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Ecological Learning Theory [Kietas viršelis]

(University of Sussex, United Kingdom University of Sussex, UK University of Susssex, Brighton, UK)
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Originally published in 1989, this title presents a view of adaptive behaviour which integrates both evolutionary and psychological perspectives on learning. The study of learning, and in particular conditioning, had evolved in isolation from the rest of the biological sciences, and until the late 1980s had largely ignored the fact that learning processes are adaptive functions subject to the pressures of evolutionary selection. This text is designed to give a thorough insight into contemporary views of learning mechanisms, at the same time incorporating an evolutionary perspective on the function and performance of learning.

Graham Davey gives a detailed introduction to evolutionary approaches to behaviour and basic learning phenomena such as Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning. He also provides a comparative introduction to both learning and performance aspects of conditioning. He covers ecological approaches to adaptive behaviour (e.g. foraging theory), specialized learning processes such as concept formation, spatial learning, and language learning.

Innovative in its integration of ecological and evolutionary approaches with more traditional associative views of learning, the book introduces the reader to learning in a very wide variety of species other than the traditional laboratory rat and pigeon. It will be valuable to anyone with a general interest in animal behaviour, and also to those with a specific interest in learning, adaptive behaviour, and evolutionary approaches to behaviour.
List of illustrations
x
Preface xiii
1 Ecology, evolution, and learning
1(22)
Ecology and learning
2(16)
The evolution of learning
18(3)
Chapter summary
21(2)
2 Comparative aspects of conditioning: Pavlovian learning
23(35)
Pavlovian conditioning
24(32)
Chapter summary
56(2)
3 Comparative aspects of conditioning: instrumental learning
58(56)
Basic phenomena associated with instrumental conditioning
62(29)
Comparative aspects of instrumental conditioning
91(20)
Chapter summary
111(3)
4 Cognitive aspects of conditioning: associations, representations, and memories
114(26)
Associations
115(12)
Models of associative strength
127(5)
Working memory
132(5)
Chapter summary
137(3)
5 Performance models of Pavlovian conditioning
140(31)
An analysis of performance models in Pavlovian conditioning
142(13)
The functional organization of behavior: behavior systems and their releasers
155(13)
Conclusion
168(1)
Chapter summary
169(2)
6 The biological function of Pavlovian conditioning
171(30)
Generalized biological function
172(11)
Pavlovian conditioning as specific adaptations to individual biological functions
183(12)
Specific adaptations or generalized biological function?
195(3)
Conclusion
198(1)
Chapter summary
199(2)
7 Instrumental conditioning: learning mechanisms, performance, and function
201(35)
A Cognitive approaches to instrumental learning: Pavlovian interpretations of instrumental learning
202(7)
Interactions between Pavlovian and instrumental learning
209(6)
Effects of reinforcer manipulation on instrumental responding
215(1)
Associative aspects of reinforcer-mediated responding
216(6)
B The nature of the reinforcement process in instrumental learning
222(1)
Avoidance learning
222(3)
Molar accounts of reinforcement
225(6)
Motivation and closed economies: a behavior systems analysis
231(2)
Conclusion
233(1)
Chapter summary
234(2)
8 Behavioral ecology
236(19)
Optimality models
236(3)
Diet selection
239(4)
Patch selection
243(2)
Patch persistence
245(6)
Risk-prone behavior
251(1)
Conclusion
252(1)
Chapter summary
253(2)
9 Phase-specific learning: imprinting and avian song learning
255(19)
Imprinting
255(11)
Song learning in birds
266(5)
The biological function of phase-specific learning
271(1)
Chapter summary
272(2)
10 Learning and intelligence
274(35)
The nature of animal intelligence
275(9)
Intelligence and arbitrary learning tasks
284(6)
Concept learning
290(8)
Spatial memory
298(2)
Language learning
300(5)
Conclusion
305(2)
Chapter summary
307(2)
Journal and periodical abbreviations 309(4)
Bibliography 313(62)
Name Index 375(13)
Species Index 388(2)
Subject Index 390
Graham Davey