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xi | |
About the authors |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xv | |
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1 Introduction: What is Human Thinking and How Does it Develop? |
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1 | (12) |
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1.1 What is this book about? A quick survey of the following chapters |
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2 | (2) |
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1.2 Criticism, debate, and worldviews |
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4 | (6) |
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1.3 Views of knowledge: constructivism |
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10 | (3) |
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10 | (3) |
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2 The Role of Biology in Psychological Development |
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13 | (22) |
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2.1 Nature, nurture, and forms of interaction |
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15 | (11) |
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2.2 Genetics, epigenetics, and developmental psychobiological systems |
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26 | (3) |
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2.3 Neuroconstructivism: shaping neural pathways through experience |
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29 | (2) |
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2.4 Relations between psychology and neuroscience |
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31 | (4) |
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33 | (2) |
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3 Constructivist Approaches to Children's Thinking |
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35 | (26) |
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3.1 Piaget's biography and his quest: how does knowledge develop? |
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37 | (5) |
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3.2 Four factors in development |
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42 | (1) |
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3.3 Developmental progress: Piaget's equilibration theory |
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43 | (1) |
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3.4 Understanding Piaget's stages |
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44 | (8) |
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3.5 Evaluating criticism of Piaget's theory |
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52 | (9) |
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58 | (3) |
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4 Sociocultural Approaches to Children's Thinking |
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61 | (20) |
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4.1 The social origin of the mind |
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61 | (1) |
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4.2 Sociocultural approaches: Lev Vygotsky |
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62 | (8) |
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4.3 Research evaluating Vygotsky's hypotheses |
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70 | (7) |
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77 | (4) |
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79 | (2) |
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5 The Development of Communication and Social Understanding in Infancy |
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81 | (18) |
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5.1 Early steps in social processes: infant--caregiver interaction and early development of communication |
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83 | (4) |
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5.2 Sharing a focus on an object: joint visual attention |
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87 | (2) |
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5.3 Following gaze direction: the eyes as windows on the soul? |
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89 | (2) |
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5.4 From gaze following to gestures: the emergence of intentional communication |
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91 | (4) |
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5.5 Gestures based on head movements and signing |
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95 | (4) |
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96 | (3) |
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6 Theories of Communication and Social Understanding in Infancy |
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99 | (22) |
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6.1 Beginning with the individual |
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100 | (9) |
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6.2 Beginning with social activity: `In the beginning is the deed' |
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109 | (8) |
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6.3 Imitation, culture, and pointing |
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117 | (4) |
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119 | (2) |
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7 Animal Communication and Human Language |
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121 | (22) |
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7.1 The evolution of meaning and language |
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122 | (7) |
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7.2 Can animals be taught languages? |
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129 | (10) |
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7.3 Implications of research on animal communication: the role of meaning |
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139 | (4) |
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141 | (2) |
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8 Language in Human Communication and Thinking |
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143 | (24) |
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145 | (3) |
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8.2 Continuing debates between followers and critics of Chomsky |
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148 | (9) |
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8.3 The child's search for meaning in language |
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157 | (3) |
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8.4 The meaning of meaning |
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160 | (7) |
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163 | (4) |
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9 How Children Learn the Meaning of Words |
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167 | (22) |
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9.1 Grasping the meaning of words |
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167 | (1) |
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9.2 What do babies need to know before they can learn words? |
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168 | (9) |
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9.3 Theories of word learning |
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177 | (4) |
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9.4 The social-pragmatic account of early word learning |
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181 | (8) |
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186 | (3) |
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10 How Children Come to Control Their Behaviour |
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189 | (24) |
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10.1 Executive function: the skills and how they fit together |
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191 | (5) |
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10.2 Methodological issues in the analysis of executive function |
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196 | (4) |
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10.3 The nature of executive function: biological and social explanations |
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200 | (7) |
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207 | (6) |
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209 | (4) |
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11 Understanding the Social World |
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213 | (30) |
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11.1 A brief history: from perspective taking to false belief understanding |
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215 | (2) |
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11.2 Further development in social understanding: beyond (false) belief? |
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217 | (5) |
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11.3 Theories of social cognitive development |
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222 | (3) |
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11.4 Recent research and two current theoretical debates |
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225 | (4) |
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11.5 Social cognitive neuroscience: neurons and knowledge |
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229 | (14) |
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239 | (4) |
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12 Social Interaction, Language, and Social Understanding |
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243 | (26) |
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12.1 The influence of the social context |
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244 | (7) |
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12.2 Language and social understanding |
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251 | (7) |
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12.3 Language, minds, and social understanding: theoretical issues |
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258 | (4) |
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12.4 Social understanding and children's social lives |
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262 | (7) |
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266 | (3) |
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13 Moral Reasoning and Action |
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269 | (26) |
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270 | (2) |
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13.2 The dimensions of morality |
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272 | (3) |
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13.3 Jean Piaget's theory of moral development |
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275 | (4) |
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13.4 Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development |
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279 | (6) |
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13.5 Criticisms of Kohlberg's theory |
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285 | (5) |
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13.6 Social-cognitive domain theory |
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290 | (5) |
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292 | (3) |
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14 Recent Issues in Moral Development |
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295 | (26) |
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14.1 Emotions and morality |
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296 | (5) |
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14.2 Morality and neuroscience |
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301 | (4) |
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14.3 Evolution and morality |
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305 | (2) |
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14.4 The development of prosocial behaviour: helping and cooperating |
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307 | (14) |
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Summary and overall conclusions |
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314 | (7) |
References |
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321 | (54) |
Subject Index |
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375 | (6) |
Author Index |
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381 | |