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Cultural Anthropology: A Problem-Based Approach 8th ed. [Minkštas viršelis]

3.28/5 (136 ratings by Goodreads)
(State University of New York at Plattsburgh), (University of New Haven, USA)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 432 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 229x152x15 mm, weight: 538 g, Illustrations
  • Išleidimo metai: 27-Aug-2020
  • Leidėjas: Sage Publications, Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1544371632
  • ISBN-13: 9781544371634
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 432 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 229x152x15 mm, weight: 538 g, Illustrations
  • Išleidimo metai: 27-Aug-2020
  • Leidėjas: Sage Publications, Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1544371632
  • ISBN-13: 9781544371634
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
"CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY: A PROBLEM-BASED APPROACH uses a hands-on, active-learning approach to encourage critical thinking and discussion as students examine research problems studied by anthropologists. Organized around research problems rather than topics, this 8th edition creates a natural, integrated discussion of concerns, and has been thoroughly updated and reorganized to emphasize contemporary issues around social and economic inequality as well as gender identity. Authors Richard Robbins and Rachel Dowty Beech have also examined reasons behind problems involving globalization, immigration, religion, capitalism, food consumption and production, social media, and the growth and evolution of societies. Students can explore subjects within the contextof meaningful questions and critically think about the aspects and potential solutions to these problems. This brief, affordable approach provides flexibility for you to add original research or ethnographies to enrich students' exposure to anthropology"--

In a first-of-its-kind format, Cultural Anthropology: A Problem-Based Approach is organized by problems and questions rather than topics, creating a natural discussion of traditional anthropological concerns such as kinship, caste, gender roles, and religion. This brief text promotes critical thinking through meaningful exercises, case studies, and simulations. Readers will learn how to analyze their own culture and gain the tools to understand the cultures of other societies. The Eighth Edition has been thoroughly updated and reorganized to emphasize contemporary issues around social and economic inequality, gender identity, and more.
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxii
About the Authors xxiii
1 Culture and Meaning
1(38)
Problem 1 How Can People Begin to Understand Beliefs and Behaviors That Are Different From Their Own?
1(1)
Introduction: The World Behind Everyday Appearances
1(3)
Question 1.1 Why Do Human Beings Differ in Their Beliefs and Behaviors?
4(3)
Question 1.2 How Do People Judge the Beliefs and Behaviors of Others?
7(9)
The Ethnocentric Fallacy and the Relativist Fallacy
8(2)
Virginity Testing in Turkey and Cannibalism Among the Wari
10(3)
Objectivity and Morality
13(3)
Question 1.3 Is It Possible to See the World Through the Eyes of Others?
16(5)
The Embarrassed Anthropologist
16(1)
Confronting Witchcraft in Mexico
17(2)
The Endangered Anthropologist
19(2)
Question 1.4 How Can the Meanings That Others Find in Experience Be Interpreted and Described?
21(4)
Deciphering the Balinese Cockfight
23(2)
Question 1.5 What Can Learning About Other Peoples Tell Americans About Themselves?
25(5)
A Balinese Anthropologist Studies Football
25(3)
An Anthropologist Looks at a "Happy Meal"
28(2)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #1: Why We Post
30(5)
Conclusions
35(1)
References and Suggested Readings
36(3)
2 The Meaning of Progress and Development
39(44)
Problem 2 How Do We Explain the Transformation of Human Societies Over the Past 10,000 Years From Small-Scale Nomadic Bands of Hunters and Gatherers to Large-Scale Urban-Industrial States?
39(1)
Introduction: The Death of a Way of Life
39(4)
Question 2.1 Why Did Hunter-Gatherer Societies Switch to Sedentary Agriculture?
43(9)
Life Among Hunter-Gatherers: The Hadza and the Bushman
45(2)
The Transition to Agriculture
47(4)
Producing Potato Calories
51(1)
Question 2.2 Why Are Some Societies More Industrially Advanced Than Others?
52(6)
The British in India
55(1)
Cotton, Slavery, and the Cherokee Removal
56(2)
Question 2.3 Why Do Poor Countries Not Modernize and Develop in the Same Way as Wealthier Countries?
58(5)
Debt, SAPs, and Vultures
61(2)
Question 2.4 How Do Modern Standards of Health and Medical Treatment Compare With Those of Traditional Societies?
63(5)
Illness and Inequality
63(2)
The Meaning of Illness
65(3)
Question 2.5 Why Are Simpler Societies Disappearing?
68(7)
Cultural Devastation and Radical Hope
70(5)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #2: Searching for the Perfect Diet and Doing Development
75(3)
What We Eat
75(1)
Women in Development
76(2)
Conclusions
78(1)
References and Suggested Readings
79(4)
3 Debt, Globalization, and the Nation-State
83(48)
Problem 3 How Does Our Economy Affect Our Way of Life?
83(1)
Introduction: Debt
83(5)
Question 3.1 How Is Money Created and Why Must Modern Economies Perpetually Grow?
88(6)
Money, Wealth, and Well-Being
88(1)
A Brief History of Money
88(5)
The Society of Perpetual Growth
93(1)
Question 3.2 Where Does the Wealth Needed to Sustain Growth Come From?
94(4)
Capital Conversion
94(4)
Question 3.3 What Kind of Economic System Is Necessary to Sustain Growth?
98(7)
"The Great Transformation"
99(1)
The Emergence of Neoliberalism
100(2)
Market Externalization
102(3)
Question 3.4 What Is the Role of the Nation-State in Sustaining Growth?
105(7)
T-Shirt Travels
105(2)
Free Trade
107(1)
Avoiding Democratic Decision Making
108(1)
The Use of Force
109(3)
Question 3.5 Why Do Economies Collapse?
112(8)
Tulip Bulbs and Bubbles
113(7)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #3: Anthropology and Public Policy
120(6)
The Market Externalities of "Hog Hotels"
121(5)
Conclusions
126(1)
References and Suggested Readings
127(4)
4 The Cultural Construction of Social Hierarchy
131(70)
Problem 4 Why Are Modern Societies Characterized by Growing Economic Inequalities?
131(1)
Introduction: Plutocracy
131(2)
Question 4.1 How Unequal Are We?
133(19)
Income and Wealth Inequality
133(15)
Stratification and Youth
148(4)
Question 4.2 Why Is Social and Economic Inequality Increasing?
152(13)
Question 4.3 How Do People Come to Accept Social Hierarchies as Natural?
165(10)
Constructing the Ideology of Racism
165(3)
The Social Construction of "Intelligence"
168(5)
Constructing Stratification by Gender
173(2)
Question 4.4 How Do People Living in Poverty Adapt to Their Condition?
175(7)
Kinship as an Adaptation to Poverty
176(2)
In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio
178(4)
Question 4.5 What Are the Effects of Inequality on Society?
182(7)
The Health Effects of Inequality
183(6)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #4: Health and Human Rights
189(7)
Anthropology and Human Rights
190(2)
Anthropology and Medical Rights: The Work of Paul Farmer
192(2)
Health as a Human Right
194(2)
Conclusions
196(1)
References and Suggested Readings
197(4)
5 The Social and Cultural Construction of Reality
201(48)
Problem 5 Why Do People Believe Different Things, and Why Are They So Certain Their View of the World Is Correct and Other Views Are Wrong?
201(1)
Introduction: The Central Question
201(3)
Question 5.1 How Does Language Affect the Meanings People Assign to Experience?
204(8)
Borrowing Meaning With Metaphors
205(3)
Kwakwaka'wakw Metaphors of Hunger
208(2)
The Metaphors of Contemporary Witchcraft and Magic
210(2)
Question 5.2 How Does Symbolic Action Reinforce a Particular View of the World?
212(7)
The Kwakwaka'wakw Cannibal Dance
213(3)
The Ritual of Contemporary Witchcraft and Magic
216(1)
Dorothy Gale Meets Luke Skywalker
217(2)
Question 5.3 How Do People Come to Believe What They Do, and How Do They Continue to Hold to Their Beliefs Even If They Seem Contradictory or Ambiguous?
219(6)
The Process of Interpretive Drift
220(2)
Explaining Why the Sun Moves Around Earth
222(3)
Question 5.4 How Can We Account for the Different Meanings People Assign to Experiences?
225(8)
What Kinds of Worldviews Are Associated With Each Cultural Type?
229(4)
Question 5.5 How Can People Reorder Their View of the World If It Becomes Unsatisfactory?
233(6)
Wovoka and the Ghost Dance
233(3)
Mother Ann Lee and the Shakers
236(3)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #5: Political Consulting and the Power of Metaphor
239(6)
Moral Politics: The Nation as a Family
240(3)
Policy Views: Same-Sex Marriage
243(1)
Translating Theory Into Action
244(1)
Conclusions
245(1)
References and Suggested Readings
246(3)
6 Patterns of Family Relations
249(36)
Problem 6 What Do We Need to Know Before We Can Understand the Dynamics of Family Life in Other Societies?
249(1)
Introduction: Soap Operas and Family Relations
249(2)
Question 6.1 What Is the Composition of the Typical Family Group?
251(8)
The Family Composition of the Bushman
253(2)
The Family Composition of the Trobriand Islanders
255(3)
The Family Composition of the Chinese
258(1)
Question 6.2 How Are Families Formed and Ideal Family Types Maintained?
259(7)
The Family Cycle of the Bushman
259(2)
The Family Cycle of the Trobriand Islanders
261(3)
The Family Cycle of the Chinese
264(2)
Question 6.3 What Are the Roles of Sexuality, Love, and Wealth?
266(3)
Sex, Love, and Wealth Among the Bushman
267(1)
Sex, Love, and Wealth Among the Trobriand Islanders
267(1)
Sex, Love, and Wealth Among the Chinese
268(1)
Question 6.4 What Threatens to Disrupt the Family Unit?
269(6)
Threats to the Bushman Family
270(1)
Threats to the Trobriand Island Family
271(2)
Threats to the Chinese Family
273(2)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #6: Combating HIV/AIDS
275(7)
AIDS Prevention in Mexico
275(1)
Sexual Silence
276(1)
Power Relations
277(1)
Trust and Fidelity
278(1)
Sex and Love
278(1)
Why Is the Message of Traditional AIDS Prevention Programs Sometimes Ignored?
279(1)
Designing AIDS Prevention Programs
280(2)
Conclusions
282(1)
References and Suggested Readings
283(2)
7 The Cultural Construction of Identity
285(42)
Problem 7 How Do People Determine Who They Are, and How Do They Communicate Who They Think They Are to Others?
285(1)
Introduction: The Importance of Self
285(2)
Question 7.1 How Does the Concept of Personhood Vary From Society to Society?
287(3)
The Egocentric and Sociocentric Self
287(2)
Personhood in Japan and America
289(1)
Question 7.2 How Do Societies Distinguish Individuals From One Another?
290(7)
Constructing Male and Female
292(2)
Language, Gender, and Race
294(3)
Question 7.3 How Do Individuals Learn Who They Are?
297(7)
The Transition to Adulthood
298(4)
Work and Career
302(2)
Question 7.4 How Do Individuals Communicate Their Identities to One Another?
304(7)
Gifts and Commodities
307(2)
Gift Giving and Christmas in America
309(2)
Question 7.5 How Do Individuals Defend Their Identities When They Are Threatened?
311(4)
Making Moka in Papua New Guinea
312(2)
Migrants and Refugees
314(1)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #7: Fat Talk
315(7)
Body Image and Identity
317(1)
Fat Talk
317(2)
The Problem
319(2)
Addressing the Problem
321(1)
Conclusions
322(1)
References and Suggested Readings
323(4)
8 The Cultural Construction of Violent Conflict
327(38)
Problem 8 How Do Societies Give Meaning to and Justify Collective Violence?
327(1)
Introduction: The Justification of Violent Conflict
327(2)
Question 8.1 How Do Societies Create a Bias in Favor of Collective Violence?
329(6)
Horses, Rank, and Warfare Among the Kiowa
329(1)
Good Hosts Among the Yanomamo
330(1)
Defending Honor in Kohistan
331(2)
Constructing Religious Justifications for Violence
333(2)
Question 8.2 How Do Societies Create a Bias Against Violent Conflict?
335(3)
Characteristics of Peaceful Societies
335(3)
Question 8.3 What Are the Economic, Political, or Social Differences Between Peaceful and Violent Societies?
338(5)
The Need to Protect Resources and Honor
339(1)
Creating the Conditions for Violence
340(2)
Sexism and Violent Conflict
342(1)
Question 8.4 What Are the Effects of War on Societies?
343(3)
The Impact of War on Population
343(1)
The Evolution of the Nation-State
344(1)
Violence and Male Solidarity
345(1)
Question 8.5 How Is It Possible to Justify the Creation of Weapons of Mass Destruction?
346(6)
The Anthropology of a Nuclear Weapons Laboratory
347(3)
The Language of Nuclear Destruction
350(2)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #8: The Uses (and Misuses?) of Anthropology for Peace and War
352(8)
Anthropology and the Outcomes of War
352(1)
Anthropology and Peace Studies
353(2)
The Human Terrain Concept and Anthropologists in the Military
355(2)
The Anthropological Reaction to Human Terrain Systems
357(3)
The End of Human Terrain Systems
360(1)
Conclusions
360(1)
References and Suggested Readings
361(4)
Glossary 365(6)
References 371(17)
Index 388