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El. knyga: Dealing with Complexity: An Introduction to the Theory and Application of Systems Science

  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-Mar-2013
  • Leidėjas: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781475722352
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-Mar-2013
  • Leidėjas: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781475722352

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A textbook for an introductory graduate or undergraduate course in systems sciences, deemphasizing the numerical aspects until the basic concepts are established. Updated from the 1988 edition to incorporate recent thinking and feedback from students and teachers. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.

The Second Edition features expanded coverage of progress in systems science, focusing on the field's overall structure and its components - including systems terms and concepts, complexity, measurements, and principles. The text offers a framework for understanding the underlying theory of systems science to assist decision makers in resolving a wide range of real-world problems in their fields. Revised and expanded chapters cover the origins and evolution of systems science and incorporate different perspectives on complexity. Various approaches to problem solving in the natural and social sciences are described, including the systematic view model and model decomposition. The book also presents clear and coherent accounts of systems intervention, critical systems thinking, and quantification of systems science. Philosophical issues in systems science are comprehensively covered, with discussion on such topics as ontology, epistemology, and methodology. Other features of the Second Edition include: case studies focusing on the application of the viable system model, methodology application, and theory building; a list of thought-provoking questions for each chapter to assist educators; an introduction to critical systems thinking; a chapter on model decomposition; and various approaches to problem solving, including systems intervention.

Recenzijos

from a review of the first edition: `A good introduction to systems science ... suitable as an introductory text for students in systems science and related areas. ... The book is well written and the text is supplemented with useful figures.' International Journal for General Systems

Systems: Origin and Evolution, Terms and Concepts
1(23)
Introduction
1(1)
The Origin and Evolution of Systems Science
2(4)
Systems Terms and Concepts
6(15)
Introduction
6(1)
Terms and Concepts
7(14)
Conclusion
21(2)
Questions
21(2)
Systems and Complexity
23(16)
Introduction
23(1)
Coming to Grips with Complexity
24(12)
Things and People
24(1)
Communication and Control
25(3)
Organization and Behavior
28(3)
Hierarchy and Emergence
31(1)
Two-Dimensional Science
32(1)
People
32(2)
System and Complexity
34(1)
One Dimension beyond Three Ranges of Complexity
34(2)
Aesthetic Measures: A Case Study
36(1)
Conclusion
37(2)
Questions
38(1)
Systems and Measurement
39(10)
Introduction
39(1)
The Nature of Measurement
40(1)
Numerals, Numbers, and Other Symbols
40(1)
Assignment
40(1)
Rules
40(1)
Scales of Measurement
41(3)
Introduction
41(1)
The Scales
42(2)
Problems Associated with Measurement
44(4)
Introduction
44(1)
Measuring Instruments
45(1)
Content Validity
46(1)
Empirical Validity
46(1)
Construct Validity
46(1)
The Experiential Approach
47(1)
Conclusion
48(1)
Questions
48(1)
Systems and Modeling: Diagrams and System Identification
49(28)
Introduction
49(3)
Misuse and Abuse
52(1)
System Diagrams
53(8)
Graphs
53(5)
Block Diagrams
58(1)
Soft System Diagrams
59(2)
Other Useful Diagrams
61(5)
Unit Diagrams
61(2)
Rich Pictures
63(1)
Decision Flow Diagrams
63(1)
Hierarchical Representations
64(2)
Hard System Diagrams and Messy Situations
66(3)
Element, Relationship, and Boundary Identification
69(5)
Introduction
69(1)
Data Filtering for Information Production
69(1)
System Identification
70(4)
Conclusion
74(3)
Questions
74(3)
Systems View of Management and Organizations
77(20)
Introduction
77(1)
The Contribution of Organization Theory
78(3)
Introduction
78(1)
The Rational Model
79(1)
The Human Relations Model
79(1)
The Systems Model
80(1)
Stafford Beer's VSM and the Cybernetic Perspective
81(6)
Cybernetics and Organization Theory on Trial
87(4)
Case Study: The VSM Used to Describe an Organization
91(4)
Introduction
91(1)
QQC: Recursive Levels
91(1)
QQC as a Viable System
92(3)
Conclusion
95(2)
Questions
96(1)
Systems Approach to ``Problem Solving''
97(44)
Introduction
97(1)
Setting the Scene
97(2)
Hard Systems Methodologies
99(9)
Introduction
99(1)
Systems Analysis
100(2)
Systems Engineering
102(3)
Operations Research
105(3)
Summary
108(1)
Soft Systems Methodologies
108(8)
Introduction
108(1)
Soft Systems Methodologies
109(6)
Summary
115(1)
Which Methodology When?
116(15)
Introduction
116(1)
Architecture of Systems Problem Solving
116(3)
Toward a System of Systems Methodologies
119(6)
Toward a Problem Management Tool Kit for Pragmatists
125(2)
Isolationists' Homogeneous Systems Style
127(1)
Total Systems Intervention
128(2)
Summary
130(1)
Teaching and Learning Methodologies
131(3)
Introduction
131(1)
Rules of (Jenkins's) Systems Engineering Methodology
131(1)
Rules of Soft Systems Methodology
132(1)
Summary
133(1)
Case Study: Creative Problem Solving in a Biotechnology Company
134(5)
Introduction
134(1)
Methodology Choice
134(1)
Soft Systems Analysis
135(4)
Conclusion
139(2)
Questions
140(1)
Systems Theory in International Relations
141(10)
Introduction
141(1)
Systems and International Relations
141(7)
The Current Position
141(1)
The International System
142(6)
Conclusion
148(3)
Questions
149(2)
Building Models of Dynamic Processes
151(74)
Introduction
151(1)
The Modeling Process
152(6)
Introduction
152(1)
A Methodology for Modeling Structured Situations
152(6)
Using Letters Instead of Numbers
158(2)
Modeling Approaches
160(29)
Introduction
160(1)
Verbal---Sentential
161(1)
Diagrammatic
161(1)
Mathematical Process Models
161(14)
Statistical Models
175(13)
Logical Models
188(1)
Computer Simulation
189(5)
Introduction
189(1)
Solving Differential Equations Using Digital Computers
189(2)
Constructing a Program
191(2)
Simulation Languages and Packages
193(1)
Case Studies
194(29)
Introduction
194(1)
Background and Purposes
194(2)
Fluid---Electrolyte Acid---Base Balance
196(1)
Critical Review
197(1)
ARIMA Modeling
197(8)
Transfer Function Modeling
205(3)
Compact Compartmental Modeling
208(2)
Comparison of the Compact Approaches
210(1)
A Complex Control System Model
211(4)
Consideration of the Complex Approach
215(3)
Logical Modeling
218(2)
Qualitative, Quantitative, and Logical Modeling Approaches
220(3)
Summary
223(1)
Conclusion
223(2)
Questions
224(1)
Quantitative Cybernetics
225(10)
Introduction
225(1)
Dynamics and Control
226(6)
Feedback and Feedforward
232(1)
Summary
233(2)
Questions
233(2)
System and Model Decomposition
235(10)
Introduction
235(1)
Finite Complex Systems
236(1)
Analysis of FCS Representations by Structural Decomposition
236(1)
Mathematical Representation of a Stochastic FCS
237(2)
Model Development and Decomposition
239(4)
A Fluid-Balance Model
239(1)
Conversion to a Markov Process
240(2)
Decomposition and Analysis
242(1)
Conclusion
243(2)
Questions
244(1)
Systems Science: Making Sense of the Philosophical Issues
245(12)
Introduction
245(1)
The Philosophical Issues
246(2)
Introduction
246(1)
Four Main Areas of Dispute
247(1)
Summary
248(1)
Making Sense of the Issues
248(3)
Introduction
248(1)
The Scientific Approach
248(1)
Science and Matters of Society
249(2)
Summary
251(1)
Tying It All Together
251(3)
Introduction
251(1)
A Unifying Framework
251(2)
Critical Systems Thinking
253(1)
Summary
254(1)
Conclusion
254(3)
Questions
255(2)
References 257(10)
Index 267