This practical handbook utilises criminological research to produce comprehensive Designing Out Crime solutions for practitioners. It covers a large spectrum of Designing Out Crime applications courtesy of concise and easily understood short chapters. The handbook includes a Good Practice section with examples of where (and why) success has been achieved. It speaks to crime prevention practitioners, managers, and academics in the field of criminology (especially environmental criminology). It also provides solutions to those who seek to deliver sustainable, long-term benefits at the coalface of preventing crime, fear of crime and anti-social behaviour within the built environment.
SECTION A: BACKGROUND.
Chapter 1: Using this handbook.
Chapter 2:
Introduction.
Chapter 3: A brief history of Designing Out Crime.
Chapter 4:
Whats in a name: Designing Out Crime v. Architectural Liaison/Crime
Prevention Design/Design for Security.
Chapter 5: Role of the DOCO Core
Attributes.- SECTION B: DELIVERY OF THE DOC FUNCTION.
Chapter 6: Reading
Plans.
Chapter 7: Health and Safety of the DOCO when surveying sites.-
Chapter 8: Site Surveys and Inspections.
Chapter 9: Writing the Report: the
Crown Jewels of its written presentation.- SECTION C: CPTED.- Physical
Security Target Hardening Measures.
Chapter 10: Doors and Door Security.-
Chapter 11: Windows and Glazing.
Chapter 12: Perimeter Security.
Chapter
13: Defensive Planting.- Technological Innovations.
Chapter 14: Lighting.-
Chapter 15: Intruder Alarms.
Chapter 16: CCTV.- Environmental Elements.-
Chapter 17: Defensible Space.
Chapter 18: Natural Surveillance.
Chapter 19:
Territoriality.-
20. Image and Mileu.-
21. Geographical juxtaposition.-
22.
Permeability.- SECTION D: SECURED BY DESIGN (SBD).- 23.a. Introduction.-
23.b. History to date.- 23.c. SBD Development guides and publications.-
23.d. SBD Homes 2023.- 23.e. SBD Sheltered accommodation.- 23.f. SBD
Commercial Guide 2023.- 23.g. SBD Self build.- 23.h. SBD New schools
2014.- 23.i. SBD Hospitals 2005.- 23.j. SBD Safer tram stop award.- 23.k.
SBD Construction site security guide 2021.- 23.l. SBD Secure Environments
risk management award.- 23.m. SBD Youth shelters and sports systems.-
23.n. SBD Park Mark safer parking scheme.- 23.o. SBD Secure stations
scheme.- 23.p. SBD Protect UK Advice and guidance.- 23.q. Cycle
Association, Sustrans & SBD Cycle parking and security standards.- 23.r.
Specialist and supported housing schemes.- 23.s. PCPI security guides in
support of the Safer Streets Fund.- 23.t. SBD Technical guides.- 23.u. SBD
Application forms.- 23.v. SBD Appeals.- SECTION E: OTHER DESIGN GUIDES.-
24. Domestic violence sanctuary rooms.-
25. Leaking culs-de-sac.-
26.
Alleygating.-
27. Closure of rights of way on grounds of crime and public
space protection orders.-
28. Home zones and shared space.-
29. Bus
shelters.-
30. Place of worship safety and security.-
31. Rural crime.-
32.
Doctors surgeries, pharmacies and health centres.-
33. Shopfront security.-
34. ATMs (Automatic teller/ cashpoint machines).-
35. Parks and open spaces.-
36. Public conveniences (Toilets).-
37. Pedestrian subways.-
38. Retail
parks, business parks and industrial estates.-
39. Pedestrianisation of town
and city centres.-
40. Counter terrorism design.- .- SECTION F: PLANNING
INTERVENTIONS.- .-
41. National Planning Policy Framework.-
42. Safer Places:
the Planning System and Crime Prevention.-
43. Design and Access Statements.-
44. Supplementary Planning Guidance.-
45. Planning Appeal Judgements.-
46.
Appearing before Planning Hearings, Public Inquiries, Inquests, etc..-
SECTION G: ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS.-
47. Legal Liability.-
48.
Environmental Crime.- a. Graffiti.- b. Fly-posting.- c. Fly-tipping.- d.
Abandoned Vehicles.- e. Excessive Noise.-
49. Good Housekeeping Measures.-
SECTION H: EVIDENCE FROM CRIME SCIENCE.-
50. Crime Displacement and Diffusion
of Benefits.-
51. Routine Activity Theory.-
52. Crime Opportunity.-
53.
Rational Choice Theory.-
54. Environmental Criminology and Crime Pattern
Theory.-
55. Conjunction of Criminal Opportunity.-
56. The 5Is.-
57.
Environmental Cues.-
58. Hot-Spots and Tipping Points.-
59. Space Syntax.-
60. The Carbon Cost of Crime.-
61. Symbolic (Psychological) Barriers.-
62.
The Value of Signage and Notices: it pays to advertise.-
63. Problem-solving,
Problem-Oriented Policing and Partnerships.-
64. Intervention Sustainability
Spectrum.- SECTION I: THE GOOD PRACTICE CASE EXAMPLES.-
65. The Four Towers
at Duddeston Manor, Nechells, Birmingham.-
66. Brindleyplace: City Centre
Commercial, Retail and Leisure Complex.-
67. Cottesbrooke Infant School,
Acocks Green.-
68. The Village Surgery Cheswick Green.-
69. Christchurch Bus
Interchange, New Zealand.-
70. Burlington Hotel Entrance, Birmingham.-
71.
DryTown Water Park, Palmdale, California.-
72. Washington Square Park, New
York.-
73. Piccadilly Gardens, Manchester.-
74. Reitland Park Tram Station,
Amsterdam.-
75. Edgbaston Cricket Ground, Birmingham.-
76. Zero Carbon House,
Balsall Heath.-
77. Marie Curie Hospice, West Midlands.- SECTION J: AND TO
CONCLUDE.-
78. The Future of Designing Out Crime.-
79. Suggested Reading
Glossary.- Appendices.- A. Garage Forecourt Bilking, Crime
Prevention/Reduction Matrix.- B. Cannabis Farms, Crime Prevention/ Reduction
Matrix.- C. Car-Key Burglary, Crime Prevention/Reduction Matrix.- D.
Cash/Valuables in Transit (C/ViT) Crime Prevention/Reduction Matrix.- E.
Metal Theft, Crime Prevention/ Reduction Matrix.- F. Night Time Economy,
Crime Prevention/Reduction Matrix.- G. Serious Acquisitive Crime, Crime
Prevention/Reduction Matrix.- H. Violent Crime, Crime Prevention/ Reduction
Matrix.- I. West Midlands Arson Task Force Poster.- J. Domestic Violence
Sanctuary Rooms Poster.- K. Edgbaston Cricket Ground Poster.
Dr. Mark Stokes served for 33 years as a police officer with West Midlands Police. He has since occupied a number of roles including Consultant with Secured by Design, Visiting Lecturer in Partnership Working at Wolverhampton University, UK, War Crimes Investigator, both DOCO and supervisor with British Transport Police, trainer and assessor at the Police Crime Prevention Academy, Rural and Business Crime Officer for Herefordshire with West Mercia Police, and since 2022 Senior Lecturer on the Police Constable Development Apprenticeship at the University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
