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El. knyga: Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management: Progress, Importance, and Impacts in the United States

(Program Analyst, CSS, Inc., supporting the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra), (Senior Scientist for Ecosystem Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), USA)
  • Formatas: 672 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Nov-2021
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192655431
  • Formatas: 672 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Nov-2021
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192655431

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Ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM) is rapidly becoming the default approach in global fisheries management. The clarity of what EBFM means is sharpening each year and there is now a real need to evaluate progress and assess the effectiveness and impacts. By examining a suite of over 90
indicators (including socioeconomic, governance, environmental forcing, major pressures, systems ecology, and fisheries criteria) for 9 major US fishery ecosystem jurisdictions, the authors systematically track the progress the country has made towards advancing EBFM and making it an operational
reality.

The assessment covers a wide range of data in both time (multiple decades) and space (from the tropics to the poles, representing over 10% of the world's ocean surface area). The authors view progress towards the implementation of EBFM as synonymous with improved management of living marine
resources in general, and highlight the findings from a national perspective. Although US-centric, the lessons learned are directly applicable for all parts of the global ocean. Much work remains, but significant progress has already been made to better address many of the challenges facing the
sustainable management of our living marine resources.

This is an essential and accessible reference for all fisheries professionals who are currently practicing, or progressing towards, ecosystem-based fisheries management. It will also be of relevance and use to researchers, teachers, managers, and graduate students in marine ecology, fisheries
biology, biological oceanography, global change biology, conservation biology, and marine resource management.

Recenzijos

This book provides solid and practical support for ecosystem-based thinking applied to fisheries management in US aquatic ecosystems. It is highly recommended as a reference for a wide readership, especially fisheries and policy experts, to support the construction of more bridges between these worldsthat is essential for all of us. * Conservation Biology * This book is highly recommended as a reference for a wide readership, especially fisheries and policy experts, to support the construction of more bridges between these worldsthat is essential for all of us. * Conservation Biology * This book provides solid and practical support for ecosystem-based thinking applied to fisheries management in US aquatic ecosystems. It is highly recommended as a reference for a wide readership, especially fisheries and policy experts, to support the construction of more bridges between these worldsthat is essential for all of us. * Journal of Conservation Biology * Are we finally there? The writing has been on the wall for decades, EBFM is coming! But only now do Link and Marshak demonstrate that we actually can walk the walk, drawing eminently upon case studies to provide lessons for making EBFM operational. We have made progress, and Link and Marshak are at the forefront of the development as demonstrated through this book. * Villy Christensen, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia , Canada * EBFM has been recognized as a necessary approach to balancing exploitation and ecosystem health for more than 20 years now. There is a lot written about its mixed implementation to date so having an objective assessment of true progress is refreshing and timely. The credentials of Marshak and Link lay considerable weight to the assessment, both have been major contributors bedding down and moving practical EBFM forward in America and more widely. * Beth Fulton, Senior Principal Research Scientist, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia and Deputy Director, Centre for Marine Socioecology, UTAS Research Program Leader, Environment and Ecosystems, Blue Economy CRC, Australia * EBFM is an essential step in ensuring that fisheries are managed in a way to maintain ecosystems ability to continue to contribute to human well-being. Understanding what has been done in US fisheries to move towards EBFM is an important step to refining how to implement EBFM, and there is no one better able to tell this than Link and Marshak. * Ray Hilborn, Professor, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, USA * Ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management are a keystone element to achieve the diverse goals that people have for ocean systems globally. In order to make progress in implementing ecosystem-based approaches, it is critical to evaluate the efforts to date, recognizing how social and environmental factors shape both the form and the outcomes of EBFM in different places around the world. Jason Link and Tony Marshak are at the frontier of this type of assessment. * Heather Leslie, Director, Darling Marine Center and School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, USA; co-author of Ecosystem-Based Management for the Oceans *

About the Authors xvii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxiii
Foreword xxv
Endorsements xxvii
1 Introduction
1(34)
1.1 Background
1(1)
1.2 Clarifying the What of EBFM
2(17)
1.3 Yeah, but What Level of EBFM?
19(1)
1.4 Clarifying the Why of EBFM
20(4)
1.5 Clarifying the Obstacles to EBFM
24(3)
1.6 Moving to EBFM
27(1)
1.7 References
28(7)
2 Methods for Characterizing and Examining Marine Fishery Ecosystems
35(12)
2.1 Introduction
35(6)
2.2 Socioeconomic Criteria
41(1)
2.3 Governance Criteria
41(2)
2.4 Environmental Forcing and Major Features
43(1)
2.5 Major Pressures and Exogenous Factors
43(1)
2.6 Systems Ecology and Fisheries
44(1)
2.7 Synthesis
44(1)
2.8 References
45(2)
3 The New England Region
47(66)
3.1 Introduction
48(1)
3.2 Background and Context
48(8)
3.2.1 Habitat and Geography
48(3)
3.2.2 Climate and Other Major Stressors
51(1)
3.2.3 Exploitation
52(1)
3.2.4 Invasive Species
53(1)
3.2.5 Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) and Multisector Considerations
53(3)
3.3 Informational and Analytical Considerations for this Region
56(5)
3.3.1 Observation Systems and Data Sources
56(1)
3.3.2 Models and Assessments
57(4)
3.4 Evaluation of Major Facets of EBFM for this Region
61(30)
3.4.1 Socioeconomic Criteria
61(1)
3.4.1.1 Social and Regional Demographics
61(1)
3.4.1.2 Socioeconomic Status and Regional Fisheries Economics
62(4)
3.4.2 Governance Criteria
66(1)
3.4.2.1 Human Representative Context
66(1)
3.4.2.2 Fishery and Systematic Context
67(2)
3.4.2.3 Organizational Context
69(1)
3.4.2.4 Status of Living Marine Resources (Targeted and Protected Species)
70(7)
3.4.3 Environmental Forcing and Major Features
77(1)
3.4.3.1 Oceanographic and Climatological Context
77(5)
3.4.3.2 Notable Physical Features and Destabilizing Events and Phenomena
82(1)
3.4.4 Major Pressures and Exogenous Factors
82(1)
3.4.4.1 Other Ocean Use Context
82(2)
3.4.5 Systems Ecology and Fisheries
84(1)
3.4.5.1 Basal Ecosystem Production
84(1)
3.4.5.2 System Exploitation
84(3)
3.4.5.3 Targeted and Non-Targeted Resources
87(4)
3.5 Synthesis
91(6)
3.5.1 Progress Toward EBFM
95(1)
3.5.2 Conclusions
96(1)
3.6 References
97(16)
4 The U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region
113(62)
4.1 Introduction
114(1)
4.2 Background and Context
114(7)
4.2.1 Habitat and Geography
114(1)
4.2.2 Climate and Other Major Stressors
115(2)
4.2.3 Exploitation
117(1)
4.2.4 Invasive Species
118(1)
4.2.5 Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) and Multisector Considerations
119(2)
4.3 Informational and Analytical Considerations for this Region
121(3)
4.3.1 Observation Systems and Data Sources
121(1)
4.3.2 Models and Assessments
122(2)
4.4 Evaluation of Major Facets of EBFM for this Region
124(31)
4.4.1 Socioeconomic Criteria
124(1)
4.4.1.1 Social and Regional Demographics
124(1)
4.4.1.2 Socioeconomic Status and Regional Fisheries Economics
124(6)
4.4.2 Governance Criteria
130(1)
4.4.2.1 Human Representative Context
130(2)
4.4.2.2 Fishery and Systematic Context
132(1)
4.4.2.3 Organizational Context
133(1)
4.4.2.4 Status of Living Marine Resources (Targeted and Protected Species)
134(9)
4.4.3 Environmental Forcing and Major Features
143(1)
4.4.3.1 Oceanographic and Climatological Context
143(1)
4.4.3.2 Notable Physical Features and Destabilizing Events and Phenomena
144(1)
4.4.4 Major Pressures and Exogenous Factors
145(1)
4.4.4.1 Other Ocean Use Context
145(4)
4.4.5 Systems Ecology and Fisheries
149(1)
4.4.5.1 Basal Ecosystem Production
149(1)
4.4.5.2 System Exploitation
150(2)
4.4.5.3 Targeted and Non-Targeted Resources
152(3)
4.5 Synthesis
155(7)
4.5.1 Progress toward Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM)
160(1)
4.5.2 Conclusions
161(1)
4.6 References
162(13)
5 The U.S. South Atlantic Region
175(62)
5.1 Introduction
176(1)
5.2 Background and Context
176(5)
5.2.1 Habitat and Geography
176(2)
5.2.2 Climate and Other Major Stressors
178(1)
5.2.3 Exploitation
179(1)
5.2.4 Invasive Species
180(1)
5.2.5 Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) and Multisector Considerations
181(1)
5.3 Informational and Analytical Considerations for this Region
181(3)
5.3.1 Observation Systems and Data Sources
181(2)
5.3.2 Models and Assessments
183(1)
5.4 Evaluation of Major Facets of EBFM for this Region
184(33)
5.4.1 Socioeconomic Criteria
188(1)
5.4.1.1 Social and Regional Demographics
188(1)
5.4.1.2 Socioeconomic Status and Regional Fisheries Economics
189(1)
5.4.2 Governance Criteria
189(1)
5.4.2.1 Human Representative Context
189(4)
5.4.2.2 Fishery and Systematic Context
193(8)
5.4.2.3 Organizational Context
201(1)
5.4.2.4 Status of Living Marine Resources (Targeted and Protected Species)
202(3)
5.4.3 Environmental Forcing and Major Features
205(1)
5.4.3.1 Oceanographic and Climatological Context
205(3)
5.4.3.2 Notable Physical Features and Destabilizing Events and Phenomena
208(1)
5.4.4 Major Pressures and Exogenous Factors
209(1)
5.4.4.1 Other Ocean Use Context
209(3)
5.4.5 Systems Ecology and Fisheries
212(1)
5.4.5.1 Basal Ecosystem Production
212(2)
5.4.5.2 System Exploitation
214(1)
5.4.5.3 Targeted and Non-Targeted Resources
214(3)
5.5 Synthesis
217(7)
5.5.1 Progress toward Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM)
223(1)
5.5.2 Conclusions
224(1)
5.6 References
224(13)
6 The U.S. Caribbean Region
237(46)
6.1 Introduction
238(1)
6.2 Background and Context
238(7)
6.2.1 Habitat and Geography
238(2)
6.2.2 Climate and Other Major Stressors
240(1)
6.2.3 Exploitation
241(1)
6.2.4 Invasive Species
242(1)
6.2.5 Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) and Multisector Considerations
243(2)
6.3 Informational and Analytical Considerations for this Region
245(3)
6.3.1 Observation Systems and Data Sources
245(2)
6.3.2 Models and Assessments
247(1)
6.4 Evaluation of Major Facets of EBFM for this Region
248(18)
6.4.1 Socioeconomic Criteria
248(1)
6.4.1.1 Social and Regional Demographics
248(1)
6.4.1.2 Socioeconomic Status and Regional Fisheries Economics
249(1)
6.4.2 Governance Criteria
250(1)
6.4.2.1 Human Representative Context
250(1)
6.4.2.2 Fishery and Systematic Context
251(1)
6.4.2.3 Organizational Context
252(3)
6.4.2.4 Status of Living Marine Resources (Targeted and Protected Species)
255(1)
6.4.3 Environmental Forcing and Major Features
256(1)
6.4.3.1 Oceanographic and Climatological Context
256(4)
6.4.3.2 Notable Physical Features and Destabilizing Events and Phenomena
260(1)
6.4.4 Major Pressures and Exogenous Factors
260(1)
6.4.4.1 Other Ocean Use Context
260(3)
6.4.5 Systems Ecology and Fisheries
263(1)
6.4.5.1 Basal Ecosystem Production
263(1)
6.4.5.2 System Exploitation
263(1)
6.4.5.3 Targeted and Non-Targeted Resources
264(2)
6.5 Synthesis
266(3)
6.5.1 Progress Toward Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM)
268(1)
6.5.2 Conclusions
269(1)
6.6 References
269(14)
7 The Northern Gulf of Mexico
283(60)
7.1 Introduction
284(1)
7.2 Background and Context
284(6)
7.2.1 Habitat and Geography
284(1)
7.2.2 Climate and Other Major Stressors
285(2)
7.2.3 Exploitation
287(2)
7.2.4 Invasive Species
289(1)
7.2.5 Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) and Multisector Considerations
290(1)
7.3 Informational and Analytical Considerations for this Region
290(5)
7.3.1 Observation Systems and Data Sources
290(4)
7.3.2 Models and Assessments
294(1)
7.4 Evaluation of Major Facets of EBFM for this Region
295(28)
7.4.1 Socioeconomic Criteria
296(1)
7.4.1.1 Social and Regional Demographics
296(4)
7.4.1.2 Socioeconomic Status and Regional Fisheries Economics
300(1)
7.4.2 Governance Criteria
301(1)
7.4.2.1 Human Representative Context
301(2)
7.4.2.2 Fishery and Systematic Context
303(5)
7.4.2.3 Organizational Context
308(1)
7.4.2.4 Status of Living Marine Resources (Targeted and Protected Species)
309(1)
7.4.3 Environmental Forcing and Major Features
310(1)
7.4.3.1 Oceanographic and Climatological Context
310(2)
7.4.3.2 Notable Physical Features and Destabilizing Events and Phenomena
312(1)
7.4.4 Major Pressures and Exogenous Factors
312(1)
7.4.4.1 Other Ocean Use Context
312(6)
7.4.5 Systems Ecology and Fisheries
318(1)
7.4.5.1 Basal Ecosystem Production
318(1)
7.4.5.2 System Exploitation
318(2)
7.4.6 Targeted and Non-Targeted Resources
320(3)
7.5 Synthesis
323(7)
7.5.1 Progress Toward Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM)
329(1)
7.5.2 Conclusions
330(1)
7.6 References
330(13)
8 The U.S. Pacific Region
343(72)
8.1 Introduction
344(1)
8.2 Background and Context
345(9)
8.2.1 Habitat and Geography
345(2)
8.2.2 Climate and Other Major Stressors
347(2)
8.2.3 Exploitation
349(2)
8.2.4 Invasive Species
351(1)
8.2.5 Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) and Multisector Considerations
351(3)
8.3 Informational and Analytical Considerations for this Region
354(5)
8.3.1 Observation Systems and Data Sources
354(2)
8.3.2 Models and Assessments
356(3)
8.4 Evaluation of Major Facets of EBFM for this Region
359(31)
8.4.1 Socioeconomic Criteria
359(1)
8.4.1.1 Social and Regional Demographics
359(1)
8.4.1.2 Socioeconomic Status and Regional Fisheries Economics
360(5)
8.4.2 Governance Criteria
365(1)
8.4.2.1 Human Representative Context
365(3)
8.4.2.2 Fishery and Systematic Context
368(6)
8.4.2.3 Organizational Context
374(1)
8.4.2.4 Status of Living Marine Resources (Targeted and Protected Species)
374(4)
8.4.3 Environmental Forcing and Major Features
378(1)
8.4.3.1 Oceanographic and Climatological Context
378(1)
8.4.3.2 Notable Physical Features and Destabilizing Events and Phenomena
379(1)
8.4.4 Major Pressures and Exogenous Factors
380(1)
8.4.4.1 Other Ocean Use Context
380(3)
8.4.5 Systems Ecology and Fisheries
383(1)
8.4.5.1 Basal Ecosystem Production
383(1)
8.4.5.2 System Exploitation
383(1)
8.4.5.3 Targeted and Non-Targeted Resources
383(7)
8.5 Synthesis
390(5)
8.5.1 Progress Toward Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM)
393(2)
8.5.2 Conclusions
395(1)
8.6 References
395(20)
9 The U.S. North Pacific Region
415(70)
9.1 Introduction
416(1)
9.2 Background and Context
417(7)
9.2.1 Habitat and Geography
417(1)
9.2.2 Climate and Other Major Stressors
417(3)
9.2.3 Exploitation
420(1)
9.2.4 Invasive Species
421(1)
9.2.5 Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) and Multisector Considerations
421(3)
9.3 Informational and Analytical Considerations for this Region
424(3)
9.3.1 Observation Systems and Data Sources
424(1)
9.3.2 Models and Assessments
425(2)
9.4 Evaluation of Major Facets of EBFM for this Region
427(34)
9.4.1 Socioeconomic Criteria
427(1)
9.4.1.1 Social and Regional Demographics
427(1)
9.4.1.2 Socioeconomic Status and Regional Fisheries Economics
428(8)
9.4.2 Governance Criteria
436(1)
9.4.2.1 Human Representative Context
436(1)
9.4.2.2 Fishery and Systematic Context
437(2)
9.4.2.3 Organizational Context
439(1)
9.4.2.4 Status of Living Marine Resources (Targeted and Protected Species)
440(8)
9.4.3 Environmental Forcing and Major Features
448(1)
9.4.3.1 Oceanographic and Climatological Context
448(4)
9.4.3.2 Notable Physical Features and Destabilizing Events and Phenomena
452(2)
9.4.4 Major Pressures and Exogenous Factors
454(1)
9.4.4.1 Other Ocean Use Context
454(3)
9.4.5 Systems Ecology and Fisheries
457(1)
9.4.5.1 Basal Ecosystem Production
457(1)
9.4.5.2 System Exploitation
457(1)
9.4.5.3 Targeted and Non-Targeted Resources
458(3)
9.5 Synthesis
461(7)
9.5.1 Progress toward Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM)
466(1)
9.5.2 Conclusions
467(1)
9.6 References
468(17)
10 The U.S. Western Pacific Region
485(60)
10.1 Introduction
486(1)
10.2 Background and Context
487(8)
10.2.1 Habitat and Geography
487(1)
10.2.2 Climate and Other Major Stressors
488(2)
10.2.3 Exploitation
490(4)
10.2.4 Invasive Species
494(1)
10.2.5 Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) and Multisector Considerations
495(1)
10.3 Informational and Analytical Considerations for this Region
495(4)
10.3.1 Observation Systems and Data Sources
495(3)
10.3.2 Models and Assessments
498(1)
10.4 Evaluation of Major Facets of EBFM for this Region
499(29)
10.4.1 Socioeconomic Criteria
499(1)
10.4.1.1 Social and Regional Demographics
499(1)
10.4.1.2 Socioeconomic Status and Regional Fisheries Economics
500(2)
10.4.2 Governance Criteria
502(1)
10.4.2.1 Human Representative Context
502(3)
10.4.2.2 Fishery and Systematic Context
505(7)
10.4.2.3 Organizational Context
512(1)
10.4.2.4 Status of Living Marine Resources (Targeted and Protected Species)
512(3)
10.4.3 Environmental Forcing and Major Features
515(1)
10.4.3.1 Oceanographic and Climatological Context
515(3)
10.4.3.2 Notable Physical Features and Destabilizing Events and Phenomena
518(1)
10.4.4 Major Pressures and Exogenous Factors
519(1)
10.4.4.1 Other Ocean Use Context
519(1)
10.4.5 Systems Ecology and Fisheries
520(1)
10.4.5.1 Basal Ecosystem Production
520(2)
10.4.5.2 System Exploitation
522(4)
10.4.5.3 Targeted and Non-Targeted Resources
526(2)
10.5 Synthesis
528(5)
10.5.1 Progress toward Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM)
531(1)
10.5.2 Conclusions
532(1)
10.6 References
533(12)
11 Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs)
545(66)
11.1 Introduction
546(12)
11.1.1 Atlantic and Pacific Highly Migratory Species
546(5)
11.1.2 Pacific Halibut and Pacific Whiting
551(2)
11.1.3 Atlantic and Pacific Salmon
553(2)
11.1.4 Additional Regional RFMOs, Fishery Bodies, and Global Organizations
555(3)
11.2 Evaluation of Major Facets of EBFM for These Regions
558(53)
11.2.1 Socioeconomic Criteria
561(1)
11.2.1.1 Social and Regional Demographics
561(1)
11.2.1.2 Socioeconomic Status and Regional Fisheries Economics
561(7)
11.2.2 Governance Criteria
568(1)
11.2.2.1 Human Representative Context
568(1)
11.2.2.2 Fishery and Systematic Context
569(1)
11.2.2.3 Status of Living Marine Resources (Targeted and Protected Species)
569(8)
11.2.3 Environmental Forcing and Major Features
577(1)
11.2.3.1 Oceanographic and Climatological Context
577(1)
11.2.3.2 Notable Physical Features
578(2)
11.2.4 Major Pressures and Exogenous Factors
580(1)
11.2.4.1 Other Ocean Use Context
580(4)
11.2.5 Systems Ecology and Fisheries
584(1)
11.2.5.1 Basal Ecosystem Production
584(1)
11.2.5.2 System Exploitation
584(1)
11.2.5.3 Targeted and Non-Targeted Resources
584(2)
11.2.6 Synthesis
586(5)
11.2.6.1 Progress toward Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM)
591(2)
11.2.6.2 Conclusions
593(1)
11.2.7 References
594(17)
12 An Examination of Progress Toward Ecosystem-Based Management of Living Marine Resources in the U.S.
611(40)
12.1 Introduction
611(1)
12.2 U.S. Regions
612(8)
12.3 U.S. Subregions
620(7)
12.4 U.S. Participatory RFMOs
627(6)
12.5 Progress Regarding EBFM Roadmap Recommendations
633(9)
12.6 Progress Regarding the 1999 EPAP Recommendations for FEPs
642(3)
12.7 Issues of Main Concern for U.S. Marine Regions and RFMOs Over the Next Decade
645(4)
12.8 References
649(2)
13 So What?
651(12)
13.1 What Have We Actually Accomplished Regarding Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM)?
651(2)
13.1.1 In Terms of Recognition, Support, and Acceptance of EBFM
651(1)
13.1.2 In Terms of Capability, Products, and Accomplishments
652(1)
13.1.3 In Terms of Organizations and Governance
652(1)
13.2 Has EBFM Actually Improved Conditions in the Ocean, of LMR Populations, and of Fishing Communities? Or at Least has It Been Able to Identify and Predict Major Sources of Change and Uncertainty to Them?
653(1)
13.2.1 In Terms of Status of Resources, Ocean, and Fishing Communities
653(1)
13.2.2 In Terms of at Least Being Able to Identify and Predict Major Sources of Uncertainty
654(1)
13.3 Are There Any Instances that are Good Examples of Fully Implemented EBFM?
654(1)
13.4 Has Moving Toward EBFM Made a Positive Difference?
654(1)
13.5 What are Some Areas for Improvement for EBFM in the Next Decade or So?
655(1)
13.5.1 Organizational, Mandate, and Governance Advancements
655(1)
13.5.2 Technical, Sampling, and Data Advancements
656(1)
13.5.3 Analytical and Forecast Advancements
656(1)
13.6 What If We Don't Do EBFM?
656(1)
13.7 Finis
657(1)
13.8 References
657(6)
Index 663
Jason S. Link is Senior Scientist for Ecosystem Management with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), USA. In this role, he leads approaches and models to support development of ecosystem-based management plans and activities throughout the agency, serving as the agency's senior-most authority on ecosystem science. Dr. Link holds an adjunct faculty position at the School for Marine Science and Technology at the University of Massachusetts, is a fellow of the American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists, and has received a Department of Commerce Bronze Medal and the Fisheries Society of the British Isles Medal for significant advances in fisheries science.

Anthony R. Marshak is Program Analyst with CSS, Inc. in support of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), USA. Prior to this role, he worked as a Research Associate in the NMFS Office of Science and Technology where his duties included co-leading its habitat science program, organizing workshops and symposia, and collaborating with the NMFS Senior Scientist for Ecosystem Management. Dr. Marshak has conducted research on a variety of topics including coral reef fisheries ecology, climate-related range shifts, the effects of marine protected areas, and socioecological studies related to ecosystem-based management.