multiple theses
188(1)
Finding the structure of extended arguments
189(1)
Tabulating an argument
190(4)
Example: Mapping an extended argument
194(1)
Decisions to make when argument mapping
195(1)
Extended arguments: Applying criteria
196(1)
Critical analysis: Sample essays
197(1)
Critically evaluating your own work
198(1)
Evaluating your work for critical thinking
199(2)
Summary: Mapping and evaluating arguments
201(2)
12 Critical reflection
203(22)
Introduction
203(1)
What is critical reflection?
204(2)
Why engage in critical reflection?
206(1)
Decide your approach and purpose
207(1)
Decide outcomes and outputs
208(1)
Approach: Method and audience
209(1)
Approach: Relating experience and theory
210(1)
Decide your approach: Summary checklist
211(1)
Reflection phases 1 and 2
212(1)
Examples of phase 1 reflection
213(1)
Examples of phase 2 reflection
214(1)
Models of reflection
215(1)
Deciding on your model for reflection
216(1)
The Core Model for critical reflection
217(2)
Applying reflection to professional practice
219(1)
Reflection and professional judgement
220(1)
Good and bad critical reflection
221(2)
Presenting your reflection to others
223(1)
Summary: Critical reflection
224(1)
13 Applying critical thinking to career planning and employability
225(65)
Critical thinking for professional life
225(1)
Thinking critically about your life and career planning
226(2)
Self-evaluation: Thinking critically about your career path
228(2)
Thinking critically about your career: Taking action
230(1)
Applying critical thinking when looking for a job
231(1)
Critical consideration of the `best fit' jobs for you
232(1)
Use the clues: Information provided by employers
233(1)
Where do job applicants go wrong?
234(2)
Where job applicants go wrong: Examples
236(1)
Employer demand for critical thinking skills
237(1)
How critical thinking skills are useful in work roles
238(1)
Demonstrating critical thinking to employers
239(1)
Checklist: Critical self-evaluation of job applications
240(2)
Summary: Applying critical thinking to career planning and employability
242(1)
Texts for activities in
Chapters 8, 9 and 11
243(6)
Practice materials
249(1)
Practice 1
250(1)
Sample essay 1 (Student sleep/well-being)
251(10)
Sample essay 2 (Student sleep/well-being)
261(9)
Practice 2
270(1)
Sample essay 3 (Global warming)
271(11)
Sample essay 4 (Global warming)
282(8)
Appendix: Selected search engines and databases for online literature searches
290(29)
Answers to activities
291(28)
References and Bibliography 319(10)
Index 329
Stella Cottrell is an international bestselling author, with over a million sales worldwide. Her other titles include The Study Skills Handbook, Critical Thinking Skills, Skills for Success, The Bloomsbury Student Planner, The Exam Skills Handbook and Mindfulness for Students. Stella was formerly Director of Lifelong Learning at the University of Leeds, and Pro Vice-Chancellor for Learning and Teaching at the University of East London.