Atnaujinkite slapukų nuostatas

Deep Energy Retrofit Guide for Public Buildings: Business and Financial Models 2019 ed. [Minkštas viršelis]

  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 135 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 454 g, 43 Illustrations, color; 6 Illustrations, black and white; XX, 135 p. 49 illus., 43 illus. in color., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Serija: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Apr-2019
  • Leidėjas: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • ISBN-10: 3030149218
  • ISBN-13: 9783030149215
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 135 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 454 g, 43 Illustrations, color; 6 Illustrations, black and white; XX, 135 p. 49 illus., 43 illus. in color., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Serija: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Apr-2019
  • Leidėjas: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • ISBN-10: 3030149218
  • ISBN-13: 9783030149215
This book provides detailed information on how to set up Deep Energy Retrofits (DERs) in public buildings, and shares in-depth insights into the current status of the major technologies, strategies and practical best practice examples of how to cost-effectively combine them. Case studies from Europe are analyzed with respect to energy use before and after renovation, reasons for undertaking the renovation, co-benefits achieved, resulting cost-effectiveness, and the business models employed.





The building sector holds the potential for tremendous improvements in terms of energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions, and energy retrofits to the existing building stock represent a significant opportunity in the transition to a low-carbon future. Moreover, investing in highly efficient building materials and systems can replace long-term energy imports, contribute to cost cutting, and create a wealth of new jobs. Yet, while the technologies needed in order to improve energy efficiency are readily available, significant progress has not yet been made, and best practices for implementing building technologies and renewable energy sources are still relegated to small niche applications.





Offering essential information on Deep Energy Retrofits, the book offers a valuable asset for architects, public authorities, project developers, and engineers alike.
1 Introduction
1(10)
1.1 Major Renovation and Deep Energy Retrofit
6(1)
1.2 Deep Versus Shallow Energy Retrofit
7(2)
References
9(2)
2 The Scope of DER and Investment Costs
11(18)
2.1 Development of the DER Scope from the Business Perspective
11(3)
2.2 Determination of Technical Concept and Investment Costs
14(5)
2.3 Determination of DER Investment Costs
19(2)
2.4 Investment Cost: Reduction Potential in DER Projects
21(1)
2.5 Optimization of Investment Scenario by Least-Cost Planning [ 9]
21(6)
References
27(2)
3 Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness of DER Projects
29(48)
3.1 Cost Effectiveness Calculation in the Real Estate Sector
29(1)
3.2 Life-Cycle Cost Calculation
30(4)
3.3 Cost Effectiveness of DER Investments
34(5)
3.3.1 Cash-Flow Analysis
35(3)
3.3.2 Internal Rate of Return-IRR
38(1)
3.4 Multiple Benefits: Bankable LCC in DER
39(3)
3.4.1 Bankability and Risk Mitigation of Multiple Benefits
40(2)
3.5 Energy Savings in DER
42(5)
3.5.1 Additional Benefit for CHP: Grid Stabilization
46(1)
3.6 Avoided Maintenance and Repair Costs
47(11)
3.7 Operation Cost Reduction by Building Automation Systems (BAS)
58(2)
3.8 Insurance Costs
60(1)
3.9 Synergy of Investment and Maintenance Cost Savings
61(1)
3.10 Building Comfort
62(2)
3.11 Impact of DER on Building Values
64(6)
3.11.1 International Regulation Framework
66(2)
3.11.2 Income Related Real Estate Evaluation: Gross Rental Method (GRM) and Discounted Cash-Flow Method
68(1)
3.11.3 DER and Green Building Values in Public and Non-public Sectors
68(2)
3.12 Increasing Available Floor Space
70(1)
3.13 Conclusions: Life Cycle Cost Analysis and Optimization
71(2)
References
73(4)
4 Funding of DER Projects---Financial Instruments
77(16)
4.1 Financing Instruments
78(8)
4.1.1 Loan Financing, Credit Lines, Revolving Funds, Preferential Loans
80(1)
4.1.2 Soft Loans/Dedicated Credit Lines
80(3)
4.1.3 Project Finance, Non-recourse and Recourse Finance---Refinancing of ESCO
83(1)
4.1.4 Forfeiting
83(3)
4.2 Performance Based Financing Instruments
86(4)
4.2.1 Energy Performance Contracting
86(2)
4.2.2 Public ESCOs EPC for Deep Renovation in Public Buildings
88(1)
4.2.3 On-Bill Repayment (OBR)
88(1)
4.2.4 Conclusions
89(1)
References
90(3)
5 DER Business Models
93(18)
5.1 Business Models---Definitions and Introduction
93(5)
5.1.1 Appropriated Funding and Execution Model
94(2)
5.1.2 Fixed Payment Model and Utility Fixed Repayment Model
96(1)
5.1.3 On-Bill Repayment Program
97(1)
5.2 Energy (Saving) Performance Contracting (Private Funding) Model EPC/Energy Savings Performance Contract (ESPC)
98(5)
5.2.1 Blended Funding (Public and Private Combined Funding)
98(1)
5.2.2 U.S. Precedent for Combined Public and Private Funding
99(4)
5.3 Advanced DER EPC Business Model
103(3)
5.4 QA Tools for Investors
106(4)
5.4.1 Data Sources: Investment and Energy Performance
106(1)
5.4.2 The Investor Confidence Project (ICP) Approach
107(1)
5.4.3 SMESCo Business Model
108(2)
References
110(1)
6 Conclusions and Outlook
111(4)
Appendix: Best Practice DER Business Models 115(20)
Bibliography 135