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El. knyga: Economics of Renewable Energy in the Gulf

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The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) has been at the epicenter of global energy markets because of its substantial endowment of hydrocarbons. Yet countries in the region have also stated their intent to be global leaders in renewable energy. This collection explores the drivers for the widespread adoption of renewable energy around the GCC, the need for renewable energy and the policy-economic factors that can create success.All six countries within the GCC have plans to include renewable energy power generation in their energy mix for various reasons including: a growing demand for electricity because of increasing populations, an increasing government fiscal deficit due to inefficient subsidies, the need to diversify the economy and global pressure to meet climate change requirements. However, the decision of when and by how much to introduce renewable energy is fraught with complications. In this book, a stellar cast of regional policy and academic experts explore the reasons behind these renewable energy plans and the potential impediments to success, whether it be the declining cost of producing energy from hydrocarbons, an infrastructure which needs to be updated, social acceptance, lack of financing and even harsh weather. Weighing up all these factors, the book considers the route forward for renewable energy in the Gulf region.The Economics of Renewable Energy in the Gulf offers an excellent examination of the adoption of renewable energy in the area. It will be of great interest to academic researchers and policy makers alike, particularly those working in the areas of energy economics, public policy and international relations.
List of figures
ix
List of tables
xi
List of contributors
xii
Foreword xviii
Acknowledgements xx
1 Introduction
1(9)
Hisham M. Akhonhay
Marilyn Smith
Capturing the full potential of solar energy
3(2)
Setting new policy frameworks for renewable energy
5(1)
Energy system planning and integration to support renewables
6(1)
Additional benefits of building a renewable energy sector
7(3)
2 Overview of energy supply and demand in the GCC
10(31)
David Wogan
Imtenan Al-Mubarak
Abdullah Al-Badi
Shreekar Pradhan
Introduction
10(2)
The Gulf Cooperation Council energy system
12(1)
Energy demand and growth
12(4)
Energy pricing
16(1)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
17(1)
Energy transformation in the power and water sectors
17(7)
Resources
24(6)
Energy pricing as a barrier to coordination
30(3)
Policies, targets and reforms
33(3)
Conclusions
36(5)
3 Economics of solar power in the GCC: assessing opportunities at residential and utility scales
41(16)
Amro M. Elshurafa
Walid Matar
Solar power in the GCC: weighing the costs and benefits
42(1)
Examining motivations, barriers and potential breakthroughs
43(3)
Case study: the potential for solar electricity generation in Saudi Arabia
46(5)
Winch solar option delivers greater benefit in GCC contexts?
51(2)
Conclusions
53(4)
4 Navigating the transition to renewable energy in the GCC: lessons from the European Union
57(20)
Maha Alsabbagh
Odeh Al-Jayyousi
Targets set, now time to move toward them
58(2)
State of GCC readiness for learning and ability to deploy renewable energy
60(2)
Case study: renewable energy deployment lessons from the European Union experience
62(10)
Conclusions
72(5)
5 Prioritizing renewable energy in a time of fiscal austerity
77(23)
Karen E. Young
Introduction
78(1)
Fiscal constraint dismpts traditional roles of GCC governments
79(2)
Rising energy demand supports the case for increased renewables
81(1)
Opportunities and risks for renewable energy investment in GCC states
81(5)
Legal frameworks, ownership structures and financial products: what is working, what needs reform
86(8)
Case study of the United Arab Emirates
94(2)
Conclusions
96(4)
6 De-risking low carbon investments in the GCC
100(20)
Stephen Gitonga
Walid Ali
Global to regional overview of low carbon development
101(4)
Renewable energy and climate action potential in the GCC
105(1)
De-risking and scaling up low carbon investment in the GCC
106(2)
The De-Risking Renewable Energy Investment methodology
108(2)
Applying the De-Risking Renewable Energy Investment methodology to GCC countries
110(2)
Future prospects for the Gulf to emerge as a hub for low carbon investments
112(4)
Conclusions
116(4)
7 Policies to promote renewables in the Middle East and North Africa's resource rich economies
120(19)
Rahmatallah Poudineh
Anupama Sen
Bassam Fattouh
Tapping into both hydrocarbon and renewable resources
121(2)
The central role of incentives
123(11)
Addressing barriers to renewable investment \30 Revising energy policy in the MEN A
134(2)
Conclusions
136(3)
8 Energy and climate policies to stimulate renewables deployment in GCC countries
139(28)
Steve Griffiths
Daniah Orkoubi
Review of renewable energy deployment to date and its relevance to GCC countries
140(2)
Targets set, now how to achieve them?
142(1)
The energy and climate policy nexus, including energy pricing
142(6)
Analysis: the context for renewable energy in the GCC
148(7)
Policies to stimulate deployment of renewable energy in the GCC
155(5)
Conclusions
160(7)
9 Potential impacts of solar energy integration on fuel mix strategies in Qatar
167(21)
Moiz Bohra
Nasreddine El-Dehaibi
Antonio Sanfilippo
Maravan Khraisheh
The potential for solar in power generation and electric transport
168(3)
Analytical investigations of fuel mix strategies
171(1)
A three step approach to calculate optimal fuel mix strategies
172(6)
Results and discussion
178(5)
Conclusions
183(5)
10 Renewable energy and its potential impact on GCC labor markets: opportunities and constraints
188(28)
Sylvain Cote
Can renewable energy deliver new hope for GCC youth?
189(4)
Understanding the links between renewable energy and employment
193(1)
The empirical evidence on employment and renewable energy
194(7)
GCC labor markets: identifying the constraints
201(7)
Potential policy actions
208(3)
Conclusions
211(5)
11 Forging a more centralized GCC renewable energy policy
216
Omar Al-Ubaydli
Ghada Abdulla
Lama Yaseen
Introduction
217(1)
Background: three GCC challenges
218(5)
The GCC's current, decentralized approach to renewable energy
223(3)
A more centralized GCC renewable energy policy
226(4)
Conclusions
230
Index 235
Hisham M. Akhonbay is a research fellow in the Policy and Decision Science program at KAPSARC, Saudi Arabia. Working on GCC energy cooperation and research, he has been with KAPSARC since its inception. He was previously with the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington DC as a visiting fellow where he worked on the geopolitics of oil and authored a paper on Saudi Arabias energy policy.
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