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El. knyga: Development of Renewable Energy Sources and its Significance for the Environment

  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Apr-2015
  • Leidėjas: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789812874627
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Apr-2015
  • Leidėjas: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789812874627

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This book analyzes the effects of power generated by renewable energy sources, renewable energy production technologies, energy efficiency, and market regulation of carbon emissions. It elaborates on how these parameters have direct and indirect effects on carbon emission reduction, such as the results of an environmental tax that could directly reduce carbon emissions by decreasing fossil fuel consumption or by stimulating energy savings through technological innovation, as well as how renewable energy sources can affect both economic growth and the environment. In addition to a detailed analysis of the interrelationships between renewable energy consumption, production technology, and market regulation,The Development of Renewable Energy Sources and its Significance for the Environment proposes a model for measuring the effectiveness and results of the interaction between these links. Furthermore, a structure for a marketplace of renewable energy sources is put forward, as well as an outline of the requirements that must be met in order for this market to function. Suitable policy recommendations to enhance the market for renewable energies are also provided.

1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 Background
1(1)
1.2 The Objective
2(2)
1.3 The Outline
4(3)
References
4(3)
2 The Energy and Environment Relationship
7(24)
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.2 The General Trend of Energy Consumption
8(10)
2.2.1 Fossil Fuels
9(3)
2.2.2 Renewable Energy
12(3)
2.2.3 Outlook of Energy Consumption
15(3)
2.3 Energy Consumption and Economic Growth
18(5)
2.4 The Main Drivers for Using Renewable Energy
23(8)
2.4.1 Energy Security
23(2)
2.4.2 Economic Impacts
25(2)
2.4.3 CO2 Emission Reduction
27(1)
References
28(3)
3 Alternative Renewable Energy Production Technologies
31(34)
3.1 Introduction
31(1)
3.2 Renewable Energy Supply Technologies
32(22)
3.2.1 Hydropower Technologies
32(4)
3.2.2 Wind Power Technologies
36(6)
3.2.3 Solar Power Technologies
42(7)
3.2.4 Geothermal Power Technologies
49(3)
3.2.5 Other Renewable Power Technologies
52(2)
3.3 Energy Efficiency Technologies
54(11)
3.3.1 Electric Vehicles
54(2)
3.3.2 Combined Heat and Power
56(1)
3.3.3 Virtual Power Plants
57(2)
3.3.4 Smart Meter
59(2)
References
61(4)
4 Regulatory Frameworks for Renewable Energy Sources
65(20)
4.1 Introduction
65(1)
4.2 Support Policy
66(3)
4.3 Market Regulation
69(3)
4.4 Technology Transfer
72(4)
4.5 Barriers
76(3)
4.6 National and International Environmental Policies
79(6)
References
81(4)
5 Financing Renewable Energy Development
85(22)
5.1 Introduction
85(1)
5.2 Feed-in Tariff Energy Supply Policy
86(5)
5.3 Tax Incentive Policies
91(5)
5.4 Renewable Portfolio Standard Policy
96(4)
5.5 Cross-Country Public Incentive Policies
100(7)
References
104(3)
6 Market Design for Trading Commoditized Renewable Energy
107(12)
6.1 Introduction
107(1)
6.2 Existing Marketplaces
108(2)
6.2.1 Commercial Marketplaces for Trading Electricity
108(1)
6.2.2 Marketplaces for Distributed Electricity Generation
109(1)
6.2.3 Marketplace for Emission Trading
109(1)
6.3 Stakeholders of the Marketplace
110(1)
6.3.1 Bulk Power Generation Companies
110(1)
6.3.2 Transmission Network Operators
110(1)
6.3.3 Distribution Network Operators
110(1)
6.3.4 Customers and Small Producers
111(1)
6.4 Requirements for a Renewable Power Marketplace
111(4)
6.4.1 General Economic Requirements
111(1)
6.4.2 Market Structure
112(1)
6.4.3 Electricity Grid Management Requirements
112(1)
6.4.4 ICT Infrastructure Requirements
112(1)
6.4.5 Regulation Requirements
113(1)
6.4.6 Ease-of-Use Requirements
114(1)
6.5 Market Mechanism for Trading Renewable Power
115(1)
6.5.1 Unit of Trade
115(1)
6.5.2 Bids and Asks
116(1)
6.6 Performance Evaluation
116(3)
References
117(2)
7 Impact of Renewable Energy Development on Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction
119(28)
7.1 Introduction
119(1)
7.2 Methodology and Analytic Framework
120(6)
7.2.1 Methodology
120(2)
7.2.2 Model Specification
122(1)
7.2.3 Analytic Framework for Variable Selection
123(2)
7.2.4 Hypotheses
125(1)
7.2.5 Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Approach
126(1)
7.3 Model Estimation
126(14)
7.3.1 Data
127(2)
7.3.2 Model Specification and Testing Functional Form
129(2)
7.3.3 Estimation Method, Testing, and Selection of Final Method
131(2)
7.3.4 Estimation Result
133(4)
7.3.5 Elasticities
137(1)
7.3.6 Technological Change
138(1)
7.3.7 Variations in Elasticities Over Time
139(1)
7.3.8 Variations in Elasticities by Country
140(1)
7.4 Examples of Policy Implications for Developing Countries
140(1)
7.5 Summary of the Effects of Renewable Energy Development on CO2 Reduction
141(6)
References
143(4)
8 Summary and Conclusion
147(10)
8.1 Economic Growth and Energy Consumption Relationship
147(1)
8.2 Energy Efficiency Technologies
148(2)
8.3 Selected Technologies of Renewable-Based Power Generation
150(1)
8.4 The Main Support Mechanisms to Finance Renewable Energy
151(1)
8.5 Market Design for Trading Commoditized Renewable Energy
152(2)
8.6 The Climate Impacts of Alternative Energy Technologies
154(3)
References
155(2)
Appendix A 157(4)
Appendix B 161(4)
Name Index 165(8)
Subject Index 173
Almas Heshmati is Professor of Economics at Jönköping University and Sogang University. He held similar positions at the Korea University, Seoul National University, University of Kurdistan Hawler, RATIO Institute (Sweden), and the MTT Agrifood Research (Finland). He was Research Fellow at the World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER), the United Nations University during 20012004. From 1998 to 2001, he was Associate Professor of Economics at the Stockholm School of Economics. He has a PhD degree from the University of Gothenburg (1994), where he held a Senior Researcher position until 1998. His research interests include applied microeconomics, globalization, development strategy, efficiency, productivity, and growth with application to manufacturing and services. In addition to more than 100 scientific journal articles, he has published books on the EU Lisbon Process, global inequality, East Asian manufacturing, the Chinese economy, technology transfer, information technology, water resources, landmines, power generation, development economics, economic growth, and world values.

Shahrouz Abolhosseini has a PhD degree in Technology Management (2014) from Seoul National University. Prior to his doctoral studies, he served as a crude oil marketing expert (20042007) and petroleum products marketing expert (20072010) at the National Iranian Oil Company. Previously he worked as an oil and gas market analyst (2001) and project financial coordinator (20012004) at Petropars Limited Company. He held a number of other research-related positions during the period 19952000 at the Institute for International Energy Studies, Economic and Finance Affairs Ministry, and Parliament Research Center. His research interests include energy economics and policy, and renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

Jörn Altmann is Professor for Technology Management, Economics, and Policy at the College of Engineering of Seoul NationalUniversity. Prior to this, he taught at the University of California at Berkeley, worked as a Senior Scientist at Hewlett-Packard Labs, and has been a postdoc at EECS and ICSI of UC Berkeley. During that time, he worked on international research projects about pricing of Internet services. Dr. Altmann received his B.Sc., his M.Sc. (1993), and his Ph.D. (1996) from the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Dr. Altmann's current research centres on the economics of Internet services and Internet infrastructures that integrate economic models. In particular, he focuses on the analyses of network topologies, networked businesses, and resource allocation schemes. On these topics of research, he has publications in major conferences and journals, serves on editorial bodies of journals (Electronic Markets, Electronic Commerce Research Journal), is involved in many conference program committees, and has been an invited speaker to several conferences. He also served on several European, US American, and other national panels for evaluating research proposals on networks and emerging technologies. Currently, he chairs the International Conference on Economics on Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services, GECON.