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Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Photocatalytic Membranes and Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors [Minkštas viršelis]

Edited by (Senior Researcher, ITM-CNR, University of Calabria, Italy), Edited by (Chemical Engineer and Professor of), Edited by (Full Professor, Institute of Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 376 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x191 mm, weight: 770 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Jun-2018
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128135492
  • ISBN-13: 9780128135495
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 376 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x191 mm, weight: 770 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Jun-2018
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128135492
  • ISBN-13: 9780128135495
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Photocatalytic Membranes and Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors offers a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art in the area of PMs and PMRs. The book gives an overview of the basis of photocatalysis and membrane separation and the basic aspects of photocatalytic membranes and photocatalytic membrane reactors, along with their applications, modeling, and the economic aspects of PMs and PMRs. The book addresses the main issues associated with PMRs design and tries to predict how long it will be before laboratory scale models can be scaled to the PMR industry.

  • Reviews new hybrid separation techniques based on photocatalysis and membranes
  • Offers a detailed description of the various photocatalytic membrane reactors and their function
  • Includes new membrane based separation techniques for the removal of emerging contaminants from water, such as pharmaceutical and personal care products
  • Discusses numerous reactor configurations and various membrane materials for photocatalytic membranes
  • Includes the modeling and economic aspects of various processes
List of Contributors
xi
Preface xiii
Chapter 1 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: A Promising Advanced Oxidation Process
1(44)
Vittorio Loddo
Marianna Bellardita
Giovanni Camera-Roda
Francesco Parrino
Leonardo Palmisano
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 Fundamentals and Mechanisms of Ti02 Photocatalysis
3(10)
1.2.1 Conductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors
3(1)
1.2.2 Properties of Semiconductor Materials
4(5)
1.2.3 Photocatalytic Processes
9(4)
1.3 Visible Light Activity of Modified Ti02
13(2)
1.4 Photocatalytic Syntheses Versus Photodegradations
15(1)
1.5 Operational Parameters
16(2)
1.5.1 pH
16(1)
1.5.2 Oxygen Concentration
17(1)
1.5.3 Temperature Dependence
18(1)
1.6 Photocatalytic Reactor Modeling
18(15)
1.6.1 Kinetics of Photocatalytic Processes
22(7)
1.6.2 Coupling Photocatalysis With Other Advanced Oxidation Processes
29(1)
1.6.3 Ti02/H202 Photocatalysis
29(2)
1.6.4 Ti02/S2082~ Photocatalysis
31(1)
1.6.5 Ti02/03 Photocatalysis
32(1)
1.7 Conclusions and Future Trends
33(12)
List of Acronyms and Symbols
35(1)
References
36(9)
Chapter 2 Membranes and Membrane Processes: Fundamentals
45(26)
Norfazliana Abdullah
Mukhlis A. Rahman
Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
Juhana Jaafar
Ahmad F. Ismail
2.1 Introduction
45(2)
2.2 History of Membrane Technology
47(2)
2.3 Classification of Membranes
49(1)
23.1 Membrane Materials
49(5)
2.3.2 Membrane Geometry
50(3)
2.3.3 Membrane Morphology
53(1)
2.4 Fabrication of Polymeric Membranes
54(4)
2.5 Membrane Operations
58(5)
2.5.1 Examples of Pressure-Driven Membrane Operations
58(1)
2.5.2 Examples of Concentration-Driven Membrane Operations
59(2)
2.5.3 Examples of Partial Pressure---Driven Membrane Operations
61(2)
2.6 Fouling Issues
63(2)
2.7 Conclusions and Future Trends
65(6)
List of Symbols
65(1)
List of Abbreviations
65(1)
Acknowledgments
66(1)
References
66(5)
Chapter 3 Materials and Design of Photocatalytic Membranes
71(26)
Xiaofang Chen
Yaoxin Hu
Zongli Xie
Huanting Wang
3.1 Introduction
71(2)
3.2 Design of Photocatalytic Membrane
73(17)
3.2.1 Substrate of Photocatalytic Membrane
73(2)
3.2.2 Fabrication of Photocatalytic Membranes
75(7)
3.2.3 Types of Photocatalysts Coupled With Membranes
82(8)
3.3 Conclusions and Future Trends
90(7)
List of Abbreviations
91(1)
References
92(4)
Further Reading
96(1)
Chapter 4 PMRs Utilizing Pressure-Driven Membrane Techniques
97(32)
Sylwia Mozia
Pietro Argurio
Raffaele Molinari
4.1 Introduction: General Overview of Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors Utilizing Pressure-Driven Membrane Techniques
97(2)
4.2 Membrane Fouling in Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors
99(4)
4.3 Stability of Membranes in Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors
103(6)
4.4 Operating Variables Influencing Permeate Quality in Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors
109(4)
4.5 Examples of Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor Configurations and Designs
113(9)
4.6 Summary and Conclusions
122(7)
List of Abbreviations
123(1)
References
124(5)
Chapter 5 PMRs Utilizing Non---Pressure-Driven Membrane Techniques
129(44)
Giovanni Camera-Roda
Vittorio Loddo
Leonardo Palmisano
Francesco Parrino
5.1 Introduction
129(3)
5.2 Photocatalysis Integrated With Pervaporation
132(20)
5.2.1 Principles of Pervaporation
132(3)
5.2.2 Membrane Reactor as a Unit Operation
135(8)
5.2.3 Applications of Pervaporation Photocatalytic Reactors
143(9)
5.3 Photocatalysis Integrated With Dialysis
152(4)
5.3.1 Principles of Dialysis
152(1)
5.3.2 Applications of Dialysis Photocatalytic Reactors
152(4)
5.4 Photocatalysis Integrated With Membrane Contactors
156(3)
5.4.1 Principles of Membrane Contactors
156(1)
5.4.2 Applications of Photocatalytic Reactors Integrated With Membrane Contactors
156(3)
5.5 Photocatalysis Integrated With Membrane Distillation
159(3)
5.5.1 Principles of Membrane Distillation
159(1)
5.5.2 Applications of Photocatalytic Reactors Integrated With Membrane Distillation
160(2)
5.6 Conclusions and Future Trends
162(11)
List of Symbols
165(2)
List of Acronyms
167(1)
References
167(6)
Chapter 6 Performance of Reactors With PMs
173(16)
Mohammad R. Rahimpour
Leila Mahmoodi
6.1 Introduction
173(2)
6.2 Configurations and Designs of Reactors With Photocatalytic Membranes
175(3)
6.3 Fouling in Reactors With Photocatalytic Membranes
178(4)
6.3.1 Foulant Type
179(1)
6.3.2 Fouling Control Strategies
180(2)
6.4 Overview of Applications of Reactors With Photocatalytic Membranes
182(3)
6.4.1 Water Treatment
182(1)
6.4.2 H2 Production
183(1)
6.4.3 C02 Conversion
184(1)
6.5 Conclusion and Future Trends
185(4)
List of Abbreviations
185(1)
References
186(2)
Further Reading
188(1)
Chapter 7 PMRs in Photodegradation of Organic Contaminants: Water and Wastewater Treatment
189(20)
Ali Moslehyani
Siti K. Hubadillah
Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
Ahmad F. Ismail
Takeshi Matsuura
7.1 Introduction
189(2)
7.2 Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors for Photodegradation of Organic Contaminants
191(12)
7.2.1 Oil and Grease
191(2)
7.2.2 Phenols
193(3)
7.2.3 Dye
196(6)
7.2.4 Other Contaminants
202(1)
7.3 Conclusions and Future Trends
203(6)
List of Abbreviations
204(1)
Acknowledgments
205(1)
References
206(3)
Chapter 8 PMRs in Photocatalytic Synthesis of Organic Compounds
209(24)
Raffaele Molinari
Pietro Argurio
8.1 Introduction. General Overview of Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors in Photocatalytic Synthesis of Organic Compounds
209(2)
8.2 Operating Variables Influencing Product Quality in Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors
211(4)
8.2.1 Photocatalyst Concentration
212(1)
8.2.2 Substrate Concentration
212(1)
8.2.3 Operating pH
212(1)
8.2.4 Wavelength and Light Intensity
213(1)
8.2.5 Other Species
214(1)
8.2.6 Membrane Properties
214(1)
8.3 Partial Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors
215(5)
8.3.1 Benzene Hydroxylation to Phenol
215(2)
8.3.2 Conversion of Aromatic Alcohols Into the Corresponding Aldehydes and Ferulic Acid Into Vanillin
217(3)
8.4 Reduction Reactions in Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors
220(6)
8.4.1 Photocatalytic Hydrogenation of Ketones
220(2)
8.4.2 Photocatalytic Reduction of C02 to Methanol
222(3)
8.4.3 Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitrite to Ammonia
225(1)
8.5 Conclusions and Future Trends
226(7)
List of Acronyms and Symbols
227(1)
References
227(6)
Chapter 9 How Far Are We From Large-Scale PMR Applications?
233(64)
Anastasios J. Karabelas
Konstantinos V. Plakas
Vasileios C. Sarasidis
9.1 Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors---Toward Technology Development
233(5)
9.2 Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor Technical Issues
238(29)
9.2.1 Categories of Technical Issues and Interrelations
238(1)
9.2.2 Assessment of Technical Issues
239(20)
9.2.3 Assessment of Operation Issues
259(4)
9.2.4 Performance Indicators
263(4)
9.3 Economic Issues
267(3)
9.3.1 Equipment---Capital Expenses
267(2)
9.3.2 Operating Expenses
269(1)
9.4 Sustainability Assessment
270(5)
9.5 Conclusions and Future Trends
275(22)
9.5.1 Overall Assessment
275(3)
9.5.2 R&D Priorities
278(3)
List of Acronyms
281(1)
List of Symbols
282(1)
References
282(9)
Appendix
291(6)
Chapter 10 Modeling Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors
297(20)
Kwang-Ho Choo
10.1 Introduction
297(1)
10.2 Reactor Configurations
298(3)
10.2.1 Photocatalytic Reactors With Catalytic Membranes
298(1)
10.2.2 Photocatalytic Reactors With Sidestream Membranes
299(1)
10.2.3 Photocatalytic Reactors With Submerged Membranes
300(1)
10.2.4 Hybrid Photocatalysis---Membrane Distillation
300(1)
10.3 Reaction Kinetic Models
301(8)
10.3.1 First- and Zeroth-Order Reaction Kinetics
301(3)
10.3.2 Noninteger Reaction Kinetics
304(1)
10.3.3 Two-Step Reaction Kinetics
305(2)
10.3.4 Effects of Background Species
307(2)
10.4 Continuous Flow Reactor Models
309(8)
10.4.1 Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor Model with First-Order Kinetics
309(2)
10.4.2 Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor Model With Zeroth-Order Kinetics
311(1)
10.4.3 Numerical Methods for Complex Continuous Flow Reactors
311(3)
Acknowledgment
314(1)
References
314(3)
Chapter 11 Economical Aspects in Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors
317(30)
Wolfgang M. Samhaber
Minh Tan Nguyen
11.1 Introduction
317(7)
11.1.1 Membrane Concepts With Photocatalyst
320(4)
11.2 Cost Estimation for Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor System
324(18)
11.2.1 Cost Estimation for Photocatalytic Part
324(12)
11.2.2 Cost Estimation for Membrane Part
336(6)
11.3 Conclusions and Future Trends
342(5)
List of Abbreviations
343(1)
Notation
343(1)
References
344(3)
Index 347
Angelo Basile, a Chemical Engineer with a Ph.D. in Technical Physics, was a senior Researcher at the ITM-CNR as a responsible for the research related to both ultra-pure hydrogen production and CO2 capture using Pd-based Membrane Reactors. He is a reviewer for 165 int. journals, an editor/author of more than 50 scientific books and 140 chapters on international books on membrane science and technology; with various patens (7 Italian, 2 European, and 1 worldwide). He is a referee of 1more than 150 international scientific journals and a Member of the Editorial Board of more than 20 of them. Basile is also an associate editor of the: Int. J. Hydrogen Energy; Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Eng.; journal Frontiers in Membrane Science and Technology; and co-Editor-in-chief of the Int. J. Membrane Science & Technol.



Sylwia Mozia is a Full Professor at the Institute of Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin (Poland). In 2010 she received her habilitation in technical sciences (specialization: inorganic chemical technology) based on the research on Photocatalytic membrane reactors in removal of contaminants from water”. Her research interests focus mainly on water/wastewater treatment with application of membrane processes, especially pressure driven membrane techniques and membrane distillation; hybrid membrane processes, microfiltration/ultrafiltration and photocatalytic membrane reactors. She is also working on advanced oxidation techniques, mainly heterogeneous photocatalysis. She is an author or co-author of 79 research papers (including 61 in ISI journals), 5 book chapters, over 100 conference abstracts, 7 Polish patents and 13 patent applications. Her h-index is 20, with 63 document results (21 Feb. 2016, www.scopus.com). She is the editor of Pol. J. Chem. Technol. and the associate editor of Int. J. Membrane Science & Technol. In 2007 she completed a 2-year postdoctoral fellowship at Oita University in Japan. She was a primary investigator in 5 research projects and a participant in ca. 15 research projects. She is the vice-president of Polish Membrane Society. In 2011-2013 she was a member of the Interdisciplinary group for activity promoting science appointed by Minister of Science and Higher Education in Poland and from 01.2014 she has been the chairman of the group. Raffaele Molinari, Chemical Engineer, is a full professor of Fundaments of Chemical Technologies, at the Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering of University of Calabria. He was the Coordinator of the Doctorate Course Chemical Engineering and Materials”, at University of Calabria from December 2007 to February 2016. Member of the Interuniversity Consortium "Chemistry for the Environment" (INCA), from 1994 to 2014 and member for University of Calabria in the Directive Council. Visiting Research Associate - Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University (USA), 1/7/87 - 30/6/88. Professor at Schools and Formation Courses, nationals and internationals Referee of international Journals Responsible of Plays of Chemistry (SCI) in Calabria Region (1995-2010). Italian responsible or co-responsible of some bilateral projects with Egypt and Morocco. Italian Responsible of the European Course COMETT - Advanced Course on Membrane Technology, Module 4: "Facilitated and Diffusional Transport & Membrane Bioreactors", year 1993 and year 1994 Responsible of various research projects such as Brite-EuRam III (1997-2000); PRIN (2004-2006), FIRB (2005-2008). Research interests in: Membrane processes. Catalytic and photocatalytic membrane reactors. Complexation reactions coupled with membranes (supported liquid membranes; ultrafiltration assisted by polymers). Saving, recovery and recycle of matter and Energy by membrane processes. Scientific activity documented by more than 140 papers published on books and Journals prevalently internationals, N.1 Italian patent, more than 190 publications on congress proceedings prevalently internationals, more than 95 oral communications at Seminars, Schools and Congresses prevalently internationals. h-index : 29, Total Citations: 3142, 102 cited documents (24 Feb 2016, www.scopus.com).