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Dynamics of Young Star Clusters and Associations: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 42. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy 1st ed. 2015 [Kietas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Hardback, 348 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 6801 g, XXIII, 348 p., 1 Hardback
  • Serija: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 42
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Oct-2015
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3662472899
  • ISBN-13: 9783662472897
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Dynamics of Young Star Clusters and Associations: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 42. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy 1st ed. 2015Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 348 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 6801 g, XXIII, 348 p., 1 Hardback
  • Serija: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 42
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Oct-2015
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3662472899
  • ISBN-13: 9783662472897
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9783662472897.html
Raktažodžiai:

Where do most stars (and the planetary systems that surround them) in the Milky Way form? What determines whether a young star cluster remains bound (such as an open or globular cluster), or disperses to join the field stars in the disc of the galaxy? These questions not only impact understanding of the origins of stars and planetary systems like our own (and the potential for life to emerge that they represent), but also galaxy formation and evolution, and ultimately the story of star formation over cosmic time in the Universe.

This volume will help readers understand our current views concerning the answers to these questions as well as frame new questions that will be answered by the European Space Agency'sGaia satellite that was launched in late 2013. The book contains manuscripts of lectures given at the 42nd Saas-Fee Advanced Course “Dynamics of Young Star Clusters & Associations" by Cathie Clarke (University of Cambridge) who presents the theory of star formation and dynamical evolution of stellar systems, Robert Mathieu (University of Wisconsin) who discusses the kinematics of star clusters and associations, and I. Neill Reid (Space Telescope Science Institute) who provides an overview of the stellar populations in the Milky Way and speculates on from whence came the Sun. As part of the Saas-Fee Advanced Course Series, the book offers an in-depth introduction to the field serving as a starting point for Ph.D. research and as a reference work for professional astrophysicists.

Recenzijos

This book covers the dynamics of young stellar systems. this is both a good introduction to the field, and a useful reference for those who already work in the area. This is a great book for both observers and theorists in any area around star formation, star clusters/associations, and galactic dynamics especially timely with Gaia data arriving soon. I gave it to my PhD students with the instruction read this from cover to cover its really useful. (Simon Goodwin, The Observatory, Vol. 136 (1255), December, 2016)

Part I Theory of Star Formation and Dynamical Evolution of Stellar Systems
1 The Raw Material of Cluster Formation: Observational Constraints
3(14)
Cathie J. Clarke
1.1 Overview of Molecular Cloud Observations
3(2)
1.2 Observational Techniques Applied to GMCs
5(2)
1.2.1 Molecular Line Emission
5(1)
1.2.2 Dust Emission
6(1)
1.2.3 Dust Absorption
6(1)
1.3 Magnetic Support and the Star Formation Efficiency Problem
7(2)
1.4 Scaling Relations
9(3)
1.5 GMCs and the Large-Scale ISM
12(2)
1.6 Summary: Key Observational Constraints for Simulations
14(3)
References
14(3)
2 The Numerical Tools for Star Cluster Formation Simulations
17(14)
Cathie J. Clarke
2.1 The Pure Gravitational Problem
18(3)
2.2 Hydrodynamical Problems: A Quick Guide to SPH
21(2)
2.3 Adding `More Physics' to Hydrodynamical Codes
23(5)
2.4 Summary
28(3)
References
29(2)
3 The Comparison of Observational and Simulation Data
31(16)
Cathie J. Clarke
3.1 The Characterisation of Observational and Simulated Data
31(6)
3.1.1 Characterising Gaseous Structures
31(2)
3.1.2 Characterising Stellar Distributions
33(3)
3.1.3 Characterising the IMF
36(1)
3.2 Simulation Results: Bonnell et al. (2008) as a Case Study
37(3)
3.3 The Relationship Between Gas, Cores and Stars in Simulations
40(1)
3.4 The Origin of the Stellar IMF in `Vanilla' Calculations
40(4)
3.5 Summary
44(3)
References
44(3)
4 The Role of Feedback and Magnetic Fields
47(14)
Cathie J. Clarke
4.1 Varying the Parameters
47(3)
4.2 Putting in More Physics
50(8)
4.2.1 Thermal Feedback
50(4)
4.2.2 Outflows
54(1)
4.2.3 Magnetic Fields
54(2)
4.2.4 Ionising Radiation
56(2)
4.3 Discussion
58(1)
4.4 Summary
59(2)
References
60(1)
5 The Formation of Multiple Systems in Clusters
61(12)
Cathie J. Clarke
5.1 The Formation of Multiple Stars in `Vanilla' Simulations
63(6)
5.1.1 Binary Star Statistics
63(2)
5.1.2 Disc Orientation in Protobinaries
65(3)
5.1.3 Predictions for Higher-Order Multiples
68(1)
5.2 The Effect of `Additional Physics' on Multiple Star Formation
69(1)
5.3 Summary
70(3)
References
70(3)
6 The Role of N-body Dynamics in Early Cluster Evolution
73(16)
Cathie J. Clarke
6.1 Mass Segregation
73(2)
6.2 The Destruction of Binaries in Clusters
75(4)
6.3 Stellar Dynamics Plus Gas: Stellar Collisions
79(1)
6.4 Stellar Dynamics with Gas Removal: Infant Mortality
80(5)
6.5 Summary
85(4)
References
85(4)
7 Concluding Issues
89(16)
Cathie J. Clarke
7.1 Modelling Individual Clusters
89(4)
7.1.1 Gas-Free Studies
89(2)
7.1.2 Embedded Star-Forming Regions
91(2)
7.2 Imprint of Cluster Origin on Field Star Populations
93(3)
7.3 Imprint of Cluster Birthplace on Discs
96(1)
7.4 The Birth Environment of the Sun
97(3)
7.5 Summary
100(5)
References
100(5)
Part II Kinematics of Star Clusters and Associations
8 Introduction to Open Clusters
105(18)
Robert D. Mathieu
8.1 Introduction
105(1)
8.2 Classical Open Clusters
105(16)
8.2.1 Definition
105(2)
8.2.2 Global Properties
107(6)
8.2.3 Internal Properties
113(5)
8.2.4 OB Associations
118(3)
8.3 Closing Thought
121(2)
References
121(2)
9 Overview of Multiple Star Systems
123(14)
Robert D. Mathieu
9.1 Introduction
123(1)
9.2 Field Solar-Type Binary Population
123(5)
9.3 Field OB Binary Population
128(3)
9.4 Open Cluster Solar-Type Binary Population
131(3)
9.5 Closing Thoughts
134(3)
References
135(2)
10 Overview of Collisional Stellar Dynamics
137(10)
Robert D. Mathieu
10.1 Introduction
137(1)
10.2 Timescales
138(2)
10.3 Violent Relaxation
140(1)
10.4 Energy Equipartition and Mass Segregation
141(1)
10.5 Evolution of Dynamical Systems: Some Fundamental Physics
141(1)
10.6 Evolution of Dynamical Systems: Two-Body Processes
142(3)
10.7 Evolution of Dynamical Systems: Cluster Dissolution
145(2)
References
146(1)
11 λ Ori: A Case Study in Star Formation
147(18)
Robert D. Mathieu
11.1 Introduction
147(1)
11.2 Overview
147(2)
11.3 Dust and Molecular Gas
149(1)
11.4 Massive Stars
150(1)
11.5 Low-Mass Stars
151(5)
11.5.1 Hα Emission and Objective Prism Surveys
151(1)
11.5.2 Lithium Absorption and Multi-Object Spectroscopic Surveys
152(2)
11.5.3 Photometric Surveys
154(2)
11.6 Analysis of a Star-Forming Region
156(5)
11.6.1 Distance
157(1)
11.6.2 Spatial Distribution of Star Formation
157(1)
11.6.3 Initial Mass Function
157(2)
11.6.4 Total Stellar Population
159(1)
11.6.5 Accretion Disc Evolution
159(1)
11.6.6 Age Distribution
159(2)
11.7 The Star Formation History of λ Ori
161(1)
11.8 Final Thought
162(3)
References
162(3)
12 Overview of Star-Fonning Regions
165(14)
Robert D. Mathieu
12.1 Introduction
165(1)
12.2 Taurus-Auriga
165(4)
12.3 Orion Molecular Cloud
169(3)
12.4 Young Embedded Clusters
172(7)
References
177(2)
13 Kinematics of Star-Forming Regions
179(12)
Robert D. Mathieu
13.1 Introduction
179(2)
13.2 OB Associations After Hipparcos
181(1)
13.3 Kinematics in Star-Forming Associations
182(5)
13.4 Stellar Kinematics in Young Star Clusters
187(4)
References
189(2)
14 Pre-main-sequence Binaries
191(14)
Robert D. Mathieu
14.1 Introduction
191(1)
14.2 Pre-main-sequence Binary Frequency
192(4)
14.2.1 Definition
192(1)
14.2.2 Frequency as a Function of Star-Forming Region
192(1)
14.2.3 Frequency as a Function of Orbital Period
193(1)
14.2.4 Higher-Order Multiplicity
194(1)
14.2.5 Protobinaries
195(1)
14.3 Pre-main-sequence Binaries and Disc Evolution
196(5)
14.4 Concluding Thought
201(4)
References
201(4)
Part III From Whence the Field?
15 Galactic Demographics: Setting the Scene
205(20)
I. Neill Reid
15.1 Introduction
205(1)
15.2 The Nature of the Milky Way
206(3)
15.3 The Milky Way as a Galaxy: Large-Scale Properties
209(5)
15.4 Star Formation in the Milky Way
214(4)
15.5 Stellar Abundances
218(2)
15.6 The Sun's Place in the Milky Way
220(5)
References
222(3)
16 The Solar Neighbourhood
225(34)
I. Neill Reid
16.1 Introduction: Act Locally, Think Globally
225(1)
16.2 The Local Volume and Local Samples
226(5)
16.3 The Stellar Luminosity Function
231(2)
16.4 Stellar Multiplicity
233(5)
16.5 The Stellar Mass Function: Present Day and Initial
238(4)
16.6 Is There a Universal IMF?
242(5)
16.7 Summary
247(12)
References
256(3)
17 Stellar Kinematics and the Dynamical Evolution of the Disc
259(20)
I. Neill Reid
17.1 Introduction
259(1)
17.2 Building Stellar Kinematics as a Discipline
259(5)
17.3 Kinematics of Local Stars
264(5)
17.4 Star Streams and Moving Groups
269(4)
17.5 Stellar Migration, Radial Mixing and the Galactic Bar
273(3)
17.6 Summary
276(3)
References
276(3)
18 Clusters and the Galactic Halo
279(22)
I. Neill Reid
18.1 Introduction
279(1)
18.2 Globular Clusters and the Galactic Halo
279(4)
18.3 Setting the Context
283(3)
18.4 The ELS Model
286(3)
18.5 Searle and Zinn and Galaxy Mergers
289(3)
18.6 Globular Clusters Revisited
292(5)
18.7 Endword
297(4)
References
298(3)
19 Star Formation over Time
301(16)
I. Neill Reid
19.1 Introduction
301(1)
19.2 The Structure of the Disc
301(4)
19.3 Measuring Stellar Ages
305(5)
19.3.1 Ages for Stars in Clusters
305(1)
19.3.2 Ages for Individual Stars
306(4)
19.4 The Age-Metallicity Relation and the Age Distribution of Local Stars
310(5)
19.4.1 Stellar Metallicities
311(1)
19.4.2 The Age-Metallicity Relation
312(2)
19.4.3 The Age Distribution in the Disc
314(1)
19.5 Summary
315(2)
References
316(1)
20 Where Do Stars Form?
317(18)
I. Neill Reid
20.1 Introduction
317(1)
20.2 OB Associations
318(1)
20.3 The Taurus-Auriga Cloud
319(2)
20.4 Young Stars Near the Sun
321(2)
20.5 Clustered Star Formation: Open and Embedded Clusters
323(5)
20.5.1 Open Clusters
323(2)
20.5.2 Infrared Astronomy and the Detection of Embedded Clusters
325(1)
20.5.3 Statistics of Embedded Clusters
326(2)
20.6 Summary and Future Prospects
328(7)
References
333(2)
21 Where Was the Sun Born?
335
I. Neill Reid
21.1 Introduction
335(1)
21.2 The Age of the Sun
336(2)
21.3 The Sun's Chemical Composition
338(2)
21.4 The Characteristics of the Solar System
340(2)
21.5 The Sun's Natal Environment
342(3)
21.6 Can We Find the Sun's Companions?
345(1)
21.7 Summary and Conclusions
346
References
347
Cathie J Clarke is professor for astronomy at the Institute of Astronomy of the University of Cambridge. Her research focuses on star formation and exoplanets.

Robert Mathieu, has been on the faculty of the Department of Astronomy of the University of Wisconsin-Madison since 1987 and department chair since 2008. His research interests are: Structure, kinematics and dynamics of star clusters and star-forming regions; stellar binary populations; blue stragglers and other objects at the interface of stellar evolution and stellar dynamics; formation of binary stars; stellar angular momentum evolution.

Iain Neill Reid is an astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute. His research interests include low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, Galactic structure, extrasolar planets & astrobiology, white dwarfs. He is author of the book Reid & Hawley -  New Light on Dark Stars (Springer - Praxis 1999, 2005).