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xiii | |
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xv | |
About the Author |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
Preface to the Second Edition |
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xxi | |
Organization of the Book |
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xxv | |
Research Cameos |
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xxvii | |
Discover your online resources |
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xxxvii | |
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1 Qualitative Approaches for Research in a Data-intensive World |
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1 | (20) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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Qualitative Research: Understanding How the World Is Seen and Experienced |
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2 | (1) |
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Qualitative Research with Information and Communications Technologies |
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3 | (5) |
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Qualitative e-Research: Inquiries in the Digital Environment |
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8 | (3) |
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Roles for Qualitative e-Researchers |
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11 | (3) |
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What Happens When Researchers Use these Ideas? |
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14 | (1) |
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A Holistic Approach to Designing and Conducting Qualitative e-Research |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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18 | (3) |
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SECTION I DESIGNING ONLINE QUALITATIVE STUDIES |
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21 | (46) |
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2 Choosing Methodologies and Methods for Online Studies |
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23 | (26) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Methodologies and Methods Are a Starting Point |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Researcher as Decision-Maker |
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25 | (1) |
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Aligning Purpose and Design |
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25 | (2) |
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Theories and Theoretical Contributions |
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27 | (2) |
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Theory in Qualitative Research |
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29 | (1) |
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Epistemologies for Qualitative Online Research |
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30 | (5) |
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Choosing Methodologies for Online Qualitative Research |
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35 | (7) |
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Methods: Ways to Conduct the Study |
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42 | (3) |
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Does Technology Serve as the Medium, Setting, or Phenomenon? |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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48 | (1) |
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3 Choosing Information and Communications Technologies for Online Studies |
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49 | (18) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Information and Communications Technologies: Tools and Features for Qualitative Online Research |
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50 | (3) |
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Synchronous or Asynchronous Communication |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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Online Communication Is Rarely Either/Or |
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54 | (2) |
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Choosing Time-Response Communications for Your Study |
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56 | (1) |
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Non-Verbal Communications Online |
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57 | (4) |
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Aligning Features with Research Purposes |
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61 | (1) |
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Choosing, Finding, or Creating a Conducive Meeting Space |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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64 | (3) |
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SECTION II BECOMING AN ETHICAL ONLINE RESEARCHER |
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67 | (68) |
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4 Designing an Ethical Online Study |
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71 | (18) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Research Ethics and Your Study |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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International Ethics Codes and Statements |
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76 | (2) |
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Ethical Guidelines from Professional Societies |
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78 | (2) |
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Ethical Issues for Online Qualitative Researchers |
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80 | (1) |
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Thinking about Ethical Positions that Support Online Qualitative Research Design |
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81 | (5) |
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86 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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86 | (3) |
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5 Conducting an Ethical Online Study |
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89 | (32) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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Adapting and Applying Ethics Theories and Codes in Qualitative Online Research |
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90 | (1) |
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Four Issues that Matter When Designing Ethical Online Research |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (5) |
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Obtain Appropriate Informed Consent from Participants |
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97 | (17) |
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Respect for the Online Research Setting |
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114 | (3) |
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117 | (2) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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119 | (2) |
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6 Researchers' Roles and Positions |
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121 | (14) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Self-Awareness + Transparency + People Skills = Research Credibility |
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122 | (3) |
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Self-Awareness, Reflexivity, and Ethical Research Practice |
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125 | (1) |
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Reflection and Reflexivity |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Taking a Position as a Researcher |
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127 | (1) |
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Insider (Emic) and Outsider (Etic) e-Research Positions |
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128 | (2) |
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Building Credibility as a Researcher |
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130 | (2) |
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Becoming a Credible, Ethical, Reflective Online Researcher |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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133 | (2) |
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SECTION III PREPARING TO COLLECT DATA ONLINE |
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135 | (54) |
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7 Creating a Sampling Plan |
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137 | (16) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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Methods and Strategies for Sampling |
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138 | (2) |
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Types of Purposive Sampling |
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140 | (6) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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Developing a Sampling Plan for Online Research |
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148 | (2) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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151 | (2) |
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8 Recruiting, Finding, and Selecting Participants Online |
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153 | (18) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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Recruiting and Selecting Human Participants |
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154 | (1) |
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Opportunities and Constraints for Online Recruiting |
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154 | (1) |
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What Characteristics Should Participants Have? |
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155 | (4) |
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Communicating with Potential Participants |
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159 | (1) |
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Ensuring that Participants Are Credible |
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159 | (1) |
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Participants Drawn from Existing Sample Frames |
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160 | (2) |
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Constructing a Sample Frame |
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162 | (1) |
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Ensuring that Researchers Are Credible |
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163 | (4) |
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Getting Out the Recruitment Message |
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167 | (3) |
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170 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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170 | (1) |
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9 Preparing to Interact with Participants Online |
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171 | (18) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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Get Ready to Collect Data Online! |
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172 | (1) |
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Communications Technologies and Research Preparation |
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172 | (2) |
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Preparation Varies by ICT Characteristics |
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174 | (1) |
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Preparing for a Synchronous or Near-Synchronous Text-Based Interaction |
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174 | (4) |
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Preparing for an Asynchronous Text-Based Interaction |
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178 | (1) |
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Preparing for a Video Interaction |
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179 | (1) |
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Preparing to Interact in a Web Conferencing Meeting Space |
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180 | (3) |
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Preparing to Interview in an Immersive Virtual Environment |
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183 | (2) |
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Getting Ready to Interact with Participants |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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188 | (1) |
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SECTION IV COLLECTING QUALITATIVE DATA ONLINE |
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189 | (66) |
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10 Finding and Collecting Extant Data Online |
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191 | (18) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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In Perspective: Documents in Research |
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192 | (3) |
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Creating a Sampling Strategy |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (2) |
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Unobtrusive Observation Conducted Online |
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199 | (4) |
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Field Notes in an Online Observation |
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203 | (1) |
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Triangulation: Using Extant Data in Multimethod Studies |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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Using Extant Sources in Your Study: Big Qual, Documents, or Materials? |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (22) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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What Does It Mean to Elicit Data? |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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Typology of e-Interview Structures |
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212 | (7) |
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Preparing the Questions and/or Prompts |
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219 | (2) |
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Planning to Conduct an Interview |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (2) |
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Conducting a Research Interview |
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225 | (3) |
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Can You Protect the Data? |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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230 | (1) |
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12 Using Enacted Methods Online |
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231 | (24) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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Understanding Enacted Research |
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232 | (2) |
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Multimodal Digital Literacies: Foundations for Enacted Research |
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234 | (3) |
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Enacted Approaches for the Online Environment |
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237 | (5) |
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Visual Elicitation: `What Do these Images, Media, or Artifacts Mean?' |
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242 | (3) |
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Generating Visuals During the Research Event |
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245 | (3) |
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Vignette, Scenario or Problem-based Role-plays |
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248 | (2) |
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Issues in Online Visual Research |
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250 | (1) |
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A Comparison of Possible Research Designs |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (2) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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253 | (2) |
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SECTION V WORKING WITH DATA AND REPORTING FINDINGS |
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255 | (54) |
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13 Organizing, Analyzing, and Interpreting Data |
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257 | (24) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Plan the Analytic Strategy that Fits Your Online Study |
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258 | (1) |
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What Stages Will I Follow? |
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258 | (3) |
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When Will I Begin to Analyze the Data: During or After Data Collection? |
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261 | (2) |
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Are Specific Analytic Conventions or Approaches Part of the Methodology I Have Selected? |
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263 | (5) |
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What Form(s) of Reasoning Will I use to Interpret the Data and Find Meaning? |
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268 | (2) |
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What System Will I Use for Coding? Will I Use Computer |
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270 | (2) |
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Aided Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS)? How Will I Interpret and Analyze Different Types of Data? |
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272 | (4) |
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What Do Methodologists Say About Data Analysis? |
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276 | (2) |
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Developing Your Judgment and Welcoming Other Views |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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280 | (1) |
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14 Writing, Reporting, and Contributing to the Literature |
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281 | (16) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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Processes for Evaluating and Reviewing Research Are Central to Scholarly Work |
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282 | (1) |
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Quality in Qualitative Research? Criteria for Evaluation and Review |
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283 | (3) |
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Using the Qualitative e-Research Framework to Evaluate Research |
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286 | (7) |
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Completing the Degree, Contributing to the Literature and the World |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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296 | (1) |
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15 Online Communications and Online Qualitative Research: Trends and Influences |
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297 | (12) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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Online Collaboration and Social Literacies |
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298 | (2) |
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Disintermediation and Apomediation |
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300 | (2) |
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Privacy in Online Milieus |
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302 | (1) |
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ICT and Social Trends: Implications for Researchers |
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303 | (1) |
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Summary of Key Concepts and Recommendations for Further Research |
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303 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Exercises |
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304 | (1) |
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Appendix: Qualitative Research Methods Resources |
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305 | (4) |
Glossary of Terms |
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309 | (10) |
References |
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319 | (18) |
Index |
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337 | |