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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium and Zinc [Minkštas viršelis]

  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 800 pages, aukštis x plotis: 229x152 mm, illustrations
  • Serija: Dietary Reference
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Jul-2002
  • Leidėjas: National Academies Press
  • ISBN-10: 0309072794
  • ISBN-13: 9780309072793
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 800 pages, aukštis x plotis: 229x152 mm, illustrations
  • Serija: Dietary Reference
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Jul-2002
  • Leidėjas: National Academies Press
  • ISBN-10: 0309072794
  • ISBN-13: 9780309072793
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: * Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. * Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. * Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. * Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.
Summary 1(2)
What Are Dietary Reference Intakes?
2(5)
Approach for Setting Dietary Reference Intakes
7(3)
Nutrient Functions and the Indicators Used to Estimate Requirements
10(6)
Criteria and Proposed Values for Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
16(3)
Using Dietary Reference Intakes to Assess Nutrient Intakes of Groups
19(3)
Consideration of the Risk of Chronic Degenerative Disease
22(4)
Research Recommendations
26(3)
Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes
29(15)
What Are Dietary Reference Intakes?
29(1)
Categories of Dietary Reference Intakes
30(6)
Parameters for Dietary Reference Intakes
36(6)
Summary
42(1)
References
42(2)
Overview and Methods
44(16)
Methodological Considerations
45(9)
Estimates of Nutrient Intake
54(1)
Dietary Intakes in the United States and Canada
55(3)
Summary
58(1)
References
58(2)
A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
60(22)
Background
60(2)
A Model for the Derivation of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
62(1)
Risk Assessment and Food Safety
62(5)
Application of the Risk Assessment Model to Nutrients
67(4)
Steps in the Development of the Tolerable Upper Intake Level
71(8)
Intake Assessment
79(1)
Risk Characterization
79(1)
References
80(2)
Vitamin A
82(80)
Summary
82(1)
Background Information
83(14)
Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Vitamin A
97(9)
Factors Affecting the Vitamin A Requirement
106(4)
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group
110(12)
Intake of Vitamin A
122(3)
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
125(21)
Research Recommendations for Vitamin A
146(1)
References
146(16)
Vitamin K
162(35)
Summary
162(1)
Background Information
162(3)
Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirment for Vitamin K
165(8)
Factors Affecting the Vitamin K Requirement
173(3)
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group
176(8)
Intake of Vitamin K
184(3)
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
187(2)
Research Recommendations for Vitamin K
189(1)
References
189(8)
Chromium
197(27)
Summary
197(1)
Background Information
197(5)
Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Chromium
202(2)
Factors Affecting the Chromium Requirment
204(1)
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group
205(6)
Intake of Chromium
211(2)
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
213(3)
Research Recommendations for Chromium
216(1)
References
217(7)
Copper
224(34)
Summary
224(1)
Background Information
224(5)
Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Copper
229(4)
Factors Affecting the Copper Requirement
233(2)
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group
235(10)
Intake of Copper
245(1)
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
246(6)
Research Recommendations for Copper
252(1)
References
252(6)
Iodine
258(32)
Summary
258(1)
Background Information
258(4)
Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Iodine
262(5)
Factors Affecting the Iodine Requirement
267(1)
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group
268(9)
Intake of Iodine
277(1)
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
278(6)
Research Recommendations for Iodine
284(1)
References
284(6)
Iron
290(104)
Summary
290(1)
Background Information
290(10)
Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Iron
300(11)
Factors Affecting the Iron Requirement
311(5)
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group
316(39)
Intake of Iron
355(1)
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
356(22)
Research Recommendations for Iron
378(1)
References
378(16)
Manganese
394(26)
Summary
394(1)
Background Information
394(3)
Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Manganese
397(4)
Factors Affecting the Manganese Requirement
401(1)
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group
402(5)
Intake of Manganese
407(1)
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
408(6)
Research Recommendations for Manganese
414(1)
References
415(5)
Molybdenum
420(22)
Summary
420(1)
Background Information
420(2)
Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Molybdenum
422(2)
Factors Affecting the Molybdenum Requirement
424(1)
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group
425(7)
Intake of Molybdenum
432(1)
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
433(6)
Research Recommendations for Molybdenum
439(1)
References
439(3)
Zinc
442(60)
Summary
442(1)
Background Information
442(5)
Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Zinc
447(7)
Factors Affecting the Zinc Requirement
454(4)
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group
458(22)
Intake of Zinc
480(1)
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
481(7)
Research Recommendations for Zinc
488(1)
References
489(13)
Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon, and Vanadium
502(52)
Summary
502(1)
Arsenic
503(7)
Boron
510(11)
Nickel
521(8)
Silicon
529(3)
Vanadium
532(11)
References
543(11)
Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes
554(26)
Overview
554(1)
Assessing Nutrient Intakes of Individuals
555(3)
Assessing Nutrient Intakes of Groups
558(4)
Planning Nutrient Intakes of Individuals
562(1)
Planning Nutrient Intakes of Groups
563(1)
Nutrient-Specific Considerations
564(12)
Summary
576(2)
References
578(2)
A Research Agenda
580(1)
APPROACH 580(149)
Major Knowledge Gaps
581(3)
The Research Agenda
584(3)
APPENDIXES
A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes
587(4)
B Acknowledgments
591(3)
C Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988--1994
594(50)
D Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes By Individuals (CSFII), 1994--1996
644(10)
E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991--1997
654(20)
F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990
674(6)
G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988--1994
680(12)
H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988--1994
692(5)
I Iron Intakes and Estimated Percentiles of the Distribution of Iron Requirements from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994--1996
697(7)
J Glossary and Acronyms
704(5)
K Conversion of Units
709(1)
L Options for Dealing with Uncertainties
710(5)
M Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members
715(14)
Index 729(41)
Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Vitamins 770(2)
Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Elements 772
Panel on Micronutrients, Subcommittees on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients and of Interpretation and Use of Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes