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El. knyga: Diesel Engine

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The aim of this work, consisting of 9 individual, self-contained booklets, is to describe commercial vehicle technology in a way that is clear, concise and illustrative. Compact and easy to understand, it provides an overview of the technology that goes into modern commercial vehicles.

Starting from the customer's fundamental requirements, the characteristics and systems that define the design of the vehicles are presented knowledgeably in a series of articles, each of which can be read and studied on their own. 

This volume, The Diesel Engine, provides an initial overview of the vast topic that is the diesel engine. It offers basic information about the mechanical functioning of the engine. The integration of the engine in the vehicle and major systems such as the cooling system, the fuel system and the exhaust gas treatment system are explained so that readers in training and in a practical setting may gain an understanding of the diesel engine. 

1 Introduction
1(2)
2 Diesel Fuel and Air
3(4)
2.1 Air
5(1)
2.2 The Air-Fuel Equivalence Ratio λ
5(2)
3 The Mechanics of the Engine
7(12)
3.1 The Crank Assembly
10(4)
3.2 The Valve Train and the Gear Train
14(2)
3.3 The Engine Brake
16(1)
3.3.1 The Exhaust Flap Valve (Exhaust Brake)
16(1)
3.3.2 The Decompression Brake
16(1)
3.4 Lubrication
17(2)
4 Integrating the Engine in the Vehicle
19(6)
4.1 The Cooling System
21(1)
4.2 The Engine Needs Fresh Air: The Air Intake
21(4)
5 The Fuel System and Fuel Injection
25(6)
6 The Exhaust System
31(12)
6.1 Exhaust Gas Turbocharger
31(4)
6.1.1 Turbocompounding
34(1)
6.2 Exhaust Gas Treatment
35(8)
6.2.1 Emissions
35(2)
6.2.2 Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides
37(2)
6.2.3 Reduction of Particulate Matter in Exhaust Gas
39(2)
6.2.4 Reduction of Hydrocarbons and Carbon Monoxide
41(1)
6.2.5 Combined Systems
41(2)
7 Thermodynamics
43(20)
7.1 Some Thermodynamic Fundamentals
43(2)
7.1.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
43(1)
7.1.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
44(1)
7.2 Ideal Gas
45(2)
7.3 State Changes of Ideal Gases
47(2)
7.3.1 State Change with Constant Volume--Isochoric State Change
47(1)
7.3.2 State Change with Constant Pressure--Isobaric State Change
48(1)
7.3.3 State Change with Constant Temperature--Isothermal State Change
48(1)
7.3.4 State Change Without Change of Entropy--Isentropic State Change
49(1)
7.4 Cyclic Processes
49(14)
7.4.1 The Carnot Cycle
50(3)
7.4.2 The Constant Volume Cycle (the Otto Cycle)
53(2)
7.4.3 The Constant Pressure Cycle (the Diesel cycle)
55(2)
7.4.4 Comparison of Diesel and Gasoline Engines
57(1)
7.4.5 The Seiliger Cycle
58(2)
7.4.6 Approximating the Real Cycle
60(3)
Comprehension Questions 63(2)
Abbreviations and Symbols 65(6)
References 71(2)
Index 73
The Authors

Dr. Michael Hilgers is currently director of the testing center at BFDA, a Foton Daimler truck joint venture in China. Before that he was head of different development departments in Commercial Vehicle Development at Mercedes-Benz Trucks.







Dr. Wilfried Achenbach has worked in the automotive industry for over 30 years. Recently he retired as Head of Development at Daimler Trucks North America.