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ix | |
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xiv | |
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xvi | |
| Preface |
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xix | |
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1 | (112) |
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1 International trade explained |
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3 | (26) |
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1.1 Maritime demand derived from trade |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3 Classical trade theories and their limitations |
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7 | (4) |
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1.4 New economic explanations of trade |
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11 | (3) |
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1.5 The administrative cost of international trade |
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14 | (5) |
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1.6 The transport cost of international trade |
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19 | (6) |
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25 | (4) |
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2 Seaborne trade in natural resources and primary materials |
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29 | (28) |
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2.1 Maritime demand for natural resources and primary materials |
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29 | (4) |
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2.2 Relationship between sea trade and economic development |
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33 | (6) |
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2.3 The evolution of seaborne trade in natural resources |
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39 | (10) |
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2.4 Price changes of resource-based demand and price elasticity |
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49 | (4) |
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53 | (4) |
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3 Seaborne trade in manufactured products |
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57 | (30) |
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3.1 Maritime demand for manufactured products |
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57 | (9) |
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3.2 Globalised production and trade in manufactured goods |
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66 | (5) |
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3.3 Globalised consumption and trade in manufactured goods |
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71 | (6) |
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3.4 Changes in maritime transport demand for manufactured goods |
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77 | (5) |
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82 | (5) |
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4 The future of seaborne trade and its economic importance |
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87 | (26) |
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4.1 The evolution of and recent changes in maritime trade |
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87 | (6) |
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4.2 The future of maritime transport demand |
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93 | (4) |
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4.3 The shrinking shipping cost and the effect on maritime demand |
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97 | (8) |
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4.4 The national maritime transport dependence factor |
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105 | (5) |
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110 | (3) |
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113 | (96) |
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5 Productivity and structure changes in maritime transport |
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115 | (26) |
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5.1 Maritime transport productivity |
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115 | (6) |
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5.2 Drivers of shipping productivity improvement |
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121 | (4) |
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5.3 The great maritime transport revolution: specialisation |
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125 | (6) |
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5.4 A revolution in modern shipping: containerisation |
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131 | (2) |
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5.5 The limit to productivity growth and the future trend |
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133 | (3) |
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136 | (5) |
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6 Optimisation of a ship's carrying capacity |
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141 | (20) |
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6.1 Optimisation of a ship's size |
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141 | (6) |
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6.2 Optimisation of a ship's speed |
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147 | (4) |
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6.3 The impact of time in port |
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151 | (4) |
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6.4 The impact of a ship's operation to maintenance rate |
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155 | (1) |
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6.5 The impact of loading factor |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (3) |
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7 The main forms of shipping operation |
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161 | (28) |
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7.1 Types of seaborne trade and the transport requirements |
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161 | (7) |
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7.2 The main features of tramp shipping |
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168 | (3) |
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7.3 The types of ship chartering |
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171 | (4) |
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7.4 The main features of liner shipping |
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175 | (2) |
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7.5 The main liner shipping operational patterns |
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177 | (5) |
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7.6 The main operational challenges facing liner shipping |
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182 | (4) |
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186 | (3) |
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8 Ship finance and the economics of risk |
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189 | (20) |
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8.1 The financial characteristics of ships |
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189 | (3) |
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8.2 Sources of ship investment |
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192 | (6) |
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8.3 Investment risks and risk management |
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198 | (3) |
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8.4 The financial performance of ship investment |
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201 | (2) |
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8.5 Investment in second-hand ships |
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203 | (3) |
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206 | (3) |
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209 | (110) |
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9 Maritime operational, regulatory and technological systems |
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211 | (30) |
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9.1 The ship operation system |
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211 | (3) |
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9.2 The legal and regulatory system |
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214 | (5) |
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9.3 Enforcement and implementation of regulations |
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219 | (4) |
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9.4 The technological system |
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223 | (2) |
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9.5 Three maritime technological revolutions |
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225 | (8) |
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9.6 System improvement and impact on shipping performance |
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233 | (3) |
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236 | (5) |
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10 The economics of port services |
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241 | (30) |
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241 | (3) |
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244 | (3) |
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247 | (3) |
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10.4 Port operation and the development of ships |
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250 | (5) |
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255 | (3) |
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258 | (6) |
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10.7 The pricing for port service |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (5) |
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11 The economics of supporting services for maritime transport |
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271 | (24) |
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11.1 Seafarer service market |
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271 | (5) |
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11.2 Ship registration market |
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276 | (5) |
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11.3 Insurance service market |
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281 | (3) |
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11.4 Intermediary service market |
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284 | (5) |
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11.5 Marine fuel and bunkering market |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (4) |
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12 The economics of the maritime transport freight market |
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295 | (24) |
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12.1 The structure and basic functions of maritime freight |
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295 | (2) |
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12.2 The freight of the tramp shipping market |
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297 | (3) |
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12.3 The freight of the liner shipping market |
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300 | (2) |
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12.4 The competitive nature of the freight market |
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302 | (3) |
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12.5 Freight market evolution and cycles |
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305 | (5) |
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12.6 Price elasticity and freight market volatility |
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310 | (5) |
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12.7 Risk hedging and the future trading of maritime freight |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (122) |
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13 The economics of maritime transport competition |
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321 | (30) |
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13.1 The focus of maritime competition |
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321 | (6) |
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13.2 Intel-nationalisation of maritime transport cost |
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327 | (4) |
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13.3 Standardisation in maritime transport |
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331 | (3) |
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13.4 National competitiveness in different maritime activities |
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334 | (3) |
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13.5 Quality versus cost - competition strategies |
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337 | (6) |
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13.6 Market concentration and stages of national competitiveness |
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343 | (4) |
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347 | (4) |
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14 Shipping and logistics |
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351 | (22) |
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14.1 A bigger and more complex system |
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351 | (3) |
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14.2 Relationship between international shipping and logistics |
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354 | (4) |
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14.3 Dimension of maritime logistics |
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358 | (4) |
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14.4 Value added, logistics integration and competition |
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362 | (4) |
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14.5 Logistics strategy of liner shipping companies |
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366 | (4) |
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370 | (3) |
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15 The economics of maritime safety and environmental regulations |
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373 | (24) |
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15.1 The nature of maritime safety and environmental issues |
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373 | (6) |
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15.2 Risk-based safety and environmental regulations |
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379 | (2) |
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15.3 Optimisation of environmental standards |
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381 | (4) |
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15.4 New environmental agenda and emission control methods |
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385 | (3) |
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15.5 Market-based measures for emission control |
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388 | (5) |
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393 | (4) |
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16 Digital disruption and the future of maritime transport |
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397 | (44) |
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16.1 An analysis of shipping and related activities |
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397 | (6) |
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16.2 Digitisation and programmability of maritime activities |
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403 | (5) |
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16.3 Breakthroughs in digital technology and the impact on shipping |
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408 | (2) |
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16.4 Digitalisation, automation and maritime transport |
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410 | (7) |
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16.5 The power of big data, AI and the future of maritime risks |
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417 | (4) |
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16.6 Competition from trade integration for customer control |
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421 | (4) |
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16.7 The way forward for maritime transport: from digitisation to digitalisation and digital transformation |
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425 | (7) |
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432 | (9) |
| Index |
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441 | |
