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Digestive Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases 2nd edition, Volume 13 [Kietas viršelis]

Edited by , Edited by (Especialista, Coordinador de Docencia, Servicio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clķnic, Barcelona.), Edited by , Edited by (Professor/Consultant Physician and Director of The Graham Hughes Lupus Research Laboratory at St Thomas Hospital, Lond), Edited by
  • Formatas: Hardback, 494 pages, aukštis x plotis: 229x152 mm, weight: 910 g
  • Serija: Handbook of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
  • Išleidimo metai: 23-Jan-2017
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 0444637079
  • ISBN-13: 9780444637079
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Digestive Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases 2nd edition, Volume 13Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 494 pages, aukštis x plotis: 229x152 mm, weight: 910 g
  • Serija: Handbook of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
  • Išleidimo metai: 23-Jan-2017
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 0444637079
  • ISBN-13: 9780444637079
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780444637079.html
Raktažodžiai:

The Digestive System in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Second Edition, represents the state-of-the-art in the field of digestive disorders in the most common systemic autoimmune diseases. This volume consists of an introductory chapter on imaging techniques in digestive diseases, followed by eight chapters on digestive manifestations in specific systemic autoimmune diseases. The final five chapters deal with digestive diseases with an autoimmune pathogenesis and systemic manifestations.

International in scope, the table of contents reads like a Who's who in clinical research on systemic autoimmune diseases. More than 20 contributors from the European Union, the United States, Mexico, and South Africa share their knowledge in this detailed volume. The book provides an overview of our current understanding of digestive disorders in the most common systemic autoimmune diseases.

  • Completely updated, including five new chapters
  • Presents up-to-date information, giving the reader easy access to individual topics in one place
  • Written by leading international clinical and scientific experts on autoimmune and digestive diseases
  • Provides a practical guide to the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of digestive involvement in patients with autoimmune diseases that will be useful for all medical specialties
  • Includes several diseases and conditions not included in other texts, some of which have only recently emerged
  • Designed to serve as a guide to clinical practice

Daugiau informacijos

Fully revised edition provides an overview of our current understanding of digestive disorders in the most common systemic autoimmune diseases
List of Contributors
xix
Preface xxiii
Section I Introduction
1 Digestive System and Autoimmunity
H. Mix
M.P. Manns
1 The Digestive System and Gut-Associated Immunity
3(4)
2 Self-Tolerance and Autoimmunity
7(1)
3 Tolerance Mechanisms for Autoreactive B Cells in the Bone Marrow
8(1)
4 Tolerance Mechanisms for Autoreactive T Cells in the Thymus
8(1)
5 Clonal Anergy and Tuning
9(1)
6 Extrinsic Controls of Self-Reactive Lymphocytes
10(1)
7 Limitation of Costimuli
10(1)
8 Regulation of Self-Reactive Lymphocytes in Follicles
11(1)
9 Tolerance at the Effector Phase
12(1)
10 Conclusions
12(7)
References
12(7)
2 Immunopathogenesis of Autoimmune Liver Damage
A.J. Czaja
1 Introduction
19(1)
2 Antigens and Antigen Responses
20(5)
2.1 Target Antigen(s)
20(2)
2.2 Molecular Mimicry
22(1)
2.3 Promiscuous Lymphocyte Targeting
23(2)
3 Molecular Mechanisms of Liver Cell Injury
25(6)
3.1 Chemokines and Cell Trafficking
25(1)
3.2 Pro- and Antiinflammatory Cytokines
25(2)
3.3 Apoptotic Activity
27(2)
3.4 Hepatocyte Necrosis
29(1)
3.5 Oxidative Stress
29(1)
3.6 Nitrosative Stress
30(1)
4 Cellular Mediators of Liver Cell Injury
31(5)
4.1 Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
31(1)
4.2 Natural Killer T Cells
32(1)
4.3 Gamma Delta Lymphocytes
32(3)
4.4 Regulatory T Cells
35(1)
5 Genetic Predispositions
36(13)
5.1 Associations Within the Major Histocompatibility Complex
36(2)
5.2 Associations Outside the Major Histocompatibility Complex
38(1)
References
39(10)
3 Autoantibodies in Gastrointestinal Autoimmune Diseases
D. Ben-Ami Shor
N.P. Papageorgiou
Y. Shoenfeld
1 Antibodies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
49(3)
1.1 The Antibodies
49(1)
1.2 Genetics
50(1)
1.3 Pathogenic Role
51(1)
1.4 Sensitivity and Specificity of Anti---Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibodies
51(1)
1.5 Clinical Practice
52(1)
2 Antibodies in Celiac Disease
52(4)
2.1 The Antibodies
53(1)
2.2 Pathogenic Role
54(1)
2.3 Genetics
54(1)
2.4 Sensitivity and Specificity
54(2)
2.5 Clinical Practice
56(1)
3 Antibodies in Autoimmune Liver Diseases
56(6)
3.1 The Antibodies
57(4)
3.2 Genetics
61(1)
3.3 Pathogenic Role
61(1)
4 Clinical Practice
62(5)
References
62(5)
4 Imaging Techniques in Digestive Diseases
C. Ayuso
M. Pages
L. Donoso
1 Introduction
67(1)
2 Imaging Modalities
67(12)
2.1 Plain Abdominal Film and Barium Studies
67(1)
2.2 Ultrasound or Ultrasonography
68(1)
2.3 Computed Tomography
69(5)
2.4 Magnetic Resonance
74(4)
2.5 Positron Emission Tomography
78(1)
3 Future Prospects
79(4)
References
79(4)
Section II Autoimmune Liver Diseases
5 Primary Biliary Cholangitis
R. Abdalian
J. Heathcote
M. Ramos-Casals
1 Introduction
83(1)
2 Epidemiological Highlights
84(1)
3 Pathophysiological Insights
85(3)
4 Clinical Presentations
88(2)
5 Natural History and Prognostic Considerations
90(1)
6 Treatment Considerations
91(1)
7 Conclusion
92(1)
8 Five-Year Update
93(10)
8.1 Changing Nomenclature
93(1)
8.2 Autoantibodies
93(1)
8.3 Bile Acid---Based New Therapies
94(1)
8.4 Biological Therapies
95(1)
8.5 Antifibrotic Agents
96(1)
8.6 Targeting Multiple Etiopathogenic Pathways
96(1)
References
96(7)
6 Autoimmune Hepatitis
D. Vergani
C. Mieli-Vergani
1 Introduction
103(1)
2 History and Epidemiology
104(1)
3 Clinical Features
104(1)
4 Diagnosis and Laboratory Findings
105(2)
5 Pathophysiology
107(4)
5.1 Genetics
107(1)
5.2 Immune Mechanisms
108(3)
6 Management and Prognosis
111(2)
7 Autoimmune Hepatitis and Liver Transplant
113(2)
7.1 Recurrence of Autoimmune Hepatitis After Transplant
113(1)
7.2 De Novo Autoimmune Hepatitis After Transplant
114(1)
8 Conclusion
115(5)
References
115(5)
7 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
R.W. Chapman
K.D. Williamson
1 Introduction
120(1)
2 Epidemiology
120(1)
3 Etiopathogenesis
121(2)
3.1 Genetic Factors
121(1)
3.2 Other Proposed Mechanisms
122(1)
4 Clinical Features
123(1)
4.1 Symptoms and Signs
123(1)
4.2 Serology
123(1)
5 Diagnosis
124(2)
5.1 Laboratory Investigations
124(1)
5.2 Radiological Features
124(1)
5.3 Liver Histology
125(1)
6 Special Patient Populations
126(2)
6.1 Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis
126(1)
6.2 Small Duct Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
126(1)
6.3 Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap
127(1)
6.4 IgG4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis
127(1)
6.5 High Serum lgG4 Levels in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
128(1)
7 Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
128(1)
8 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Malignancy
129(2)
8.1 Colorectal Cancer
129(1)
8.2 Cholangiocarcinoma
129(2)
8.3 Gallbladder, Pancreatic Cancer, and Hepatoma
131(1)
9 Nonmalignant Complications
131(1)
9.1 Dominant Strictures
131(1)
9.2 Metabolic Bone Disease
132(1)
10 Natural History of Disease
132(1)
10.1 Prognosis
132(1)
10.2 Prognostic Models
132(1)
11 Treatment
133(1)
11.1 Treatment of Complications
133(1)
11.2 Specific Medical Treatment
133(1)
11.3 Liver Transplantation
134(1)
12 Conclusion
134(9)
References
135(8)
Section III Autoimmune Manifestations of Viral Hepatitis
8 Systemic and Autoimmune Manifestations of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
C. Pagnoux
L. Guillevin
1 Introduction
143(1)
2 Hepatitis B Virus Infection
144(2)
2.1 Main Viral Characteristics
144(1)
2.2 Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Diagnosis
144(2)
3 Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
146(27)
3.1 Prodromal Preicteric Syndrome
146(1)
3.2 Hepatitis B Virus---Associated Vasculitis
147(8)
3.3 Hepatitis B Virus---Related Glomerulonephritis
155(1)
3.4 Gianotti---Crosti Syndrome
156(1)
3.5 Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
157(1)
3.6 Diabetes Mellitus
158(1)
3.7 Metabolic Syndrome
159(1)
3.8 Thyroid Manifestations
160(1)
3.9 Autoimmune Manifestations
160(1)
3.10 Miscellaneous
161(2)
Key Points
163(1)
References
164(9)
9 Extrahepatic Manifestations in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
P. Brito-Zeron
S. Retamozo
X. Forns
J.-M. Sanchez-Tapias
J.R. Teixidor
M. Ramos-Casals
1 Introduction
173(1)
2 Autoantibodies and Hepatitis C Virus
174(1)
3 Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases and Hepatitis C Virus
175(1)
3.1 Thyroiditis
175(1)
3.2 Diabetes Mellitus and Steatosis
175(1)
4 Systemic Autoimmune Diseases and Hepatitis C Virus
176(14)
4.1 Sjogren Syndrome
176(3)
4.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis
179(1)
4.3 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
180(2)
4.4 Antiphospholipid Syndrome
182(1)
4.5 Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
182(2)
4.6 Sarcoidosis
184(4)
4.7 Noncryoglobulinemic Systemic Vasculitis
188(1)
4.8 Inflammatory Myopathies
189(1)
4.9 Other Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
189(1)
5 Hematological Diseases and Hepatitis C Virus
190(13)
5.1 Autoimmune Cytopenias
190(1)
5.2 Lymphoproliferative Diseases
191(3)
References
194(9)
10 New Antivirals for Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus: The Model of Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Vasculitis
P. Cacoub
A.C. Desbois
M. Vauthier
C. Commarmond
F. Domont
L. Savey
D. Saadoun
1 Introduction
203(1)
2 Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus---Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Vasculitis
204(11)
2.1 Antiviral Agents
205(2)
2.2 Other Nonvirological Treatments
207(1)
2.3 Therapeutic Guidelines
208(1)
References
209(6)
Section IV Gastrointestinal Involvement of Systemic Diseases
11 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
M. Vilardell-Tarres
A. Selva-O'Callaghan
J. Ordi-Ros
1 Introduction
215(1)
2 Overview of Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
215(2)
3 Oral Cavity, Esophagus, and Gastrointestinal Abnormalities
217(2)
4 Main Identifiable Lupus-Related Gastrointestinal Syndromes
219(4)
4.1 Lupus Mesenteric Vasculitis
219(1)
4.2 Intestinal Pseudoobstruction
220(2)
4.3 Protein-Losing Enteropathy
222(1)
5 Lupus-Associated Pancreatitis
223(1)
6 Other Systemic Lupus Erythematosus---Related Gastrointestinal Problems
223(4)
References
224(3)
12 Digestive Involvement in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
I. Rodriguez-Pinto
C. Espinosa
R. Cervera
1 Introduction
227(1)
2 Gastrointestinal Involvement
228(3)
2.1 Ischemic Gastrointestinal Involvement
228(3)
2.2 Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Antiphospholipid Syndrome
231(1)
3 Hepatic Involvement
231(5)
3.1 Vascular Liver Disease
231(2)
3.2 Autoimmune Liver Disease
233(2)
3.3 Liver Cirrhosis
235(1)
3.4 Liver Transplant
236(1)
4 Splenic Involvement
236(1)
4.1 Splenic Ischemic Disease
236(1)
4.2 Autosplenectomy or Functional Asplenia
236(1)
5 Pancreatic Involvement
237(6)
References
237(6)
13 Gastrointestinal Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis
A.B. Shreiner
D. Khanna
1 Introduction
243(1)
2 Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Tract Dysmotility
243(1)
3 Esophagus
244(5)
3.1 Esophageal Dysmotility
244(1)
3.2 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
245(4)
3.3 Barrett Esophagus
249(1)
4 Stomach
249(2)
4.1 Gastroparesis
249(1)
4.2 Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia
250(1)
5 Small Intestine
251(3)
5.1 Intestinal Pseudoobstruction
251(1)
5.2 Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
252(1)
5.3 Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis
253(1)
5.4 Malnutrition
253(1)
6 Colon and Anorectal Disorders
254(1)
6.1 Colon Involvement
254(1)
6.2 Anorectal Dysfunction
254(1)
7 Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
255(1)
8 Conclusion
256(7)
References
256(7)
14 Gastrointestinal Involvement in Inflammatory Myositis
M. Perez-de-Lis Novo
R. Perez-Alvarez
L. Pallares-Ferreres
J.J. Fernandez-Martin
M.-J. Soto Cardenas
A. Selva-O'Callaghan
1 Introduction
263(1)
2 Dysphagia
263(1)
3 Gastric Involvement
264(1)
4 Gastrointestinal Vasculitis and Inflammation
264(1)
5 Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis
265(1)
6 Overlap With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
266(1)
7 Overlap With Coeliac Disease
266(1)
8 Association With Chronic Viral Infections
266(1)
9 Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
267(1)
10 Therapeutic Management
267(4)
References
268(3)
15 Digestive Involvement in Primary Sjogren's Syndrome
S. Retamozo
P. Brito-Zeron
C. Morcillo
B. Kostov
N. Acar-Denizli
M. Ramos-Casals
1 Introduction
271(1)
2 Esophageal Involvement
272(1)
2.1 Dysphagia
272(1)
2.2 Gastroesophageal Reflux
273(1)
3 Gastric Involvement
273(2)
3.1 Chronic Gastritis
273(1)
3.2 Helicobacter pylori Infection
274(1)
4 Intestinal Involvement
275(2)
4.1 Association With Celiac Disease
275(1)
4.2 Gastrointestinal Vasculitis
276(1)
4.3 Protein-Losing Gastroenteropathy
277(1)
5 Pancreatic Involvement
277(1)
6 Liver Involvement
278(15)
6.1 Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
279(1)
6.2 Chronic Hepatitis B Virus
280(1)
6.3 Primary Biliary Cholangitis
281(1)
6.4 Autoimmune Hepatitis
282(2)
6.5 Other Autoimmune Liver Diseases
284(1)
6.6 Evaluation of Altered Liver Profile in Patients With Sjogren's Syndrome
285(1)
References
286(7)
16 Gastrointestinal Involvement in Systemic Vasculitis
L. Quartuccio
S. De Vita
1 Introduction
293(1)
2 Large-Vessel Vasculitis
294(8)
2.1 Takayasu Arteritis
294(3)
2.2 Giant Cell Arteritis
297(3)
2.3 Chronic Periaortitis
300(2)
3 Medium-Sized Vessel Vasculitis
302(2)
3.1 Polyarteritis Nodosa
302(2)
3.2 Kawasaki's Disease
304(1)
4 Small-Sized Vessels Vasculitis
304(17)
4.1 Henoch---Schonlein Purpura and Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
305(1)
4.2 ANCA-Associated Small-Vessel Vasculitis
306(2)
4.3 Mixed Cryoglobulinemia, Hepatitis C Virus Infection, and Gastrointestinal Involvement
308(5)
References
313(8)
17 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
J. Romero-Diaz
J. Sanchez-Guerrero
1 Introduction
321(1)
2 Are Gastrointestinal Features a Common Manifestation of Mixed Connective Tissue Disease?
322(2)
3 Oral Manifestations
324(1)
4 Esophageal Dysfunction
324(3)
5 Bowel Manifestations
327(1)
6 Other Conditions
327(1)
7 Therapeutic Considerations
328(1)
8 Conclusion
329(4)
References
329(4)
18 Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis
R.A. Ferrandiz
G.S. Alarcon
1 Introduction
333(1)
2 Manifestations Directly Due to Rheumatoid Arthritis
333(3)
3 Gastrointestinal Disease Resulting From Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics
336(3)
4 Mimics of Gastrointestinal Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis
339(1)
5 Conclusion
339(10)
References
344(5)
19 Spondyloarthritis and Gastrointestinal Involvement
F. Atzeni
R. Talotta
I.F. Masala
P. Sarzi-Puttini
1 Introduction
349(1)
2 Prevalence and Epidemiology
349(1)
3 Etiology/Pathogenesis
350(3)
4 Clinical Manifestations
353(1)
5 Diagnostic Investigations
354(2)
5.1 Radiological
354(1)
5.2 Functional Tests
355(1)
5.3 Biochemistry/Serology/Immunology
355(1)
6 Differential Diagnosis
356(1)
7 Treatment
356(7)
References
358(5)
20 Intestinal Behcet's Disease
R. Hamad
H. Direskeneli
J. Al Saleh
M. Khamashta
1 Introduction
363(1)
2 Epidemiology
363(1)
3 Clinical Features
364(1)
4 Differential Diagnosis
365(1)
5 Pathogenesis
365(2)
6 Diagnosis
367(3)
6.1 Skin Pathergy Reaction
368(1)
6.2 Inflammatory Markers
368(1)
6.3 Imaging
368(1)
6.4 Histopathology
369(1)
7 Assessment of Severity
370(1)
8 Management
370(2)
8.1 Corticosteroids
370(1)
8.2 Azathioprine
371(1)
8.3 Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor
372(1)
8.4 Thalidomide
372(1)
8.5 Surgical Treatment
372(1)
9 Prognosis
372(5)
References
372(5)
21 Gastrointestinal Involvement of Sarcoidosis
R.P. Baughman
K. Bari
1 Introduction
377(1)
2 Sarcoidosis of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
377(2)
3 Sarcoidosis of Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
379(1)
4 Hepatic and Splenic Sarcoidosis
380(13)
4.1 Histopathology and Pathogenesis
380(3)
4.2 Clinical Features
383(1)
4.3 Diagnosis
383(2)
4.4 Differential Diagnosis
385(1)
4.5 Treatment
386(7)
5 Conclusion
393(6)
References
393(6)
22 IgG4-Related Disease: Gastrointestinal Involvement
P. Brito-Zeron
X. Bosch
M. Gandia
M.-J. Soto Cardenas
M. Ramos-Casals
J.H. Stone
1 Introduction
399(1)
2 Clinical Spectrum of IgG4-Gastrointestinal Disease
400(5)
2.1 Sclerosing Sialadenitis
400(2)
2.2 Esophageal Involvement
402(1)
2.3 Gastric Involvement
403(1)
2.4 Involvement of the Small Intestine
403(1)
2.5 Involvement of the Large Intestine
403(1)
2.6 Liver Involvement
403(1)
2.7 Sclerosing Cholangitis
404(1)
2.8 Cholecystitis
404(1)
2.9 Autoimmune Pancreatitis
404(1)
2.10 Intraabdominal Lymphadenopathy
404(1)
3 Diagnostic Approach
405(2)
3.1 Imaging Studies
405(1)
3.2 Laboratory Abnormalities
406(1)
3.3 Histopathological Studies
406(1)
3.4 Diagnostic Criteria
407(1)
4 Therapeutic Approach
407(4)
Acknowledgments
408(1)
References
408(3)
23 Gastrointestinal Complications of Antirheumatic Drugs
K.D. Rainsford
I.R.L. Kean
W.F. Kean
1 Introduction
411(1)
2 The Clinical Setting
412(3)
2.1 Populations With Musculoskeletal Pain
412(2)
2.2 Burdens of Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Medication Use
414(1)
3 Gastrointestinal Reactions in Autoimmune Arthropathies
415(4)
3.1 Multiple Origins of Gastrointestinal Reactions
415(1)
3.2 Variation in Ulcerogenicity of NSAIDs
416(3)
3.3 Mechanisms of Action of the NSAIDs
419(1)
4 Gastrointestinal Reactions in Autoimmune Arthropathies
419(3)
4.1 Multiple Origins of Gastrointestinal Reactions
420(2)
4.2 Variation in Ulcerogenicity of NSAIDs
422(1)
5 Coxibs Versus Nonselective NSAIDs
422(4)
5.1 Pharmacological Rationale for Development of Coxibs
422(2)
5.2 Potential for Impact of Arthritic Disease
424(1)
5.3 Gastrointestinal Symptomatic Adverse Drug Reactions
425(1)
5.4 Enter the Second-Generation Coxibs
426(1)
6 Strategies to Minimize or Eliminate Gastrointestinal Complications
426(7)
6.1 Effects of NSAIDs and Helicobacter pylori on Acid Secretion
427(1)
6.2 Acid Secretion and Gastrin Production in Rheumatic Patients
428(1)
6.3 Why Give Antisecretory Agents to Rheumatic Patients?
428(1)
6.4 Risk Factors
429(1)
6.5 Agents Used to Control Acid
429(4)
7 Modification of Analgesics to Prevent Gastric Complications
433(1)
8 Conclusion
434(19)
References
434(11)
Further Reading
445(8)
Index 453
Dr. Manuel Ramos-Casals (MD, PhD) is Specialist Physician in the Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit (Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain). Dr Ramos-Casals is a clinically trained internist and researcher, with a special interest in Sjögrens syndrome, cryoglobulinemia and HCV-related autoimmunity. He has developed several clinical and basic research projects on primary SS and is trained in research methodology and experimental models of autoimmunity. He has published in the last 3 years various publications in the best journals in Rheumatology and Internal Medicine (see above). Dr. Ramos-Casals is Assistant Professor in Immunology Diseases, in the Department of Medicine of the University of Barcelona. Munther Khamashta is Professor/Consultant Physician and Director of The Graham Hughes Lupus Research Laboratory at St Thomas Hospital, London, and runs a large lupus pregnancy clinic. He studied medicine in Barcelona and internal medicine in Madrid, Spain, where he developed an interest in connective tissue diseases and received his PhD. He was awarded the MRCP in 1999 and FRCP in 2002. He joined the Lupus Unit in London 25 years ago and has been instrumental in developing it into an internationally recognised tertiary centre receiving referrals from all over the UK, see https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/munther-khamashta(e30b3284-8df1-4 cc2-9856-9bca61db843e)/biography.html Fabiola Atzeni, MD, PhD is currently Full Professor and Head of the Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. Her clinical and research interest lies in immunotherapies in autoimmune diseases with particular focus on the investigation and management of differential response to biological therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Spondyloarthritis (SpA), and cardiovascular aspects of the different rheumatic diseases with particular emphasis on arteriosclerosis. Dr. Atzeni has co-authored over 400 publications in peer-reviewed journals and several book chapters, is a regular reviewer for several international journals. She is involved in several international and national meetings focused on cardiovascular and infection aspects.