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El. knyga: Economic Growth and the Middle Class in an Economy in Transition: The Case of Russia

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This book studies the evolution of the middle class in Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union. Using data from the RLMS (Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey), the volume covers the period of transition (1991-2008) during which many fundamental economic reforms were implemented. The first part of the book is devoted to a discussion of the concept of middle class and a description of the economic situation in Russia during the transition period. Particular attention is given to variations in the distribution of Russian incomes and the estimated importance of the middle class. The second part of the book focuses on the link between the middle class and income bipolarization. The third and last section of the book uses the semiparametric "mixture model" to discover how many different groups may be derived from the income distribution in Russia, as well as what the main socio-economic and demographic characteristics of those groups are. The mobility of households into and out of

the middle class during the transition period is also studied in hopes of determining the factors that contribute to such mobility. Using rigorous empirical methods, this volume sheds light on a relatively unstudied economic group and provides insight for countries which are about to enter a transition period. As such, this book will be of great interest to researchers in economics and inequality as well as professionals and practitioners working with international organizations.

Chapter I: What does the middle class refer to .- Chapter II: On the transition in Russia.- Chapter III: Distributional change and what happened to the middle class in Russia.- Chapter IV: Bi-polarization and the middle class in Russia.- Chapter V: On polarization in Russia.- Chapter VI: The socio-economic characteristics of the middle class.- Chapter VII: Income mobility and the middle class.- Chapter VIII: Conclusion.
1 What Does the Middle Class Refer To?
1(8)
1.1 Importance, Measurement and Characteristics of the Middle Class
1(6)
1.1.1 Importance of the Middle Class
1(2)
1.1.2 Measurement of the Middle Class
3(2)
1.1.3 Characteristics of the Middle Class
5(2)
1.2 The Russian Middle Class
7(2)
2 On the Transition in Russia
9(12)
2.1 Russia in Transition
9(2)
2.2 Data
11(10)
2.2.1 Data description
11(2)
2.2.2 Panel Dataset
13(1)
2.2.3 Summary Statistics
14(7)
3 Distributional Change and What Happened to the Middle Class in Russia
21(16)
3.1 Review of the Literature
22(3)
3.1.1 Relative Distribution
22(1)
3.1.2 Decomposition
23(1)
3.1.3 Relative Polarization
24(1)
3.2 Empirical Results
25(10)
3.2.1 Relative Polarization
25(4)
3.2.2 Decomposition
29(6)
3.3 Conclusions
35(2)
4 Bipolarization and the Middle Class in Russia
37(20)
4.1 Review of the Literature
37(8)
4.1.1 Bipolarization Curves
38(2)
4.1.2 Measures of Bipolarization
40(1)
4.1.3 Extensions of the FW Measure
41(1)
4.1.4 Decomposition of the Bipolarization Measure
42(1)
4.1.5 Inequality and Bipolarization
43(1)
4.1.6 Bipolarization and Mobility
44(1)
4.2 Empirical Results
45(10)
4.2.1 Bipolarization Measures
45(6)
4.2.2 Decomposition of the Bipolarization Measure (FW) by Income Sources
51(4)
4.3 Conclusions
55(2)
5 On Polarization in Russia
57(14)
5.1 Review of the Literature
57(5)
5.1.1 Polarization: Definition and Properties
57(1)
5.1.2 Measuring Polarization with an Arbitrary Number of Poles
58(4)
5.1.3 Decomposition of Polarization Indices
62(1)
5.2 Empirical Results
62(6)
5.2.1 Measuring Polarization
62(3)
5.2.2 Decomposition of Polarization Measures by Income Sources
65(3)
5.3 Conclusions
68(3)
6 The Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Middle Class
71(22)
6.1 Methodology
71(3)
6.2 Empirical Results
74(18)
6.3 Conclusions
92(1)
7 Income Mobility and the Middle Class
93(10)
7.1 Methodology: Income Mobility
93(1)
7.2 Empirical Results
94(7)
7.2.1 Mobility Between Income Groups
94(4)
7.2.2 Income Growth
98(1)
7.2.3 Mobility Within Income Groups
99(2)
7.3 Conclusions
101(2)
8 Concluding Comments
103(4)
Appendices 107(6)
References 113