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El. knyga: Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Renewable Energy Integrated with Membrane Operations

Edited by (Senior Researcher, Institute on Membrane Technology of the Italian National Research Council, ITM-CNR, University of Calbria, Rende, Italy), Edited by (Institute on Membrane Technology), Edited by (Senior Researcher, ITM-CNR, University of Calabria, Italy)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 12-Sep-2018
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128135464
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Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Renewable Energy Integrated with Membrane OperationsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 12-Sep-2018
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128135464
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Current Trends and Future Developments in (Bio-) Membranes: Renewable Energy Integrated with Membrane Operations offers an overview of advanced technologies in the field of water desalination, wastewater treatment and hydrogen production that is coupled with renewable energy sources. Membrane processes are well-recognized technologies in the field of water and wastewater treatment. This book reviews their potential and lists new technologies which allow for the use of solar, hydroelectric, wind, hydrothermal and other forms of renewable energy with the same effect. In addition, it highlights what has already been achieved in the integration of membrane reactors and energy produced by biomass.

  • Provides an overview of the interconnections between membrane technology and renewable energy sources
  • Provides a comprehensive review of advanced research on membrane processes for water desalination, wastewater treatment and hydrogen production
  • Relates the various processes to energy sources, including solar, wind, biomass and geothermal energy
  • Addresses key issues involved in the use of renewable energy in wastewater treatment
Contributors xiii
Preface xvii
Chapter 1 Wastewater Treatment by Renewable Energy Driven Membrane Processes
1(20)
Yang Zhang
Thomas Rottiers
Boudewijn Meesschaert
Luc Pinoy
Bart Van der Bruggen
1 Introduction
1(1)
2 Wastewater Classification
2(1)
3 Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Renewable Energy-Driven Membrane Process
3(6)
3.1 (Semi-)distributed Domestic Wastewater Treatment System Using Membrane Module Driven by Renewable Energies
3(4)
3.2 Resource Recovery From WWTP by Membrane Integrated Process Driven by Renewable Energy
7(2)
4 Treatment of Industrial Wastewater With High Salinity
9(6)
4.1 Industrial Wastewater: State-of-the-Art
9(1)
4.2 Renewable Energy Powered Industrial Wastewater Treatment System
10(1)
4.3 Membrane Technologies for Treatment of High Salinity Wastewater
11(4)
5 Conclusions and Future Trends
15(6)
List of Acronyms
16(1)
References
16(5)
Chapter 2 Water Desalination by (Nonsolar) Renewable Energy-Powered RO Systems
21(24)
I. Nuez
A. Ruiz-Garcia
1 Introduction
21(1)
2 Developing State of Wind Power
22(8)
2.1 Grid-Connected Wind Farms
23(3)
2.2 Stand-Alone Systems. Small Wind Turbines
26(2)
2.3 Wind Power Output
28(2)
3 Components of RO Desalination Plants
30(3)
3.1 Energy Consumption in RO Desalination Plants
32(1)
3.2 Operation and Maintenance of RO Desalination Plants
33(1)
4 Wind Turbines and RO Desalination
33(6)
4.1 Layout of WT-RO Systems
35(2)
4.2 Effects of WT-RO Integration
37(2)
5 Conclusions and Future Trends
39(6)
List of Acronyms
40(1)
List of Symbols
40(1)
References
40(5)
Chapter 3 Water Desalination by Solar-Powered RO Systems
45(40)
Agustin M. Delgado-Torres
Lourdes Garcia-Rodriguez
Baltasar Penate
Juan A. de la Fuente
Gustavo Melian
1 Introduction
45(1)
2 Solar Thermal-Powered RO Desalination Systems
46(24)
2.1 General Layout
46(1)
2.2 Conversion of the Solar Energy Resource: Solar Thermal Technologies
47(7)
2.3 Power Cycles for Solar Energy Conversion
54(2)
2.4 Solar-Thermal Powered RO Systems
56(14)
3 PV-RO Desalination: State of the Art and Case Study
70(15)
3.1 Generalities
70(3)
3.2 PV-RO Experiences
73(3)
3.3 Case Study of a PV-RO System Working With Constant Production Capacity (With Batteries) vs. Variable (Battery-Less)
76(1)
3.4 Conclusions and Future Trends
77(2)
List of Acronyms
79(1)
List of Symbols
80(1)
References
81(3)
Further Reading
84(1)
Chapter 4 Renewable Energy-Powered Membrane Technology: Cost Analysis and Energy Consumption
85(26)
Manoj Chandra Garg
1 Introduction
85(1)
2 Commonly Employed Desalination Technologies
86(2)
2.1 Multi-Stage Flash (MSF)
86(1)
2.2 Multi-Effect Distillation (MED)
87(1)
2.3 Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC)
87(1)
2.4 Electrodialysis (ED)
87(1)
2.5 Reverse Osmosis (RO)
88(1)
3 Desalination Systems Powered by Solar Energy
88(14)
3.1 Thermal-Based Solar Distillation
88(2)
3.2 Solar-Pond
90(1)
3.3 Solar Membrane Distillation
90(1)
3.4 Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Desalination
90(1)
3.5 Solar Photovoltaic Assisted Membrane Systems
91(11)
3.6 PV-ED (EDR) System
102(1)
4 Desalination Systems Powered by Wind Energy
102(1)
4.1 Wind-RO System
102(1)
4.2 Wind-MVC System
102(1)
5 Desalination Systems Powered by Geothermal Energy
103(1)
6 Conclusions and Future Trends
103(8)
List of Acronyms
104(1)
References
105(5)
Further Reading
110(1)
Chapter 5 Desalination by Renewable Energy-Powered Electrodialysis Processes
111(22)
Carolina Fernandez-Gonzalez
Antonio Dominguez-Ramos
Raquel Ibanez
Angel Irabien
1 Introduction
111(3)
2 Renewable Electrodialysis: State-of-the-Art
114(4)
3 Environmental Issues of ED Associated to Energy Consumption
118(3)
4 The Economy of Renewable vs. Conventional Membrane Desalination
121(3)
5 Technical and Economic Barriers for the Integration of ED With Renewable Energies
124(2)
6 Conclusions and Future Trends
126(7)
List of Acronyms
128(1)
Acknowledgments
128(1)
References
128(5)
Chapter 6 Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Reverse Electrodialysis as Power Generation Membrane Systems
133
Bopeng Zhang
Haiping Gao
Xin Tong
Su Liu
Lan Gan
Yongsheng Chen
1 Introduction to Salinity Gradient Energy
133(1)
2 Forward Osmosis and Pressure Retarded Osmosis
134(5)
2.1 Difference Between FO and PRO
134(1)
2.2 Desired Membrane Properties
135(1)
2.3 Membrane Materials and Synthesis
136(3)
3 Reverse Electrodialysis
139(7)
3.1 Key Membrane Properties Concerned in Salinity Gradient Power (SGP) Generation
140(1)
3.2 RED Specific Membrane
141(4)
3.3 Potential of RED Systems in SGP Generation
145(1)
4 Integrated and Hybrid Systems
146(1)
5 Conclusions and Future Trends
147
List of Acronyms
148(1)
References
149
Chapter 7 Renewable Energy-Powered Membrane Systems for Water Desalination
53(126)
A. Albloushi
A. Giwa
D. Mukherjee
V. Calabro
A. Cassano
S. Chakraborty
S.W. Hasan
1 Introduction
153(1)
2 Solar Photovoltaic and Thermal Energy Integrated With Membrane Operations
154(16)
2.1 Membrane Distillation Processes Driven by Thermal Solar Energy
155(4)
2.2 RO Driven by Solar PV
159(3)
2.3 ED Driven by PV
162(3)
2.4 Electrodialysis Reversal---RO Driven by Solar Energy
165(2)
2.5 FO Driven by Solar Energy
167(1)
2.6 Modeling of Renewable Energy-Powered Membrane Desalination Systems
167(3)
3 Wind Energy Integrated With Membrane Operations
170(2)
4 Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Integrated With Membrane Operations
172(1)
5 Conclusions and Future Trends
172(7)
List of Acronyms
173(1)
References
173(6)
Chapter 8 Water Treatment by Renewable Energy-Driven Membrane Distillation
179(34)
Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Nooshin Moradi Kazerooni
Mahboubeh Parhoudeh
1 Introduction
179(1)
2 Membrane Distillation
180(5)
2.1 Principles
180(1)
2.2 Configurations
180(4)
2.3 Advantages and Drawbacks
184(1)
3 Membrane and Modules
185(6)
3.1 Membrane Material
185(2)
3.2 Membrane Parameters
187(2)
3.3 Modules
189(2)
4 Transport Phenomena
191(3)
4.1 Heat Transfer
192(1)
4.2 Mass Transfer
193(1)
4.3 Performance Parameters
193(1)
5 Solar Collecting Technologies
194(3)
5.1 Solar Thermal
194(3)
5.2 Solar Photovoltaic
197(1)
6 MD Systems Integrated With Solar Energy Collectors
197(4)
6.1 MD Integrated With Vacuum or Flat Plate Collectors
199(1)
6.2 MD Integrated With Parabolic Trough Collectors and Solar Stills
200(1)
7 Geothermal Energy Technology
201(2)
7.1 MD Systems Integrated With Geothermal Energy
203(1)
8 Conclusion and Future Trends
203(10)
List of Acronyms
204(1)
List of Symbols
205(1)
References
206(5)
Further Reading
211(2)
Chapter 9 Study of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell System for Stand-Alone Applications
213(22)
N.S. Jayalakshmi
1 Introduction
213(1)
2 Hybrid Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell System for Stand-Alone Applications
214(4)
2.1 PV Generator and Configurations of PV Systems
215(2)
2.2 Fuel Cell System
217(1)
2.3 Energy Storage Devices
217(1)
3 Modeling of Hybrid System With PV/FC/SC System
218(5)
3.1 PV Arrays
219(2)
3.2 Modeling Fuel Cell System
221(1)
3.3 Supercapacitors
222(1)
4 Control Strategies of Hybrid PV/Fuel Cell System
223(3)
4.1 Maximum Power Point Controller of PV System
224(1)
4.2 Control Strategy of Inverter
224(1)
4.3 Design of LCL Filter
225(1)
4.4 Power Balancing Controller
226(1)
5 Simulation Results and Discussion
226(6)
6 Conclusions and Future Trends
232(3)
Abbreviations
232(1)
Symbols
233(1)
References
234(1)
Chapter 10 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Technologies Integrated With Renewable Energy for Hydrogen Production
235(26)
Sarbjit Giddey
Sukhvinder P.S. Badwal
HyungKuk Ju
1 Introduction
235(3)
2 Water Electrolysis
238(4)
2.1 Proton Conducting Membrane Systems
239(1)
2.2 Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) Systems
240(2)
3 Hydrogen Production Via Co-Electrolysis of Ammonia and Water
242(2)
4 Carbon Assisted Water Electrolysis
244(3)
5 Alcohol Assisted Water Electrolysis
247(2)
6 Ammonia Production With RE
249(2)
7 In Situ CO2 Hydrogenation With Water Co-Electrolysis
251(2)
8 Integration of PEM Water Electrolyzers to Renewable Energy Sources
253(1)
9 Conclusion and Future Trends
254(7)
Acknowledgments
255(1)
List of Acronyms
255(1)
References
255(6)
Chapter 11 Solar Energy for Pure Hydrogen Production Using Inorganic Membrane Reactor
Abbas Aghaeinejad-Meybodi
Kamran Ghasemzadeh
1 Introduction
261(1)
2 Inorganic Membranes and MRs
262(2)
3 Solar Concentration Systems
264(3)
4 Solar Energy for Hydrogen Production Using Inorganic MR
267(18)
4.1 Application of Solar Inorganic MRs in Water Splitting
267(5)
4.2 Application of Solar Inorganic MRs in Water Electrolysis
272(3)
4.3 Application of Solar Inorganic MRs in Reforming Processes
275(10)
5 The Main Challenges
285(1)
6 Conclusions and Future Trends
286(7)
List of Acronyms
287(1)
References
288(5)
Chapter 12 Power Production by Biomass Gasification Technologies
293(26)
Antonio Molino
Massimo Migliori
Vincenzo Larocca
Tiziana Marino
Alberto Figoli
Patrizia Casella
Pierpaolo Iovane
Antonietta Cerbone
Jury Rimauro
Antonio Donatelli
1 Gasification Technologies for Power Production
293(4)
1.1 Fixed Bed Gasifier
294(1)
1.2 Updraft Gasifier
295(1)
1.3 Downdraft Gasifier
295(1)
1.4 FBG
296(1)
1.5 BFB
296(1)
1.6 CFB
297(1)
2 Membrane Technology for Hydrogen Separation from Syngas
297(4)
2.1 Hydrogen Transport Membranes
298(3)
3 ICE
301(3)
3.1 Classification of ICE
301(2)
3.2 Syngas Use in Compression Ignition Engines
303(1)
3.3 Syngas Use in Spark Ignition Engines
303(1)
4 ORC
304(6)
5 FCs
310(4)
5.1 FCs Classification
310(2)
5.2 Gas Quality Effect on FC Performances
312(1)
5.3 Biomass Gasification and FCs Operation
313(1)
6 Conclusions
314(5)
List of Acronyms
314(1)
References
315(3)
Further Reading
318(1)
Chapter 13 Membrane Gas Separation Combined With Renewable Energy Systems
319(36)
V.V. Teplyakov
M.G. Shalygin
D.A. Syrtsova
A.I. Netrusov
1 Introduction
319(4)
2 Application and Potential of Standard Membrane Technology for Recovery and Conditioning of Energy Resources of Bio-Origin
323(13)
2.1 Modern Polymers and Polymeric Membranes for Gas Separation
323(8)
2.2 The Production of Methane From Biogas
331(2)
2.3 Application and Potential of Standard Membrane Technology for Biosyngas Conditioning
333(3)
3 Combined Membrane Systems for Recovery of Energy Carriers From Gaseous and Vapors Mixtures
336(14)
3.1 Hydrogen Recovery
336(5)
3.2 Membrane Contactors for Hydrogen (Methane) Recovery From Gaseous Mixtures of Bio-Origin
341(3)
3.3 Bioalcohols Recovery via Membrane Vapor Permeation Technique
344(6)
4 Conclusions and Future Trends
350(5)
List of Acronyms
350(1)
References
351(3)
Further Reading
354(1)
Chapter 14 MBR and Integration With Renewable Energy Toward Suitable Autonomous Wastewater Treatment
355(30)
Ephraim Gukelberger
Bartolo Gabriele
Jan Hoinkis
Alberto Figoli
1 Introduction
355(2)
2 Membrane Bioreactor
357(5)
2.1 Introducing MBR Technology
357(1)
2.2 MBR Setup
358(2)
2.3 Energy Consumption MBR Systems
360(2)
3 Energy Efficiency Improvement Strategies
362(5)
3.1 Aeration/Air Scouring Adaptability
363(1)
3.2 Control Strategies and Theoretical Approach
364(1)
3.3 Membrane Functionalization
365(2)
4 Decentralized MBR Applications
367(2)
5 Renewable Energy System
369(9)
5.1 Biogas Production by Anaerobic MBR
372(2)
5.2 Fuel Cells and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Units for Private Biogas Use
374(3)
5.3 A Possible, Decentralized, and Autonomous MBR Plant
377(1)
6 Conclusion and Future Trends
378(7)
List of Acronyms
378(1)
References
379(6)
Chapter 15 Integrating Pressure-Retarded Osmosis and Membrane Distillation
385(18)
Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Sajjad Mohsenpour
1 Introduction
385(1)
2 MD Process
386(2)
2.1 Membranes Used in MD Process
388(1)
3 PRO Process
388(4)
3.1 Water Penneability
390(1)
3.2 Concentration Polarization
390(1)
3.3 Membranes Used in PRO System
391(1)
4 PRO-MD Hybrid System
392(6)
5 Conclusions and Future Trends
398(5)
List of Acronyms
398(1)
List of Symbols
399(1)
References
399(4)
Index 403
Angelo Basile, a Chemical Engineer with a Ph.D. in Technical Physics, was a senior Researcher at the ITM-CNR as a responsible for the research related to both ultra-pure hydrogen production and CO2 capture using Pd-based Membrane Reactors. He is a reviewer for 165 int. journals, an editor/author of more than 50 scientific books and 140 chapters on international books on membrane science and technology; with various patens (7 Italian, 2 European, and 1 worldwide). He is a referee of 1more than 150 international scientific journals and a Member of the Editorial Board of more than 20 of them. Basile is also an associate editor of the: Int. J. Hydrogen Energy; Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Eng.; journal Frontiers in Membrane Science and Technology; and co-Editor-in-chief of the Int. J. Membrane Science & Technol.



Alfredo Cassano, a Biologist, is senior Researcher at ITM-CNR since 2000. He has a long experience in the field of membrane science and technology with research expertise including pressure-driven membrane processes, membrane contactors and integrated membrane operations mainly applied to wastewater treatments and agro-food productions. Cassano also prepared 4 special issues on membrane science and technology for 3 international journals (Membranes, Foods and Journal of Membrane Science and Research). He is involved as scientific responsible or main investigator in different national projects with both Italian Ministry of Education, University & Research and private companies and international projects funded by EU. He has been tutoring of 28 Thesis for master and Ph.D. students at ITM-CNR. Dr. Alberto Figoli obtained his PhD degree at Membrane Technology Group, Twente University (Enschede, The Netherlands) in 2001. He graduated in Food Science and Technology at the Agriculture University of Milan 1996. Since December 2001, he has a permanent position as Researcher at Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR) in Rende (CS), Italy.He also had international experience in industrial research labs: about 1 year (1996) at Quest International Nederland B.V. (ICI), Process Research Group, Naarden (The Netherlands) on Setting of a pilot plant for aromatic compounds extraction using the pervaporation (PV) membrane technology”; Secondment in 2010 and 2011 at GVS, SpA, Bologna, within the EU project Implementation of Membrane Technology to Industry” (IMETI) on Preparation and Characterisation of hybrid membranes for VOCs removal”.He was granted for the Short Term Mobility Programme” by CNR, in 2004 and 2005, at the Environmental Protection Agency of United States (USEPA)”, Sustainable Technology Division, Cincinnati (USA) on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and aroma removal using a novel asymmetric membrane by pervaporation” nellambito dello Short Term Mobility Programme” funded CNR.He is responsible and involved in various National and International projects. He is also responsible, within the CNR organisation, for two research lines on membrane preparation and characterisation and on pervaporation (PV) applications.He is author of more than 60 research papers in peer reviewed journals, several book chapters, a book, two patents and many oral presentations (also as invited lecture) in National and International Conferences and Workshops.
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