Contributors |
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xv | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
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1 The Digital Supply Chain---emergence, concepts, definitions, and technologies |
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1 A transformative decade |
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3 | (2) |
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2 Emergence of the Digital Supply Chain |
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5 | (2) |
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2.1 The digitalization of supply chains |
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6 | (1) |
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3 Building blocks for the Digital Supply Chain |
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7 | (7) |
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3.1 Smart Factories, Smart Warehouses, and Smart Logistics |
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7 | (2) |
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3.2 The Cloud and platforms |
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9 | (1) |
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3.3 Analytics, Data Science, and Al |
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10 | (1) |
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3.4 Emerging technologies---Blockchain, Digital Twins, and the Internet of Things |
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11 | (3) |
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4 Defining the Digital Supply Chain |
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14 | (1) |
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5 Many opportunities, many challenges |
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15 | (2) |
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6 Outline of book contents |
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17 | (10) |
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18 | (9) |
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Part II Digital building blocks and enabling technologies |
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2 Digital Manufacturing: the evolution of traditional manufacturing toward an automated and interoperable Smart Manufacturing Ecosystem |
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1 Introduction---the evolution of production paradigms |
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27 | (5) |
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1.1 From Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) to Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) |
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28 | (1) |
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1.2 Industry 4.0 and the emergence of Smart Manufacturing Systems |
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29 | (3) |
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2 Interoperability and automation |
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32 | (4) |
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2.1 Interoperability and ontologies |
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32 | (1) |
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2.2 The pyramid of industrial automation |
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33 | (2) |
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2.3 Generic approaches to implement interoperability in smart manufacturing ecosystems |
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35 | (1) |
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2.4 The smart factory: connectivity, automation, and data |
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35 | (1) |
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2.5 IoT architectures for automation, interoperability, and monitoring of Industrial Big Data |
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36 | (1) |
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3 Interoperable Digital Twins and predictive maintenance in modern manufacturing |
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36 | (3) |
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4 Digitalization and smart factories: trends and future challenges |
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39 | (1) |
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4.1 Product lifecycle management |
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39 | (1) |
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4.2 5G for smart manufacturing and Industry 5.0 |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (7) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (6) |
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3 Smart warehouses---a sociotechnical perspective |
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1 The digital supply chain transforms the requirements for warehousing |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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3 Smart warehouses: enabling technologies |
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49 | (3) |
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4 Order-picking in the smart warehouse |
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52 | (2) |
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5 Smart warehouses are sociotechnical systems |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (4) |
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58 | (3) |
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4 The Internet of Things---an emerging paradigm to support the digitalization of future supply chains |
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61 | (2) |
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2 The basic concepts of IoT |
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63 | (3) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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3 Supply chain management, novel digital technologies, and IoT |
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66 | (1) |
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4 IoT applications in OM and SCM |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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4.3 Other manufacturing domains |
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67 | (1) |
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5 Future challenges for IoT in the supply chain |
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67 | (1) |
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5.1 Security and data privacy |
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67 | (1) |
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5.2 Standards, identification, and naming services |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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6 Perspectives on IoT adoption and implementation in supply chains |
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68 | (2) |
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7 Conclusions, limitations, and future research |
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70 | (7) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (6) |
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5 The cloud, platforms, and digital twins---Enablers of the digital supply chain |
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77 | (1) |
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2 Perspectives on cloud-based systems |
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78 | (4) |
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2.1 Defining cloud computing |
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79 | (1) |
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2.2 Software as a service |
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79 | (1) |
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2.3 Cloud-based Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems |
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80 | (1) |
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2.4 Advantages and challenges for enterprises adopting cloud computing |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (3) |
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3.1 Characteristics of digital platforms |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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3.4 Manufacturing as a Service (MaaS)---combining platforms and the cloud |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (3) |
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4.1 Defining a digital twin in a supply chain context |
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86 | (1) |
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4.2 Applications of digital twins for supply chain resilience management |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (5) |
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88 | (5) |
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6 Algorithms, Analytics, and Artificial Intelligence: harnessing data to make supply chain decisions |
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93 | (2) |
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2 Current and prevalent algorithms and Al techniques |
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95 | (8) |
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2.1 Prescriptive techniques |
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96 | (1) |
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2.2 Predictive techniques |
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97 | (6) |
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3 Current Al and algorithmic applications with the most impact |
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103 | (1) |
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4 Potential techniques and emerging areas of application for Al and algorithms |
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104 | (2) |
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5 Conclusion and perspectives |
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106 | (5) |
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107 | (4) |
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7 The impact of digitalization on contemporary and future logistics |
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111 | (1) |
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2 Digitalization in logistics and supply chain management |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (8) |
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115 | (1) |
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4.2 Artificial Intelligence |
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115 | (1) |
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4.3 Pervasive computing and Internet of Things |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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4.5 Physical Internet and Industry 4.0 |
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118 | (1) |
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4.6 Big data and Business Analytics |
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119 | (2) |
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5 Concluding observations and future prospects |
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121 | (6) |
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122 | (5) |
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8 Blockchain technologies in the digital supply chain |
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127 | (1) |
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2 Functionality of blockchain |
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128 | (1) |
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3 Blockchain in the academic supply chain literature |
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129 | (8) |
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129 | (3) |
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3.2 Drivers of blockchain adoption in logistics and SCM |
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132 | (2) |
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3.3 Barriers to blockchain adoption in supply chains |
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134 | (3) |
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4 Industrial applications of blockchain |
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137 | (3) |
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5 Conclusion and further research |
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140 | (7) |
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141 | (6) |
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Part III Managing the Digital Supply Chain |
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9 Digital architectures: frameworks for supply chain data and information governance |
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147 | (1) |
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2 Data as a resource---the need for data quality |
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148 | (3) |
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2.1 Data and information management frameworks |
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148 | (2) |
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2.2 Data and information landscapes and information ecologies |
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150 | (1) |
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3 Data and information architectures |
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151 | (3) |
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3.1 Data management in cyber-physical SC environments |
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152 | (2) |
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3.2 Data governance in the SC environments |
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154 | (1) |
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4 Data sharing agreements |
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154 | (2) |
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5 Data attributes, sharing, and access control |
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156 | (1) |
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6 Actors, roles, and relationships in data sharing |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (5) |
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159 | (4) |
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10 Supply chain traceability systems---robust approaches for the digital age |
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163 | (1) |
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2 Visibility, transparency, and traceability |
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164 | (1) |
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2.1 Being visible and transparent |
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164 | (1) |
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2.2 The usage of terms---traceability, traceability system, tracking, and tracing |
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164 | (1) |
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3 Motivations for traceability and transparency |
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165 | (2) |
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3.1 Increasing operating efficiency |
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165 | (1) |
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3.2 Meeting legal compliance |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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3.4 Building trust and confidence |
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167 | (1) |
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4 Information requirements for traceability systems |
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167 | (2) |
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4.1 Traceability standards |
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167 | (1) |
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4.2 Common information building blocks |
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168 | (1) |
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4.3 Working with information in a common language |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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5.1 Laser and camera-based system with barcodes and QR codes |
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169 | (1) |
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5.2 Radio frequency identification and near field communication |
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169 | (1) |
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5.3 Internet of Things and blockchain |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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6.1 Cybersecurity---supply chain cybersecurity and multiple-party authentication |
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170 | (1) |
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6.2 Standards---building standards and harmonization of guidelines |
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170 | (1) |
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6.3 Data quality---unsynchronized data and signal corruption |
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171 | (1) |
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6.4 Integrating new technology |
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171 | (1) |
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6.5 Competing interests among stakeholders |
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171 | (1) |
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7 An illustrative case: the wood supply chain |
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172 | (1) |
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7.1 Motivation and challenge |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (8) |
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173 | (8) |
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11 Digital purchasing and procurement systems: evolution and current state |
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1 Introduction---the rise of digital procurement systems |
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181 | (1) |
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2 The development of digital procurement systems |
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182 | (5) |
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2.1 Early computer-assisted purchasing with MRP and spreadsheets |
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183 | (1) |
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2.2 The integration of procurement and supply chain management through Electronic Data Inter-change (EDI) and ERP |
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183 | (1) |
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2.3 Characteristics of contemporary digital procurement systems---P2P and S2P |
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184 | (3) |
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2.4 State of the art in practice |
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187 | (1) |
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3 Research perspectives on digitalization of procurement |
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187 | (1) |
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3.1 Research on digital procurement systems adoption: technology readiness |
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187 | (1) |
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3.2 The need for wider research on contemporary digital procurement systems |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (4) |
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4.1 Start of Hitachi's digital procurement system journey |
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188 | (2) |
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4.2 Hitachi Rail Group: implementing Jaggaer |
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190 | (1) |
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4.3 Pilot study: supporting tenders on high-speed bid projects |
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191 | (1) |
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5 Looking ahead: the future of digital procurement systems |
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192 | (2) |
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5.1 Further automation of digital procurement systems |
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193 | (1) |
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5.2 The future of S2P digital procurement technology |
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193 | (1) |
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5.3 Data integrity and cyber security in future digital procurement |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (5) |
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194 | (5) |
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12 Measuring and managing digital supply chain performance |
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199 | (1) |
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2 A framework for performance management in digital supply chains |
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200 | (4) |
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2.1 Traditional view of performance management in supply chains |
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200 | (1) |
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2.2 Importance of data in digital supply chains |
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201 | (1) |
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2.3 A data-driven framework for performance management |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (6) |
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204 | (1) |
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3.2 Ramco Cements Limited |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (4) |
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4 Impact of emerging technologies on performance measurement and management |
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210 | (1) |
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4.1 Supply chain dashboards |
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210 | (1) |
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4.2 Other emerging technologies |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (4) |
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212 | (3) |
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13 The art of cyber security in the age of the digital supply chain: detecting and defending against vulnerabilities in your supply chain |
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215 | (2) |
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2 Governments, consultancies, and industry approaches |
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217 | (4) |
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3 Research on supply chain cyber security |
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221 | (5) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (10) |
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227 | (10) |
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Part IV Digital Supply Chain --- sectoral cases |
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14 Digital retail---key trends and developments |
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237 | (1) |
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2 The reshaping of the retail value chain |
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238 | (2) |
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2.1 Manufacturing in the retail value chain |
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238 | (1) |
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2.2 Retailing---the emergence of the platform model |
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239 | (1) |
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2.3 Delivery and fulfillment |
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239 | (1) |
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3 Platform-based retail ecosystems---the cases of Alibaba and Amazon |
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240 | (9) |
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240 | (5) |
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245 | (4) |
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249 | (2) |
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4.1 Transition to a platform business model with ongoing investment in physical assets |
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249 | (1) |
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4.2 Channel-agnostic, convenient, and personalized retail experience |
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249 | (1) |
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4.3 Faster and flexible logistics capabilities |
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250 | (1) |
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4.4 Manufacturing operations |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (4) |
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251 | (4) |
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15 Digitalization in the textiles and clothing sector |
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255 | (3) |
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2 Digital clothing design and sample development |
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258 | (1) |
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2.1 Product design, sample development, and product lifecycle management |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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3 Digitalization of clothing supply and manufacturing networks |
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259 | (3) |
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3.1 Sourcing and procurement |
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259 | (2) |
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3.2 Production planning and manufacturing |
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261 | (1) |
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4 Digitalization of clothing distribution and retail formats |
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262 | (3) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (2) |
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5 Digitally enabled clothing circularity |
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265 | (2) |
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267 | (6) |
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268 | (5) |
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16 Digitalization in production and warehousing in food supply chains |
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Olumide Emmanuel Oluyisola |
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273 | (1) |
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2 DigiMat---an innovation project between a food supply chain and academia |
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274 | (1) |
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3 Characteristics of food supply chains |
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275 | (2) |
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277 | (8) |
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4.1 Case 1---smart planning and control in production |
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278 | (2) |
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4.2 Case 2---smart material handling in production |
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280 | (2) |
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4.3 Case 3---smart planning and control in warehousing |
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282 | (1) |
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4.4 Case 4---smart material handling in warehousing |
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283 | (2) |
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5 Conclusions and future research perspective |
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285 | (4) |
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286 | (3) |
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17 Automotive supply chain digitalization: lessons and perspectives |
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289 | (1) |
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2 Overview of SC digitalization in the automotive sector |
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290 | (6) |
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2.1 Era 1---Industry 2.0 and fragmented operations digitalization---1950--1970s |
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290 | (1) |
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2.2 Era 2---toward internal and local SC digitalization (local integration)---1980s |
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291 | (1) |
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2.3 Era 3---toward extended interorganizational SC digitalization---1990s |
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292 | (1) |
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2.4 Era 4---total integration and interconnected SCs digitalization---2000s |
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293 | (1) |
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2.5 Era 5---Industry 4.0, full SC digitalization---from the 2010s |
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294 | (2) |
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2.6 The coevolution of information systems and automotive supply chains |
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296 | (1) |
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3 Lessons from the SC digitalization of a car manufacturer |
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296 | (8) |
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3.1 Understanding the SC digitalization strategy and processes of a car manufacturer |
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299 | (3) |
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3.2 Lessons from the SC digitalization process experience |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (5) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (4) |
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18 Digitalization of the international shipping and maritime logistics industry: a case study of TradeLens |
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309 | (2) |
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311 | (1) |
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3 Digitalization in the maritime industry |
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312 | (1) |
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4 Tradelens: A blockchain-enabled digital solution in the shipping industry |
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313 | (5) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (2) |
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4.3 TradeLens SWOT analysis |
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316 | (2) |
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5 Impact of shipping industry digitalization on the shipping ecosystem |
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318 | (3) |
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6 Discussion and conclusion |
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321 | (4) |
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321 | (4) |
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19 How can SMEs participate successfully in Industry 4.0 ecosystems? |
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Guilherme Brittes Benitez |
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325 | (1) |
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2 Supply chain technology solution provision in Industry 4.0 |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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4 Starting collaboration---an Open Innovation approach for Industry 4.0 technology solution provision in supply chains |
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328 | (1) |
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5 Reshaping linear supply chains to become innovation ecosystems |
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329 | (1) |
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6 Expanding relationships---a Social Exchange view in innovation ecosystems for Industry 4.0 technology solution provision |
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330 | (2) |
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7 From supply chains to a platform-driven ecosystem structure |
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332 | (1) |
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8 Maturing technologies---a Boundary-Spanning perspective for Industry 4.0 platforms |
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332 | (2) |
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9 A conceptual model for Industry 4.0 technology solution provision |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (7) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (6) |
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Part V Research frontiers in the Digital Supply Chain |
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20 Network Science for the Supply Chain: Theory, methods, and empirical results |
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343 | (1) |
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2 An outline of supply network analysis |
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344 | (2) |
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2.1 Data selection or generation |
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344 | (1) |
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2.2 Network analysis software and data preprocessing |
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345 | (1) |
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2.3 Descriptive network analysis |
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345 | (1) |
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2.4 Mathematical, simulation, and statistical analysis |
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346 | (1) |
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3 Data sources for supply network analysis |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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5 Structure of supply networks: theory, methods, and empirical results |
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347 | (8) |
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5.1 Node-level network measures |
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347 | (6) |
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5.2 Structural properties of supply networks |
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353 | (2) |
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6 Effects of network structure on performance |
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355 | (2) |
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6.1 Network structure and operational and financial performance |
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355 | (1) |
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6.2 Network structure and resilience |
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356 | (1) |
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6.3 Supply network structure and innovation |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (4) |
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358 | (3) |
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21 Deployment considerations for implementing blockchain technology in the pharmaceutical industry |
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361 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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3 Supply chain benefits of blockchain |
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362 | (1) |
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4 Pharmaceutical industry applications |
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363 | (2) |
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364 | (1) |
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4.2 Supply integrity and safety |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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4.4 Clinical trial management |
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365 | (1) |
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5 Pharmaceutical blockchain reference model |
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365 | (4) |
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5.1 Implementation issues |
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367 | (1) |
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5.2 Authenticity nonverification |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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5.4 Improper commissioning |
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368 | (1) |
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5.5 Information flow interruption |
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368 | (1) |
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5.6 Delivery disturbances |
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368 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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5.9 Security and confidentiality |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (6) |
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370 | (1) |
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371 | (4) |
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7 Research areas for implementation feasibility |
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375 | (1) |
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7.1 Scalability and data management |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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7.3 Permission and access |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
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8 Summary and conclusions |
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376 | (3) |
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376 | (3) |
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22 Digital supply chain surveillance: concepts, challenges, and frameworks |
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379 | (2) |
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2 SDAR---surveillance, detection, action, response |
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381 | (1) |
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3 Supply chain surveillance activities |
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382 | (3) |
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385 | (3) |
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5 Challenges in the application of DSCS---an illustrative example |
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388 | (4) |
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5.1 Problem formulation and solution approaches |
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388 | (3) |
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391 | (1) |
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5.3 Managerial challenges |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (5) |
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392 | (5) |
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23 Sustainability and the digital supply chain |
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397 | (1) |
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2 The emergence of a digital supply chain |
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398 | (1) |
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3 Sustainability in the digital supply chain |
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399 | (1) |
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4 Building a sustainable digital supply chain |
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400 | (1) |
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5 Driving down urban emissions---the case of the Electric Vehicle (EV) supply chain |
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401 | (4) |
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5.1 Historical perspective |
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402 | (1) |
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5.2 EV supply chain (un)sustainability |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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5.4 Digital technologies in EVs and EV supply chains |
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404 | (1) |
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5.5 Sustainability and the digital EV supply chain |
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405 | (1) |
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6 Global food supply chains---the case of the beef supply chain |
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405 | (5) |
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6.1 Historical perspective |
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405 | (3) |
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6.2 Beef supply chain (un)sustainability |
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408 | (1) |
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6.3 Sustainable alternatives to beef production |
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408 | (1) |
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6.4 Sustainability and the digital food supply chain |
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409 | (1) |
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7 Implications for theory, practice, and policy |
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410 | (2) |
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8 Conclusions and research agenda |
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412 | (7) |
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8.1 Harnessing data for sustainability evaluation |
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412 | (1) |
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8.2 Transparent may not always mean sustainable |
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413 | (1) |
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8.3 Tensions and paradoxes |
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413 | (1) |
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8.4 New solutions, same problems |
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413 | (1) |
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413 | (6) |
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24 Reconceptualizing supply chain strategy for the digital era: achieving digital ambidexterity through dynamic capabilities |
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419 | (1) |
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420 | (4) |
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420 | (1) |
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2.2 Organizational ambidexterity |
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421 | (1) |
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2.3 Supply chain theory foundations and evolution |
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421 | (1) |
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2.4 Contemporary supply chain challenges |
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422 | (1) |
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2.5 The supply chain of the future and the shifting theoretical foundations of SCM |
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422 | (1) |
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2.6 New digital technologies (NDTs) to create higher-order capabilities for supply chain components, processes, networks and flows (SCMCs, SCMPs, SCNSs, and SCFs) |
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423 | (1) |
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3 Conceptual framework and system of relationships |
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424 | (2) |
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4 Building digital supply chain capabilities (DSCCs) |
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426 | (3) |
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4.1 Supply chain visibility capabilities (sensing) |
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426 | (1) |
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4.2 Supply chain agility capabilities (seizing) |
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426 | (1) |
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4.3 Supply chain flexibility capabilities (transforming) |
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427 | (1) |
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4.4 Dynamic supply chain capabilities as a prerequisite of supply chain ambidexterity |
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427 | (1) |
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4.5 Supply chain ambidexterity and DSCCs |
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427 | (1) |
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4.6 The relationship between DSCCs and business performance |
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428 | (1) |
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5 Theoretical implications---achieving digital ambidexterity |
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429 | (1) |
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6 Managerial implications |
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429 | (1) |
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7 Conclusions and further research |
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430 | (5) |
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430 | (5) |
Index |
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435 | |