Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Pediatrics 18th edition [Minkštas viršelis]

Authors		ix
Preface		xvii
The Newborn Infant		1	(64)
Elizabeth H. Thilo
Adam A. Rosenberg
Evaluation of the Newborn Infant History		1	(6)
Care of the Well Newborn Infant		7	(4)
Common Problems in the Term Newborn Infant		11	(15)
Neonatal Intensive Care		26	(17)
Cardiac Problems in the Newborn Infant		43	(3)
Gastrointestinal & Abdominal Surgical Conditions in the Newborn Infant		46	(3)
Infections in the Newborn Infant		49	(9)
Hematologic Disorders in the Newborn Infant		58	(2)
Renal Disorders in the Newborn Infant		60	(1)
Neurologic Problems in the Newborn Infant		61	(2)
Metabolic Disorders in the Newborn Infant		63	(2)
Child Development & Behavior		65	(37)
Edward Goldson
Ann Reynolds
Normal Development		65	(19)
Behavioral & Developmental Variations		84	(8)
Developmental Disorders		92	(10)
Adolescence		102	(42)
David W. Kaplan
Kathryn A. Love-Osborne
Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services		104	(7)
Growth & Development		111	(3)
Behavior & Psychological Health		114	(8)
Breast Disorders		122	(4)
Gynecologic Disorders in Adolescence		126	(18)
Substance Abuse		144	(19)
Paritosh Kaul
Catherine Stevens-Simon
Scope of the Problem		144	(6)
Morbidity Associated with Substance Abuse		150	(1)
Supplement Use and Abuse		151	(1)
Response to the Problem		152	(1)
Predicting the Progression from Use to Abuse		152	(2)
Management of Substance Abuse		154	(4)
Treatment & Referral		158	(3)
Prevention of Substance Abuse		161	(2)
Eating Disorders		163	(12)
Eric J. Sigel
Etiology		163	(1)
Incidence		164	(1)
Predisposing Factors		164	(1)
Diagnosis		165	(4)
Complications		169	(2)
Treatment		171	(3)
Prognosis		174	(1)
Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders & Psychosocial Aspects of Pediatrics		175	(44)
Jennifer Hagman
Bert Dech
Screening for Psychosocial Problems & Psychiatric Disorders in the Context of Health Maintenance Visits		175	(6)
The Chronically III Child		181	(4)
Psychiatric Disorders of Childhood & Adolescence		185	(22)
Overview of Pediatric Psychopharmacology		207	(12)
Child Abuse & Neglect		219	(6)
Andrew P. Sirotnak
Richard D. Krugman
Forms of Child Maltreatment		219	(1)
Recognition of Abuse & Neglect		220	(3)
Management & Reporting of Child Abuse & Neglect		223	(1)
Prevention of Child Abuse & Neglect		224	(1)
Ambulatory & Community Pediatrics		225	(21)
Robert M. Brayden
Matthew F. Daley
Jeffrey M. Brown
Pediatric History		225	(1)
Pediatric Physical Examination		226	(2)
Health Supervision Visits		228	(10)
Other Types of General Pediatric Services		238	(4)
Common General Pediatric Issues		242	(4)
Immunization		246	(37)
Matthew F. Daley
Ann-Christine Nyquist
Eric A. F. Simoes
The Composition of Immunizing Agents		247	(1)
Safety of Immunization		248	(29)
Vaccinations for Special Situations		277	(4)
Passive Prophylaxis		281	(1)
Vaccine Safety and Legal Issues		282	(1)
Normal Childhood Nutrition & Its Disorders		283	(32)
Nancy F. Krebs
Laura E. Primak
Nutritional Requirements		283	(14)
Infant Feeding		297	(6)
Nutrition for the Older Child		303	(1)
Pediatric Undernutrition		304	(1)
Pediatric Overweight/Obesity		304	(11)
Emergencies & Injuries		315	(20)
Glenn Faries
F. Keith Battan
Advanced Life Support for Infants & Children		315	(6)
Emergency Pediatric Drugs		321	(1)
Approach to the Seriously III Child		321	(2)
Approach to the Pediatric Trauma Patient		323	(4)
Head Injury		327	(1)
Burns		328	(4)
Hypothermia		332	(1)
Submersion Injuries		333	(1)
Bites: Animal & Human		333	(2)
Poisoning		335	(26)
Richard C. Dart
Barry H. Rumack
Management of Specific Common Poisonings		339	(22)
Critical Care		361	(39)
Todd C. Carpenter
Emily L. Dobyns
Eva N. Grayck
Peter M. Mourani
Margaret A. Ferguson
Kurt R. Stenmark
Acute Respiratory Failure		361	(5)
Mechanical Ventilation		366	(2)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome		368	(4)
Asthma (Life-Threatening)		372	(3)
Shock		375	(7)
Indications for Central Venous & Arterial Cannulation		382	(3)
Brain Injury/Cerebral Edema		385	(4)
Ethical Deliberation & End-of-Life Care in the PICU		389	(2)
Nutritional Support of the Critically III Child		391	(4)
Pain & Anxiety Control		395	(5)
Skin		400	(20)
Joseph G. Morelli
Joanna M. Burch
General Principles of Diagnosis of Skin Disorders		400	(1)
General Principles of Treatment of Skin Disorders		400	(2)
Disorders of the Skin in Newborns		402	(4)
Common Skin Diseases in Infants, Children, & Adolescents		406	(14)
Eye		420	(29)
Rebecca Sands
Arlene Drack
Common Nonspecific Signs & Symptoms		420	(1)
Refractive Errors		421	(1)
Examination		422	(3)
Ocular Trauma		425	(1)
Injuries to the Eyelids		426	(2)
Disorders of the Ocular Structures		428	(2)
Disorders of the Nasolacrimal System		430	(2)
Diseases of the Conjunctiva		432	(2)
Disorders of the Iris		434	(1)
Glaucoma		435	(1)
Uveitis		436	(1)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome & the Eye		437	(1)
Disorders of the Cornea		437	(1)
Disorders of the Lens		438	(1)
Disorders of the Retina		439	(2)
Diseases of the Optic Nerve		441	(2)
Diseases of the Orbit		443	(1)
Nystagmus		444	(1)
Amblyopia & Strabismus		444	(3)
Unexplained Decreased Vision in Infants & Children		447	(1)
The Blind Child		447	(1)
Learning Disabilities & Dyslexia		447	(1)
Vision Screening		447	(2)
Oral Medicine & Dentistry		449	(10)
William A. Mueller
Oral Examination of the Newborn & Infant		449	(2)
Eruption of the Teeth		451	(2)
Dental Caries & Periodontal Disease		453	(2)
Orofacial Trauma		455	(1)
Dental Emergencies		456	(1)
Antibiotics in Pediatric Dentistry		456	(1)
Special Patient Populations		456	(1)
Maternal-Fetal Relationship		457	(1)
Dental and Orthodontic Referral		458	(1)
Ear, Nose, & Throat		459	(34)
Peggy E. Kelley
Norman R. Friedman
Patricia J. Yoon
Candice E. Johnson
The Ear		459	(16)
The Nose & Paranasal Sinuses		475	(6)
The Throat & Oral Cavity		481	(12)
Respiratory Tract & Mediastinum		493	(49)
Gwendolyn S. Kerby
Frank J. Accurso
Robin R. Deterding
Vivek Balasubramaniam
Scott D. Sagel
Keith Cavanaugh
Respiratory Tract		493	(48)
Growth & Development		493	(1)
Diagnostic Aids		494	(3)
General Therapy of Pediatric Lung Diseases		497	(1)
Disorders of the Conducting Airways		498	(1)
Congenital Disorders of the Extrathoracic Airway		499	(1)
Acquired Disorders of the Extrathoracic Airway		500	(3)
Congenital Disorders of the Intrathoracic Airways		503	(1)
Acquired Disorders of the Intrathoracic Airways		504	(3)
Disorders of Mucociliary Clearance		507	(7)
Congenital Malformations of the Lung		514	(3)
Acquired Disorders Involving Alveoli		517	(12)
Diseases of the Pulmonary Circulation		529	(3)
Disorders of the Chest Wall		532	(4)
Disorders of Sleep		536	(1)
Apparent Life-Threatening Events in Infancy		537	(4)
Mediastinum		541	(1)
Cardiovascular Diseases		542	(63)
Henry M. Sondheimer
Angela T. Yetman
Shelley D. Miyamoto
Diagnostic Evaluation		542	(13)
Congenital Heart Disease		555	(25)
Acquired Heart Disease		580	(13)
Cardiac Transplantation		593	(12)
Gastrointestinal Tract		605	(33)
Judith M. Sondheimer
Evaluation of the Child with Vomiting		605	(1)
Gastroesophageal Reflux		605	(1)
Achalasia of the Esophagus		606	(1)
Caustic Burns of the Esophagus		607	(1)
Hiatal Hernia		607	(1)
Pyloric Stenosis		607	(1)
Peptic Disease		608	(1)
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia		609	(1)
Congenital Duodenal Obstruction		609	(1)
Congenital Intestinal Atresias & Stenoses		610	(1)
Annular Pancreas		610	(1)
Intestinal Malrotation with or without Volvulus		610	(1)
Meckel Diverticulum & Omphalomesenteric Duct Remnants		611	(1)
Duplications of the Gastrointestinal Tract		612	(1)
Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon (Hirschsprung Disease)		612	(1)
Chylous Ascites		613	(1)
Congenital Anorectal Anomalies		614	(1)
Acute Abdomen		615	(1)
Peritonitis		615	(1)
Acute Appendicitis		616	(1)
Intussusception		616	(1)
Foreign Bodies in the Alimentary Tract		617	(1)
Anal Fissure		617	(1)
Inguinal Hernia		618	(1)
Umbilical Hernia		618	(1)
Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract		618	(1)
Acute Infectious Diarrhea (Gastroenteritis)		619	(2)
Chronic Diarrhea		621	(2)
The Malabsorption Syndromes		623	(6)
Constipation		629	(1)
Gastrointestinal Bleeding		630	(1)
Recurrent Abdominal Pain		631	(2)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease		633	(5)
Liver & Pancreas		638	(46)
Ronald J. Sokol
Michael R. Narkewicz
Liver		638	(38)
Prolonged Neonatal Cholestatic Jaundice		638	(1)
Intrahepatic Cholestasis		638	(8)
Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (Byler Disease)		646	(1)
Neonatal Cholestasis		646	(2)
Other Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemic Conditions (Noncholestatic Nonhemolytic)		648	(3)
Hepatitis A		651	(2)
Hepatitis B		653	(2)
Hepatitis C		655	(1)
Hepatitis D (Delta Agent)		656	(1)
Hepatitis E		656	(1)
Other Hepatitis Viruses		656	(1)
Fulminant Hepatic Failure (Acute Massive Hepatic Necrosis, Acute Liver Failure)		657	(1)
Autoimmune Hepatitis		658	(2)
α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Liver Disease		660	(1)
Wilson Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)		661	(2)
Reye Syndrome (Encephalopathy with Fatty Degeneration of the Viscera)		663	(1)
Cirrhosis		664	(1)
Portal Hypertension		665	(5)
Biliary Tract Disease		670	(3)
Pyogenic & Amebic Liver Abscess		673	(1)
Hepatoma		674	(1)
Liver Transplantation		675	(1)
Pancreas		676	(8)
Acute Pancreatitis		676	(1)
Chronic Pancreatitis		677	(1)
Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis		678	(1)
Syndromes with Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency		678	(4)
Isolated Exocrine Pancreatic Enzyme Defect		682	(1)
Pancreatic Tumors		682	(2)
Kidney & Urinary Tract		684	(24)
Gary M. Lum
Evaluation of the Kidney & Urinary Tract		684	(4)
Congenital Anomalies of the Urinary Tract		688	(1)
Hematuria & Glomerular Disease		689	(4)
Diseases of the Renal Vessels		693	(2)
Renal Failure		695	(5)
Inherited or Developmental Defects of the Urinary Tract		700	(5)
Urinary Tract Infections		705	(3)
Neurologic & Muscular Disorders		708	(79)
Paul G. Moe
Timothy A. Benke
Tim J. Bernard
Neurologic Assessment & Neurodiagnostic Procedures		708	(7)
Disorders Affecting the Nervous System in Infants & Children		715	(48)
Infections & Inflammatory Disorders of the Central Nervous System		763	(8)
Disorders of Childhood Affecting Muscles		771	(11)
Miscellaneous Neuromuscular Disorders		782	(5)
Orthopaedics		787	(19)
Robert E. Eilert
Disturbances of Prenatal Origin		787	(4)
Growth Disturbances of the Musculoskeletal System		791	(3)
Degenerative Problems (Arthritis, Bursitis, & Tenosynovitis)		794	(1)
Trauma		794	(3)
Infections of the Bones & Joints		797	(3)
Vascular Lesions & Avascular Necrosis (Osteochondroses)		800	(1)
Neurologic Disorders Involving the Musculoskeletal System		801	(2)
Miscellaneous Diseases of Bone		803	(3)
Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine		806	(16)
Pamela E. Wilson
Dennis J. Matthews
Basic Principles		806	(8)
Common Sports Medicine Issues and Injuries		814	(8)
Rheumatic Diseases		822	(8)
J. Roger Hollister
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (Juvenile Chronic Arthritis)		822	(2)
Spondyloarthropathy		824	(1)
Enteropathic Arthritis		825	(1)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus		825	(2)
Dermatomyositis (Polymyositis)		827	(1)
Polyarteritis Nodosa		828	(1)
Scleroderma		828	(1)
Raynaud Phenomenon		828	(1)
Hypermobility Syndrome		829	(1)
Hematologic Disorders		830	(55)
Daniel R. Ambruso
Taru Hays
Neil A. Goldenberg
Bone Marrow Failure		830	(3)
Anemias		833	(20)
Polycythemia & Methemoglobinemia		853	(1)
Disorders of Leukocytes		854	(5)
Bleeding Disorders		859	(13)
Thrombotic Disorders		872	(2)
Splenic Abnormalities		874	(1)
Transfusion Medicine		874	(11)
Neoplastic Disease		885	(32)
Kelly Maloney
Brian S. Greffe
Nicholas K. Foreman
Christopher C. Porter
Doug K. Graham
Kelly Sawczyn
Roger H. Giller
Ralph R. Quinones
Amy K. Keating
Major Pediatric Neoplastic Diseases		885	(26)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation		911	(2)
Late Effects of Pediatric Cancer Therapy		913	(4)
Immunodeficiency		917	(18)
Andrew H. Liu
Lora J. Stewart
Richard B. Johnston Jr.
Immunodeficiency Evaluation: Primary Considerations		917	(5)
Antibody Deficiency Syndromes		922	(3)
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases		925	(2)
IL-7-Receptor-Alpha-Chain Deficiency		927	(1)
Other Combined Immunodeficiency Disorders		927	(3)
Phagocytic Defects		930	(1)
Complement Defects		931	(1)
Other Well Defined Immunodeficiency Syndromes		932	(1)
Genetic Syndromes Associated with Immunodeficiency		933	(1)
Graft-Versus-Host Disease		934	(1)
Endocrine Disorders		935	(43)
Philip S. Zeitler
Sharon H. Travers
Francis Hoe
Kristen Nadeau
Michael S. Kappy
General Concepts		935	(2)
Disturbances of Growth		937	(7)
The Posterior Pituitary Gland		944	(2)
The Theroid Gland		946	(7)
Disorders of Calcium Homeostasis		953	(7)
The Gonads (Ovaries & Testes)		960	(8)
Adrenal Cortex		968	(10)
Diabetes Mellitus		978	(8)
H. Peter Chase
George S. Eisenbarth
General Considerations		978	(1)
Etiology		978	(1)
Prevention		978	(1)
Diagnosis		979	(1)
Treatment		979	(3)
Laboratory Evaluations		982	(1)
Acute Complications		983	(1)
Chronic Complications		984	(2)
Inborn Errors of Metabolism		986	(25)
Janet A. Thomas
Johan L. K. Van Hove
Diagnosis		986	(4)
Management of Metabolic Emergencies		990	(1)
Newborn Screening		990	(1)
Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism		991	(2)
Disorders of Energy Metabolism		993	(2)
Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism		995	(4)
Organic Acidemias		999	(4)
Disorders of Fatty Acid Oxidation & Carnitine		1003	(1)
Lysosomal Diseases		1004	(1)
Peroxisomal Diseases		1005	(3)
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation		1008	(1)
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome & Disorders of Cholesterol Synthesis		1009	(1)
Disorders of Neurotransmitter Metabolism		1009	(1)
Creatine Synthesis Disorders		1010	(1)
Genetics & Dysmorphology		1011	(38)
Ellen R. Elias
Anne Chun-Hui Tsai
David K. Manchester
Foundations of Genetic Diagnosis		1011	(20)
Chromosomal Disorders: Abnormal Number		1031	(1)
Sex Chromosomes		1032	(1)
Chromosomal Abnormalities: Structural		1033	(11)
Common Recognizable Disorders with Variable or Unknown Cause		1044	(5)
Allergic Disorders		1049	(29)
Mark Boguniewicz
Major Allergic Disorders Seen in Pediatric Practice		1049	(29)
Asthma		1049	(11)
Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis		1060	(2)
Atopic Dermatitis		1062	(5)
Urticaria & Angioedema		1067	(2)
Anaphylaxis		1069	(2)
Adverse Reactions to Drugs & Biologicals		1071	(4)
Food Allergy		1075	(1)
Insect Allergy		1076	(2)
Antimicrobial Therapy		1078	(20)
John W. Ogle
Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy		1078	(1)
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing		1079	(2)
Alteration of Dose & Measurement of Blood Levels		1081	(6)
The Use of New Antimicrobial Agents		1087	(1)
Prophylactic Antimicrobial Agents		1087	(1)
Initial Empiric Antimicrobial Choices for Selected Conditions		1088	(2)
Specific Antimicrobial Agents		1090	(8)
Infections: Viral & Rickesttsial		1098	(42)
Myron J. Levin
Adriana Weinberg
Viral Infections		1098	(42)
Respiratory Infections		1098	(12)
Infections Due to Enteroviruses		1110	(4)
Infections Due to Herpesviruses		1114	(11)
Viral Infections Spread By Insect Vectors		1125	(3)
Other Major Viral Childhood Exanthems		1128	(5)
Infections Due to Other Viruses		1133	(3)
Rickettsial Infections		1136	(4)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection		1140	(12)
Elizabeth J. McFarland
General Considerations		1140	(1)
Mode of Transmission and Epidemiology		1140	(1)
Pathogenesis		1141	(1)
Clinical Findings		1142	(2)
Differential Diagnosis		1144	(1)
Prevention		1145	(1)
Treatment		1145	(5)
Prognosis		1150	(1)
Public Health Issues		1150	(1)
Summary		1151	(1)
Infections: Bacterial & Spirochetal		1152	(62)
John W. Ogle
Marsha S. Anderson
Bacterial Infections		1152	(53)
Spirochetal Infections		1205	(9)
Infections: Parasitic & Mycotic		1214	(39)
Adriana Weinberg
Myron J. Levin
Parasitic Infections		1214	(16)
Protozoal Infections		1214	(16)
Metazoal Infections		1230	(9)
Mycotic Infections		1239	(14)
Sexually Transmitted Infections		1253	(21)
Ann-Christine Nyquist
Eric J. Sigel
Myron J. Levin
The Most Common Antibiotic-Responsive Sexually Transmitted Infections		1255	(7)
The Spectrum of Sexually Transmitted Infections		1262	(11)
Evaluation of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Sexual Abuse and Assault		1273	(1)
Fluid, Electrolyte, & Acid-Base Disorders & Therapy		1274	(9)
Douglas M. Ford
Regulation of Body Fluids, Electrolytes, & Tonicity		1274	(2)
Acid-Base Balance		1276	(1)
Fluid & Electrolyte Management		1276	(5)
Dehydration		1277	(2)
Hyponatremia		1279	(1)
Hypernatremia		1279	(1)
Potassium Disorders		1280	(1)
Acid-Base Disturbances		1281	(2)
Metabolic Acidosis		1281	(1)
Metabolic Alkalosis		1282	(1)
Respiratory Acidosis		1282	(1)
Respiratory Alkalosis		1282	(1)
Information Technology in Pediatrics		1283	(10)
Carol S. Kamin
Lifelong Learning		1283	(3)
Consultation		1286	(1)
Clinical Support		1286	(5)
Patient Education		1291	(2)
Chemistry & Hematology Reference Intervals		1293	(14)
Georgette Siparsky
Frank J. Accurso
Determining & Interpreting Pediatric Reference Intervals		1293	(14)
Index		1307

William W. Hay, Jr., MD Professor, Department of Pediatrics Director, Training Program in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Director, Neonatal Clinical Research Center University of Colorado School of Medicine and The Childrens Hospital, Denver





Myron J. Levin, MD Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine Head, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases University of Colorado School of Medicine and The Childrens Hospital, Denver





Judith M. Sondheimer, MD Professor of Pediatrics; Director, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition





Robin R. Deterding, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics; Director, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology