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Cultural Anthropology 13th Revised edition [Minkštas viršelis]

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, (Texas State University - San Marcos, USA)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 560 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 276x212x24 mm, weight: 1130 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Apr-2023
  • Leidėjas: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1071858238
  • ISBN-13: 9781071858233
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 560 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 276x212x24 mm, weight: 1130 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Apr-2023
  • Leidėjas: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1071858238
  • ISBN-13: 9781071858233
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Cultural Anthropology integrates critical thinking, explores rich ethnographies, and prompts students to think creatively about todays culture and society. Authors Serena Nanda and Richard L. Warms show how historical studies and anthropological techniques can help readers reflect on the nature, structure, and meaning of human societies. Updates to the Thirteenth Edition include a new chapter on race and ethnicity; emphasis on areas such as inequality, power, gender, race, and history; discussions of issues around medical care and public health; and new features that reflect changes in world culture.

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List of Boxes
xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
PART I INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Chapter 1 Anthropology and Human Diversity
1(26)
The Fields of Anthropology
4(1)
Biological or Physical Anthropology
4(1)
Linguistic Anthropology
5(1)
Archaeology
6(1)
Cultural Anthropology
7(2)
Applied Anthropology
9(3)
Some Critical Issues in Anthropology
12(1)
Ethnocentrism
12(2)
Anthropology and Cultural Relativism
14(2)
Anthropologists and "Natives"
16(1)
Anthropology and Global Connections
17(2)
Why Study Anthropology
19(1)
Some Honest Talk About College Majors and Jobs
19(1)
Asking Better Questions
20(3)
The Global and the Local: The Anthropology of Violence
23(1)
Key Questions
24(1)
Summary
24(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
26(1)
Key Terms
26(1)
Chapter 2 Doing Cultural Anthropology
27(28)
Anthropology in Historical Perspective
28(1)
Franz Boas and American Anthropology
29(1)
From Haddon to Malinowski in England and the Commonwealth
30(2)
Anthropological Techniques
32(8)
Ethnographic Data and Cross-Cultural Comparisons
40(2)
Some Critical Issues in Ethnography
42(1)
Anthropology and Gender
42(1)
The Postmodern Critique
43(1)
Collaborative and Engaged Anthropology
43(2)
Studying One's Own Society
45(3)
Ethics in Fieldwork and Anthropology
48(2)
Conclusion: New Roles for Ethnographers
50(1)
The Global and the Local: The Anthropology of Pandemics and Other Disasters
51(1)
Key Questions
52(1)
Summary
52(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
54(1)
Key Terms
54(1)
Chapter 3 The Idea of Culture
55(32)
Defining Culture
57(2)
Culture Is Made Up of Learned Behaviors
59(4)
Culture Is the Way Humans Use Symbols to Classify Their World and Give It Meaning
63(1)
Systems of Classification
64(2)
Cultures, Symbols, and Meaning
66(3)
Culture Is an Integrated System - or Is It?
69(2)
Culture Is a Shared System of Norms and Values - Or Is It?
71(3)
Culture Is the Way Human Beings Adapt to the World
74(4)
Culture Is Constantly Changing
78(4)
Conclusion: Culture Counts
82(1)
The Global and the Local: Is There an American Culture?
83(1)
Key Questions
84(1)
Summary
84(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
85(1)
Key Terms
86(1)
Chapter 4 Communication
87(32)
Human and Animal Communication
88(1)
Origins and Acquisition of Human Language
89(3)
The Structure of Language
92(1)
Phonology
92(2)
Morphology
94(1)
The Lexicon
95(1)
Syntax
95(1)
Language and Culture
96(3)
Language and Social Stratification
99(2)
African American Vernacular English (AAVE)
101(2)
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
103(2)
Nonverbal Communication
105(3)
Language Change
108(2)
Language and Culture Contact
110(1)
Tracing Relationships Among Languages
111(2)
The Global and the Local: Language, Identity, and Assimilation
113(1)
Question: Do you need to speak English to be a true American?
113(2)
Key Questions
115(1)
Summary
115(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
116(1)
Key Terms
117(2)
PART II EQUALITIES AND INEQUALITIES
Chapter 5 Making a Living
119(28)
Human Adaptation: The Environment and Technology
120(4)
An Overview of Subsistence Strategies
124(1)
Foraging
125(1)
The Hadza, a Foraging Society in East Africa
126(1)
The Inuit: Foraging and Global Warming
127(3)
Pastoralism
130(1)
The Maasai of East Africa: ATranshumant Pastoral Adaptation
131(2)
The Yarahmadzai: Nomadic Pastoralists
133(2)
Horticulture
135(1)
The Lua': A Horticultural Society in Southeast Asia
135(3)
Agriculture
138(1)
Musha: A Peasant Agricultural Village in Egypt
139(2)
Industrialism
141(1)
Industrial Agriculture in California
142(1)
The Global Marketplace
143(1)
The Global and the Local: Climate Change and Food Choices
144(1)
You Decide
145(1)
Summary
145(1)
Key Terms
146(1)
Chapter 6 Economics
147(36)
Economic Behavior
148(2)
Allocating Resources
150(2)
Foragers
152(1)
Pastoralists
153(1)
Horticulturalists
154(1)
Agriculturalists
155(2)
Organizing Labor
157(2)
Specialization in Agricultural and Industrial Societies
159(4)
Distribution: Systems of Exchange and Consumption
163(1)
Generalized Reciprocity
163(2)
Balanced Reciprocity
165(1)
The Kula Trade
165(2)
Negative Reciprocity
167(1)
Redistribution
167(1)
ThePotlatch
167(2)
Leveling Mechanisms
169(1)
Market Exchange
170(1)
Capitalism
171(3)
Gifts, Bribes, and Social Networks
174(2)
Resistance to Capitalism
176(2)
The Global and the Local: Paying for College in the United States
178(1)
You Decide
179(1)
Summary
180(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
181(1)
Key Terms
182(1)
Chapter 7 Political Organization
183(32)
Hierarchies: Power, Ideology, Gender, and Conflict
184(1)
Power and Authority
185(1)
Ideologies
185(3)
Women and Political Power
188(1)
Punishment of Social Violations
189(1)
Rebellions and Revolutions
190(1)
Band Societies
191(1)
Political Integratien and Leadership in Band Societies
191(1)
Conflict Resolution and Violence in Bands
191(1)
Tribal Societies
192(1)
Political Integration and Leadership in Tribes
193(2)
Conflict Resolution and Violence in Tribes
195(3)
Chiefdoms
198(1)
Political Integration and Leadership in Chiefdoms
198(2)
Conflict Resolution and Violence in Chiefdoms
200(1)
State Societies
200(1)
The Rise of State Societies
200(2)
Political Integration and Leadership in State Societies
202(1)
The State and Social Stratification
202(4)
The Nation-State
206(1)
The Rise of the Nation-State
206(3)
The Nation-State and the Global Economy
209(1)
The Global and the Local: Citizenship and Statelessness
210(1)
Key Questions
211(1)
Summary
211(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
213(1)
Key Terms
213(2)
Chapter 8 Social Stratification
215(28)
Theories of Social Stratification
217(2)
Criteria of Stratification: Power, Wealth, and Prestige
219(3)
Class and Caste in Social Stratification
222(1)
Social Class in the United States
223(1)
Income Inequality in the United States
224(2)
Class Mobility in the United States
226(3)
American Classes as Subcultures
229(2)
Caste Systems
231(1)
The Caste System in India
231(2)
Indian Caste, Religion, and Colonialism
233(1)
Indian Caste and Social Mobility
234(2)
Caste in Current-Day India
236(2)
Conclusion: Unequal Inequalities and the Future
238(1)
The Global and the Local: The Gig Economy
238(2)
You Decide
240(1)
Summary
241(1)
Key Terms
242(1)
Chapter 9 Race and Ethnicity
243(30)
Race and Biology
244(4)
Race, Culture, and History
248(4)
Race and Caste in the United States
252(2)
Race and Life Chances in the United States
254(3)
Racial Classification in Brazil
257(2)
Ethnicity
259(1)
Ethnicity and the Nation-State
260(2)
Ethnicity, Immigration, and Adaptation
262(2)
Immigration and Ethnicity in the United States
264(2)
Muslim and Hispanic Immigrants in the United States
266(2)
The Globalization of Ethnicity
268(1)
The Global and the Local: Inequality, Race, Ethnicity, and COVID-19
269(2)
You Decide
271(1)
Summary
271(1)
Key Terms
272(1)
Notes
272(1)
PART III FAMILIES IN SOCIETY
Chapter 10 Kinship
273(26)
Kinship: Relations Through Descent and Marriage
274(1)
Rules of Descent and the Formation of Descent Groups
275(3)
Patrilineal Descent
278(1)
The Nuer and the Continued Relevance of Segmentary Lineages
279(2)
Gender Relations in Patrilineal Societies
281(1)
Matrilineal Descent
281(4)
Gender Relations in Matrilineal Societies
285(1)
Other Systems of Descent
286(1)
Classifying Kin
287(1)
Principles of Kin Classification
288(1)
Comparing Kin Classification in North India and the United States
289(2)
Kinship Systems
291(3)
The Global and the Local: Kinship and Immigration, and Transmigration
294(1)
Key Questions
295(1)
Summary
295(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
297(1)
Key Terms
297(2)
Chapter 11 Marriage, Family, and Domestic Groups
299(34)
Marriage and Marriage Rules
300(5)
Incest Taboos
305(1)
Exogamy and Endogamy
306(2)
Preferential Marriages
308(1)
The Levirate and Sororate
309(1)
Marriages With Multiple Partners
310(1)
Polygyny
310(1)
Temne Polygyny
311(1)
Polyandry
312(1)
Premi Polyandry
313(1)
Exchanges of Goods at Marriage
314(1)
Bride Service and Bridewealth
314(2)
Dowry
316(2)
Types of Families
318(1)
The Nuclear Family
318(1)
The Changing American Family
318(4)
Composite Families
322(1)
Extended Families
322(1)
Patrilineal, Patrilocal Families
323(1)
Matrilineal Families
324(2)
Conclusion: The Global Family
326(1)
The Global and the Local: Caring for the Elderly
327(2)
Summary
329(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
330(1)
Key Terms
331(1)
Notes
331(2)
Chapter 12 Gender
333(28)
Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
335(1)
The Cultural Construction of Gender
336(1)
Gender Ideologies: Female Sexuality and Male Prestige Behavior
337(1)
Controlling Female Sexuality
338(1)
Modest Dress in Islam
339(1)
Proving Manhood
340(1)
Gender and Bullfighting in Spain
341(1)
Variability in Gender and Sexuality
342(1)
Variation in Gender Roles
343(3)
Variable Norms of Sexual Behavior
346(2)
Theories of Gender and Stratification
348(2)
Gender Relations and Systems of Production
350(1)
Gender Relations in Foraging Societies
350(1)
Gender Relations in Horticultural Societies
350(1)
Gender Relations in Pastoral Societies
351(1)
Gender Relations in Agricultural Societies
352(1)
Changing Gender Relationships in an Interconnected World
353(1)
Gender and Family in Current-Day Wealthy Societies
353(3)
The Global and the Local: Women's Rights in Global Perspective--How Important Is Wealth?
356(2)
You Decide
358(1)
Summary
358(1)
Key Terms
359(1)
Notes
359(2)
PART IV SYMBOLS AND MEANINGS
Chapter 13 Religion
361(34)
Religion in Society
363(1)
Searching for Order and Meaning
363(1)
Reducing Anxiety and Increasing Control
364(1)
Reinforcing or Changing the Social Order
364(1)
Beliefs: Stories, Symbols, and the Supernatural
365(1)
Sacred Narratives
365(1)
Symbols and Symbolism
366(2)
Supernatural Beings, Powers, States, and Qualities
368(1)
Practices: Addressing the Supernatural
369(1)
The Power of the Liminal
369(2)
Rites of Passage
371(1)
Rites of Intensification
371(1)
Prayer
372(1)
Sacrifice
373(1)
Magic
373(1)
Divination
374(2)
Religious Practitioners
376(1)
Shamans
376(1)
Vision Quest
376(1)
Shamanic Curing
376(2)
Priests
378(2)
Witches and Sorcerers
380(1)
Accusations of Witchcraft or Sorcery
380(1)
Modern Witches, Wiccans, and Neopagans
381(1)
Religion and Change
382(1)
Varieties of Religious Prophesy
383(1)
The Ghost Dance and Religious Change in Native North America
384(5)
Fundamentalism and Religious Change
389(1)
The Global and the Local: The Globalization of Religion in the United States
390(1)
Will America Be More or Less Religious in the Future?
390(2)
Key Questions
392(1)
Summary
392(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
393(1)
Key Terms
394(1)
Notes
394(1)
Chapter 14 Creative Expression
395(30)
The Arts in Cultural Context
396(1)
Why People Create Art
397(1)
Art as Ritual: Paleolithic Cave Art
397(1)
Art, Culture, and Symbolism
398(3)
Art and the Expression of Cultural Themes
401(1)
Manga and Anime in Japan
401(2)
Art and Deep Play
403(1)
The Balinese Cockfight
403(1)
Art and Politics
404(3)
Art and Cultural History
407(1)
Art and Expressing Identities
408(2)
Body Art and Cultural Identity
410(1)
Art and Personal Identity
411(1)
Frida Kahlo
411(2)
Fritz Scholder: Indian/Not Indian
413(1)
Art and Representing the Other
413(1)
Orientalism in European Art
413(2)
World Art: Culture, Marketing, and Tourism
415(1)
Maria Martinez and Pueblo Pottery
415(2)
Tourism and Art
417(2)
The Global and the Local: Art and Censorship
419(2)
You Decide
421(1)
Summary
421(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
422(1)
Key Terms
423(1)
Note
423(2)
PART V CULTURE CHANGE
Chapter 15 Making the Modern World
425(30)
European Expansion: Motives and Methods
428(1)
Pillage
429(2)
Slavery
431(2)
Joint Stock Companies
433(1)
The Dutch East India Company
433(2)
The Eras of Colonialism
435(1)
Colonization, 1500 to 1800
436(1)
Colonizing in the 19th Century
437(2)
Making Colonialism Pay
439(1)
Forced Labor
440(4)
Taxation
444(1)
Education
445(1)
Colonialism and Anthropology
446(1)
Decolonization
447(2)
Conclusion: An Interconnected but Unstable World
449(1)
The Global and The Local: Globalization, Nationalism, and Colonialism
449(1)
Question: Are Nationalism and Globalization Forces That Oppose Each Other?
449(1)
Key Questions
450(1)
Summary
451(1)
Critical Thinking Questions
452(1)
Key Terms
452(1)
Notes
452(3)
Chapter 16 Anthropology in the 21st Century
455(30)
The Changing Political and Economic Environment
458(1)
The Persistence of Poverty and Instability
459(1)
Migration
460(3)
Multinational Corporations
463(1)
Multinational Corporations: Sweatshop Labor
463(2)
MNCs: Platform Capitalism and the Surveillance State
465(1)
Multi-National Corporations: McDonaldization
466(1)
Multinational Corporations: Gender
467(1)
Urbanization
468(4)
Population Pressure
472(1)
Chinas One-Child Policy
473(1)
Fertility, Politics, and Economics
474(1)
The Rights of Indigenous People
475(1)
Saami Reindeer Herders and Norway
476(1)
Environmental Challenges
477(1)
Global Warming
477(2)
The Effect of Pollution on the Poor
479(1)
Reasons for Hope?
480(1)
Looking to the Future
480(1)
Key Questions
481(1)
Summary
481(2)
Critical Thinking Questions
483(1)
Key Terms
484(1)
Notes
484(1)
Appendix: A Brief Historical Guide to Anthropological Theory 485(8)
Glossary 493(6)
References 499(32)
Index 531
Serena Nanda is professor emeritus of anthropology at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York. She has published two anthropological murder mysteries, The Gift of a Bride: A Tale of Anthropology, Matrimony, and Murder, a novel set in an Indian immigrant community in New York City, and Assisted Dying: An Ethnographic Murder Mystery on Floridas Gold Coast. Her other published works include Neither Man Nor Woman: The Hijras of India, winner of the 1990 Ruth Benedict Prize; American Cultural Pluralism and Law; Gender Diversity: Crosscultural Variations; and a New York City guidebook, 40 Perfect New York Days: Walks and Rambles In and Around the City. She has always been captivated by the stories people tell and by the tapestry of human diversity. Anthropology was the perfect way for her to immerse herself in these passions, and, through teaching, to spread the word about the importance of understanding both human differences and human similarities.

Richard L. Warms is professor of anthropology at Texas State University. His published works include Anthropological Theory: An Introductory History; Theory in Social and Cultural Anthropology: An Encyclopedia; and Sacred Realms: Essays in Religion, Belief, and Society. He also has written journal articles on commerce, religion, and ethnic identity in West Africa; African exploration and romanticism; and African veterans of French colonial armed forces. Warmss interest in anthropology was kindled by college courses and by his experiences as a Peace Corps Volunteer in West Africa. He has traveled extensively in Africa, Europe, Asia, and South America. He continues to teach Introduction to Cultural Anthropology as well as classes in anthropological theory, the anthropology of religion, economic anthropology, and film at both the undergraduate and graduate level.