| Preface |
|
xiii | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
xix | |
| About The Author |
|
xxi | |
|
Chapter 1 Audience-Centric Journalism |
|
|
2 | (24) |
|
Thinking Ahead: Understand Your Audience |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Media and Media Users Today |
|
|
4 | (4) |
|
Information However, Whenever and Wherever |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
The "Infotainment" Phenomenon |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Info Glut: Choices, Choices and More Choices |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Audience Participation and Spiraling Viral Coverage |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
Consider This: How Does Knowing Your Audience Shape Your Work? |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: Demographic, Psychographic and Geographic Information on Your Readers |
|
|
10 | (2) |
|
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
Thoughts From A PRO: Erik Petersen, Editor, Fort Lauderdale Magazine |
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
The Rise and Impact of the "Fake News" Phenomenon |
|
|
14 | (3) |
|
Who Writes These Stories and Why They Dolt |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
Ideologues Who Want to Advance an Ideology |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
Why Do People Fall for Fake News? |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
More Weirdness, More Chances for Errors |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
What Do We Owe Our Audience? |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
What Attracts an Audience? |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
|
21 | (3) |
|
|
|
24 | (2) |
|
Chapter 2 Critical Thinking |
|
|
26 | (20) |
|
Thinking Ahead: How to Fully "Get" a Story |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
Defining Critical Thinking |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
The Requirements of Critical Thought |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
How to Approach a Story as a Critical Thinker |
|
|
30 | (5) |
|
Raising Vital Questions by Coming to Grips With the Topic |
|
|
31 | (2) |
|
Gathering and Assessing Relevant Information |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Communicating Effectively With Others |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: The Topeka Test |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
How to Think Your Way Past Fake News |
|
|
36 | (2) |
|
Critical Thought and the Value of Your Questions |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
Asking Questions to Get Quotes or Soundbites |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
Asking Questions to Catch Up |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
Thoughts From A PRO: Jill Geisler, Bill Plante Chair of Leadership and Media Integrity, Loyola University Chicago |
|
|
39 | (2) |
|
Don't Let Your Ego Get in the Way |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
Consider This: Learn to Ask "How?" and "Why?" More Often |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
|
43 | (3) |
|
Chapter 3 Basics of Writing |
|
|
46 | (26) |
|
Thinking Ahead: Writing for a Newsreader |
|
|
47 | (3) |
|
Helpful Hints: Building a Lead From the Inside Out |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
A Quick Look at Types of Leads |
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
Identifying Problematic Leads and Finding Potential Fixes |
|
|
52 | (3) |
|
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
"Many People/Some People/Everybody/Nobody" Leads |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
Thoughts From A Pro: Janelle Cogan, Deputy Director, Storytelling, South Region of the Associated Press |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
The Inverted Pyramid: Ordering Information After the Lead |
|
|
56 | (2) |
|
Determine the Value of Your Information |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
Quotes: Letting Your Sources Tell the Story |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: The Five-Minute AP Style Guide |
|
|
58 | (5) |
|
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
Attributing Your Information |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Consider This: The Cases for and Against Fixing Quotes |
|
|
64 | (2) |
|
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
|
66 | (3) |
|
|
|
69 | (3) |
|
Chapter 4 Expanded News Writing |
|
|
72 | (20) |
|
Thinking Ahead: Learning to Break the Rules of Writing |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
Expanding the Inverted Pyramid |
|
|
74 | (2) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Thoughts From A PRO: Tony Rehagen, Freelance Writer |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
Writing With a Narrative Feel |
|
|
77 | (2) |
|
Use a Descriptive Opening |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
Weave a Narrative Thread Into Your Piece |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: Think Big, Think Small |
|
|
79 | (3) |
|
Tell Me Why I Care: The Nut Graph |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Draw Word Pictures for the Reader |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: Secondary Senses: Smelling, Feeling |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
|
|
82 | (3) |
|
Visualizing the "Story Web" |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
Understanding User-Controlled Navigation |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
Nonlinear Versus Nonsensical |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
Building Self-Contained Segments |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
Consider This: The "Web as Buffet" Approach |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
|
86 | (2) |
|
|
|
88 | (4) |
|
|
|
92 | (24) |
|
Thinking Ahead: Rethinking How to Reach Readers |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: How to Build an Audience |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
|
96 | (2) |
|
Easy Access on Almost Every Device |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
Broader Array of Expert Sources |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
Thoughts From A Pro: Ryan Wood, Green Bay Packers Beat Reporter, USA TODAY Network-Wisconsin |
|
|
98 | (2) |
|
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
Social Media Tools for Your Toolbox |
|
|
100 | (2) |
|
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: How to Tweet as a Reporter |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
Consider This: How to Fight Fake News in the Facebook Era |
|
|
104 | (4) |
|
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (2) |
|
Focus on Audience Interests |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: 3 Questions You Need to Answer Before You Begin a Blog |
|
|
110 | (2) |
|
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
|
112 | (2) |
|
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
|
|
116 | (24) |
|
Thinking Ahead: Avoiding the Awkwardness While Speaking to Others |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
Critically Thinking About Interviewing's Purpose |
|
|
117 | (3) |
|
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
What Value Does This Source Have to the Story? |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
How Badly Do I Need This Source? |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
Consider This: Email Interviews |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
Understanding the Interviewing Basics |
|
|
121 | (2) |
|
Preparing for the Interview |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
Interacting With Your Source |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
Working With Your Questions |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: Interviewing Tips From Jessica Bliss |
|
|
123 | (2) |
|
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
Ending the Interview on the Right Foot |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: On-the-Record and Off-the-Record Interviewing |
|
|
125 | (5) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
Helpful Hints: 32 Obituaries in a College Campus Newspaper |
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
Other Purposes for Interviews |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
Thoughts From A PRO: Pat Borzi, Freelance Writer |
|
|
133 | (2) |
|
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
Does This Matter to My Story? |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
Am I Asking the Question at the Right Time? |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
Am I Asking the Question in the Best Possible Way? |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
|
|
135 | (2) |
|
|
|
137 | (3) |
|
Chapter 7 Basic Reporting: News That Finds You |
|
|
140 | (26) |
|
Thinking Ahead: Getting Ready to Hit the Field |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
|
|
141 | (4) |
|
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
Seek Sources and Plan Interviews |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
Consider This: Finding the Lines That Separate Empathy and Objectivity |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
|
|
146 | (2) |
|
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: A Tale of Two Meeting Stories |
|
|
148 | (4) |
|
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: Gathering Quotes at Public Events |
|
|
152 | (3) |
|
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
Basic Tips for All Event Stories |
|
|
155 | (2) |
|
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
Look Outside of the Event |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
Stories Beyond Standard Events |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
Thoughts From A Pro: Jessica Bliss, Storytelling Columnist, The Tennessean in Nashville and USA TODAY Network-Tennessee |
|
|
158 | (4) |
|
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
|
|
160 | (1) |
|
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
|
|
163 | (3) |
|
Chapter 8 Beyond Basic Reporting: News You Have to Find |
|
|
166 | (22) |
|
Thinking Ahead: How to Find Bigger Stories That Matter |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
The News Feature: How to Find Stories in Everyday Life |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: Ways to Find Stories |
|
|
168 | (2) |
|
|
|
170 | (4) |
|
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
Getting Started: How to Become Immersed in Your New Area |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
Interview Your Predecessor |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
Building Your Beat: How to Make Friends and Influence People |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: Three Big Tips for Succeeding on a Beat |
|
|
174 | (2) |
|
Continuing Coverage: Simple Ways to Refresh Beat Reporting |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
Keep in Contact With Sources |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
Interviewing for the Profile |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
Thoughts From A Pro: Jaimi Dowdell, Data Reporter, Reuters |
|
|
178 | (3) |
|
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
Consider This: Is the Big Story Worth It? |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
|
183 | (2) |
|
|
|
185 | (3) |
|
Chapter 9 Broadcast-Style Writing and Voicing |
|
|
188 | (24) |
|
Thinking Ahead: Writing Scripts and Building Stories |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
Broadcast Style: Different, Yet the Same |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
THOUGHTS FROM A PRO: Lauren Leamanczyk, Anchor and Reporter, KARE-11 |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
|
|
192 | (2) |
|
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: Understanding Broadcast Vocabulary |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
The Basic Elements of Broadcast Structure |
|
|
195 | (3) |
|
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: Tips for Writing Scripts |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
Consider This: The Use of "You" |
|
|
199 | (3) |
|
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
|
200 | (2) |
|
Helpful Hints: A Tale of Two VO/SOTs |
|
|
202 | (5) |
|
|
|
204 | (3) |
|
|
|
207 | (2) |
|
|
|
209 | (3) |
|
Chapter 10 Collecting Audio and Visuals in the Field |
|
|
212 | (22) |
|
Thinking Ahead: How to Get Enough Material to Build a Good Story |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
|
|
213 | (4) |
|
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
What Recording Format Do You Want? |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
What Are Your Sound Options? |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
Consider This: The Smartphone-- The Amphicar of Journalism |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Mirrorless and Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) Cameras |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Types of Material You Gather |
|
|
218 | (2) |
|
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: Basic Types of Shots |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
Grab Actions and Reactions |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: Captions Count |
|
|
222 | (2) |
|
Thoughts From A Pro: Curt Lenz, Photojournalism WMTV NBC-15 |
|
|
224 | (2) |
|
Abide by the Rule of Thirds |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
Making Your Video Valuable |
|
|
226 | (3) |
|
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
Properly Frame and Compose Your Shots |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
Get More Than You Think You Need |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
Take Multiple Shots of the Same Thing |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
|
|
230 | (4) |
|
Chapter 11 Editing Audio and Video |
|
|
234 | (14) |
|
Thinking Ahead: Editing Your Raw Material Into a Polished Gem |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
|
235 | (2) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: Identifying Problematic Video |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
Consider This: Using Raw Video |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
Building a Story From Start to Finish |
|
|
239 | (3) |
|
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
Work With Your Audio Track |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
Select Shots and Form Sequences |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: When to Use Each Shot in Your Story |
|
|
242 | (2) |
|
Avoid Gimmicky Transitions |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Add Graphics and Other Elements |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
Thoughts From A Pro: Brandon Kinnard, Sports Director, WGBA-TV |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
Review the Package for Any Errors |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Chapter 12 Law and the Media |
|
|
248 | (24) |
|
Thinking Ahead: The Law Is Your Friend |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Understanding the First Amendment |
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
Misconceptions About the Amendment |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
No One Can Stop You From Publishing Anything You Want |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Nothing Bad Can Happen to You After You Publish |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Professional Journalists Enjoy Stronger Protections Than Other People |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
The First Amendment Is Clear and Absolute |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
Law Across Media Platforms: Levels of Protection |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
Let the Sunshine In: Rules for Transparency and Access |
|
|
253 | (2) |
|
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
Thoughts From A Pro: Charles N. Davis, Dean of the Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: When Someone Tells You, "I Don't Like This! I'm Suing You!" |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
|
260 | (2) |
|
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
Helpful Hints: Understanding Fault and Damage |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
|
|
263 | (2) |
|
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
Consider This: Revisiting Richard Jewell and the Coverage of the Olympic Park Bombing |
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
Public Embarrassment of Private People |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
|
|
267 | (2) |
|
|
|
269 | (3) |
|
|
|
272 | (22) |
|
Thinking Ahead: Just Because You Can, It Doesn't Mean You Should |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
Basic Approaches to Ethics |
|
|
274 | (2) |
|
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
The Categorical Imperative |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
The Principle of Self-Determination |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Tenets of Journalistic Ethics |
|
|
276 | (7) |
|
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
Be Upfront in Your Reporting |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
Consider This: The Trouble With Twitter: Journalists as Private Citizens |
|
|
283 | (2) |
|
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
Thoughts From A Pro: Andrew Seaman, News Editor, LinkedIn |
|
|
285 | (5) |
|
Avoid Conflicts of Interest |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
|
290 | (2) |
|
|
|
292 | (2) |
| Appendix A Using FOCII To Build Your Leads |
|
294 | (6) |
| Appendix B Resumes, Cover Letters And More |
|
300 | (17) |
| Appendix C A Deeper Dig Into Foia And State Public Records Laws |
|
317 | (6) |
| Appendix D Step-By-Step Editing Processes For Final Cut And Premier |
|
323 | (7) |
| Appendix E Freelancing 101 (And Beyond) |
|
330 | (14) |
| Glossary |
|
344 | (6) |
| Notes |
|
350 | (7) |
| Index |
|
357 | |
Daugiau apie elektronines knygas