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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
A note for students |
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xv | |
A note for teachers and academics |
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xvii | |
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3 | (8) |
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3 | (5) |
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5 | (1) |
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2 English is a discipline |
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6 | (1) |
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3 English is controversial |
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7 | (1) |
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4 English is constantly changing |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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2 Where did English come from? |
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11 | (14) |
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Beginning the conversation |
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12 | (1) |
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Before English: The nineteenth century |
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12 | (7) |
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19 | (3) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (10) |
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Changing world, changing English |
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25 | (4) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (2) |
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4 The discipline of English |
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35 | (12) |
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What is a discipline, anyway? |
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35 | (4) |
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Problems in English and `disciplinary consciousness' |
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39 | (6) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (10) |
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Into the text or out from the text? |
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47 | (1) |
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Intrinsic attitudes: Into the text |
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48 | (2) |
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Extrinsic attitudes: Out of the text |
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50 | (2) |
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Contrasting these two attitudes |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (4) |
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6 Literature, value and the canon |
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57 | (12) |
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Can literature be defined? |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (4) |
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How does the canon affect you? |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (20) |
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Shakespeare the Star: The traditionalists' argument |
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72 | (2) |
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Shakespeare the Black Hole: The cultural materialists' argument |
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74 | (1) |
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Is Shakespeare `simply the best'? |
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75 | (3) |
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Does Shakespeare teach values? |
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78 | (3) |
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Does Shakespeare have a universal appeal? |
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81 | (1) |
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The effects of this debate on studying Shakespeare |
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81 | (1) |
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Traditionalists and iconoclasts in other debates |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (4) |
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Part III Reading, writing and meaning |
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89 | (2) |
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How important is the author in deciding what a work of literature means? |
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89 | (1) |
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For authorial intention: The authority of the author |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Against authorial intention: The death of the author |
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92 | (1) |
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1 Meaning: Is literature a code? |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (5) |
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So why has the author always seemed so important? |
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97 | (1) |
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Consequences of the death of the author |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (1) |
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9 Metaphors and figures of speech |
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101 | (10) |
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Figures of speech everywhere |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (1) |
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Metaphors in everyday speech |
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104 | (1) |
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Basic conceptual metaphors |
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105 | (1) |
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What metaphors mean and how they shape the world |
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106 | (3) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (8) |
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111 | (3) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (3) |
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118 | (1) |
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11 Creative writing and critical rewriting |
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119 | (10) |
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What is creative writing? |
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119 | (4) |
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Nuts and bolts and assessment |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (4) |
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12 English, politics and identity |
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129 | (12) |
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129 | (2) |
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Critical attitudes and politics |
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131 | (1) |
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The extrinsic attitude: Literature as politics? |
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131 | (1) |
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The intrinsic attitude: Literature versus politics? |
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132 | (1) |
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Where does your communal identity come from? |
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133 | (2) |
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English as cultural heritage |
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135 | (3) |
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Why has English been a political battleground? |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (10) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (2) |
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`My degree taught me skills?' |
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145 | (3) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
Conclusion: The importance of English |
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151 | (6) |
Further reading |
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157 | (14) |
Index |
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171 | |