Preface |
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xiii | |
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1 Concepts in Dairy Herd Health |
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1 | (10) |
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Context of Dairy Herd Health: Why Improve the Health of Farmed Livestock? |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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Practical Implementation of Herd Health: Getting Started and Structuring the Health Visits |
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3 | (3) |
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Appreciating client aspirations |
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3 | (1) |
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Establishing farm-specific goals |
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4 | (1) |
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Measuring performance and setting targets: the importance of data recording and analysis |
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5 | (1) |
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Structure of the herd health visit |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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Other Factors to Consider for Successful Implementation of a Herd Health Programme |
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6 | (3) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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Relevance of genetics in herd health |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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References and Further Reading |
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9 | (2) |
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2 Facilitating Change in Herd Health |
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11 | (24) |
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11 | (1) |
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Encouraging farmers to take action: context and challenges |
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11 | (1) |
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To Change Human Behaviour, We Need First to Understand It |
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12 | (3) |
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Selfish human behaviour research applied to herd health |
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13 | (2) |
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How to Assist Farmers in Implementing Changes on the Farm |
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15 | (14) |
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First identify which stage the farmer has reached |
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16 | (1) |
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Stage I Moving from no intentions... to wanting to change |
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17 | (8) |
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Stage II The Giant Leap from wanting... to doing |
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25 | (3) |
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Stage III Keeping up the good work |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Facilitating Change: Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine |
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29 | (3) |
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What is evidence-based medicine? |
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30 | (2) |
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Conclusion: Facilitating Changes in Dairy Herd Health |
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32 | (1) |
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References and Further Reading |
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32 | (3) |
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3 Restoring the Dairy Herd: Rearing Youngstock and Replacing Cows |
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35 | (38) |
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35 | (7) |
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Dynamics of the dairy herd structure: culling and replacements |
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35 | (1) |
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Mortality and disease in youngstock |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (2) |
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Financial costs associated with culling of cows |
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40 | (1) |
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Welfare considerations of youngstock rearing |
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40 | (2) |
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Monitoring Youngstock Health |
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42 | (6) |
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Monitoring the neonatal period (including calving) |
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42 | (1) |
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Monitoring the pre-weaning period |
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42 | (2) |
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Monitoring the post-weaning period |
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44 | (2) |
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Monitoring first calving and lactation |
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46 | (1) |
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Monitoring culling in the adult herd |
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47 | (1) |
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Targets for Youngstock Rearing and Dairy Cow Culling |
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48 | (2) |
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Targets for the neonatal period (including calving) |
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48 | (1) |
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Targets for the pre-weaning period |
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49 | (1) |
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Targets for the post-weaning period |
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49 | (1) |
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Targets for first calving |
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49 | (1) |
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Targets for monitoring culled cows |
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49 | (1) |
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Disease Control in the Rearing Period |
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50 | (16) |
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Disease control in the neonatal period (including calving) |
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52 | (4) |
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Disease control in the pre-weaning period |
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56 | (4) |
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Disease control and fertility management in the post-weaning period |
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60 | (6) |
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66 | (1) |
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References and Further Reading |
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67 | (6) |
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4 Managing Herd Reproduction |
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73 | (44) |
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73 | (5) |
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The economics of fertility |
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73 | (1) |
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Current levels of reproductive performance |
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74 | (2) |
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Welfare and ethics of reproductive herd health |
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76 | (1) |
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Public health and reproduction |
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77 | (1) |
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Underlying Principles of Dairy Cow Reproduction |
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78 | (1) |
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Reproductive physiology and hormonal control of the oestrous cycle |
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78 | (1) |
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Monitoring Reproduction in Herd Health |
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78 | (14) |
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The practicalities of data recording |
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78 | (2) |
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Monitoring reproductive data on the farm |
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80 | (2) |
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Routine performance monitoring |
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82 | (8) |
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90 | (2) |
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Control of Herd Fertility: Enhancing Reproductive Performance |
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92 | (18) |
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Improving accuracy and rate of oestrus detection |
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93 | (7) |
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Improving pregnancy rates |
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100 | (6) |
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Controlling reproductive disease |
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106 | (4) |
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110 | (1) |
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References and Further Reading |
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111 | (6) |
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5 Control of Mastitis and Enhancement of Milk Quality |
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117 | (52) |
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117 | (8) |
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An internatioal perspective on mastitis and milk production |
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117 | (4) |
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The economics of bovine mastitis |
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121 | (2) |
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Welfare implications of bovine mastitis |
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123 | (1) |
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The public health implications and perception of bovine milk |
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123 | (2) |
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Underlying Principles of Disease |
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125 | (8) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (4) |
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Genetic susceptibility of the host |
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129 | (1) |
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Pathogens and their behaviour |
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129 | (2) |
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Major versus minor pathogens |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (6) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Selecting a diagnostic technique |
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136 | (3) |
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Monitoring and Analysis of Mastitis Data |
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139 | (8) |
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Monitoring and interpreting somatic cell count data |
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140 | (5) |
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Monitoring and interpreting clinical mastitis data |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (17) |
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147 | (3) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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Contagious mastitis control |
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151 | (5) |
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Environmental mastitis control |
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156 | (4) |
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Managing the milk-harvesting process |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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The role of the heifer in mastitis control |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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References and Further Reading |
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164 | (5) |
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169 | (36) |
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169 | (5) |
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Healthy feet and normal locomotion |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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Incidence and prevalence of lameness |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Farmer attitudes to lameness |
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172 | (2) |
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Evaluating and Monitoring Lameness |
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174 | (9) |
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The importance of good farm records |
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174 | (1) |
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Setting up a locomotion scoring system on the farm |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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Methods of recording locomotion and lesions |
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177 | (1) |
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Practical use of lameness data |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (1) |
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The future of monitoring lameness in dairy herds |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (16) |
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Treatment of clinical cases |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (1) |
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Foot bathing and disinfection |
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188 | (2) |
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Management of cow groups and movements |
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190 | (2) |
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Lying time and cubicle comfort |
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192 | (1) |
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Standing times and concrete surfaces |
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193 | (3) |
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Cleanliness and slurry management |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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References and Further Reading |
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200 | (5) |
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7 Control of Infectious Disease |
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205 | (22) |
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205 | (2) |
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Principles of infectious disease control |
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205 | (1) |
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Introduction of a new pathogen |
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205 | (1) |
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Spread of a new pathogen within a herd |
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206 | (1) |
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Persistence of a pathogen within a herd |
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206 | (1) |
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The spread of infectious diseases between herds |
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207 | (1) |
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Principles of Infectious Disease Control |
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207 | (2) |
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Elimination of a disease from a herd |
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207 | (1) |
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Control of a disease in a herd |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (3) |
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Test sensitivity and specificity |
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209 | (2) |
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Predictive value of a test |
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211 | (1) |
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Estimating the presence and prevalence of disease |
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211 | (1) |
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Monitoring Infectious Disease |
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212 | (2) |
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Control of Infectious Disease: General Concepts |
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214 | (1) |
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Biosecurity in dairy herds |
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214 | (1) |
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Practical Implementation of Infectious Disease Control: Disease Examples |
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215 | (8) |
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215 | (5) |
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Evaluating herd infection status |
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220 | (2) |
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Avoiding introduction or reintroduction of a pathogen |
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222 | (1) |
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Preventing spread and persistence of a pathogen within a herd |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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References and Further Reading |
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224 | (3) |
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8 Nutritional Management of Herd Health |
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227 | (52) |
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Introduction: The Role of Nutrition in Dairy Herd Health and Production |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (3) |
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The role of glucose in cow metabolism |
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228 | (1) |
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The pivotal role of the liver in adaptation to NEB |
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229 | (1) |
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Inappropriate metabolic responses of cows in NEB |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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Trace elements and vitamins |
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231 | (1) |
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Monitoring of Nutritional Management, Including Herd Targets |
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231 | (34) |
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Assessment of the records |
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231 | (9) |
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Monitoring nutrition: assessment of the cow |
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240 | (6) |
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Monitoring metabolic markers |
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246 | (3) |
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Monitoring of nutrition: assessments of feeding |
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249 | (8) |
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Monitoring feeding: forages |
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257 | (8) |
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Key Concepts in Formulation |
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265 | (1) |
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Control of Major Nutrition-related Disease |
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265 | (9) |
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Nutritional control of hypocalcaemia |
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268 | (2) |
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Nutritional control of fatty liver and ketosis |
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270 | (1) |
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Nutritional control of displaced abomasum |
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271 | (1) |
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Nutritional control of subacute ruminal acidosis |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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References and Further Reading |
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274 | (5) |
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9 Dairy Farming, Food Security and Environmental Issues |
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279 | (18) |
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279 | (4) |
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Background: Food Security, Energy Security and Climate Change |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (1) |
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Environmental Issues: Significance for the Dairy Industry |
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283 | (6) |
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Impacts of dairy farming on the atmosphere and climate change |
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284 | (2) |
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Impacts of dairy farming on water |
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286 | (1) |
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Impacts of dairy farming on biodiversity and local ecology |
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287 | (2) |
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Promoting and enforcing environment protection |
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289 | (1) |
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Reducing the Impact of Dairy Farming on the Environment |
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289 | (4) |
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The influence of increased efficiency and improved health and reproduction |
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289 | (4) |
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Conclusion: Dairy Farming and the Environment |
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293 | (1) |
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References and Further Reading |
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293 | (4) |
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Appendix 1 Sample Sizes and Disease Prevalence Estimates |
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297 | (4) |
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297 | (1) |
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Estimating Disease Prevalence from Test Results |
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298 | (3) |
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Appendix 2 Genetics and Herd Health |
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301 | (4) |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (3) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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Genetic indices outside the UK |
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303 | (1) |
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Reliability of genetic indices |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
Index |
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305 | |