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El. knyga: Electricity-based Fuels

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This book discusses the needs of future energy systems with a focus on the electricity and transportation sectors. The general idea behind electricity based fuel is explained, the current status and future potential developments of this technology are presented. A main challenge in the production of electricity based fuels is the fluctuating energy input from renewable electricity generation. The arising design and optimization targets for integrated power-to-fuel plants are discussed, also presenting plant design and operation strategies. The book gives an outlook on future expected production costs of electricity based fuels and compares it with fossil fuels and alternatives.
1 Introduction
1(18)
1.1 Global Warming and Defossilization of Energy Systems
1(5)
1.2 Defossilization of Transportation---Are Battery Electric Vehicles the Best Solution?
6(4)
1.3 Electricity-Based Fuels as Promising Low Carbon Fuels
10(2)
1.4 Opportunities for Stakeholders in Different Fields
12(2)
1.5 Energy System Integration and Off-Grid Electricity Generation Potentials
14(2)
1.6 Technological Pathways and Maturity of Power-to-Fuel Processes
16(3)
2 Electrolysis---Fundamental Technologies, Requirements and Current Status
19(14)
2.1 Alkaline Electrolysis
22(1)
2.2 Proton-Exchange-Membrane Electrolysis (PEM)
23(3)
2.3 Solid Oxide Electrolysis
26(7)
3 Chemical and Biological Synthesis---Basis for Gaseous and Liquid Fuels
33(14)
3.1 Today's Chemical and Biological Synthesis Plants
33(3)
3.2 Current Status of Chemical Synthesis for Power-to-Fuel Applications
36(2)
3.3 Evaluation of Process Routes and Suitable Fuels
38(9)
3.3.1 Process Efficiency
39(3)
3.3.2 Plant Economics
42(2)
3.3.3 Assessment of the Different Synthesis Routes
44(3)
4 Power-to-Fuel Plants---Conceptual Design and Applications
47(28)
4.1 Availability of Electricity as Design Criterion
47(5)
4.1.1 Electricity Market as Plant Design and Operation Factor
47(3)
4.1.2 Plant Design and Operation Based on Renewable Generation Profiles
50(2)
4.2 Power-to-Fuel Plant Model
52(3)
4.3 Technology and Cost Outlook of Key Components
55(7)
4.3.1 Renewable Electricity Generation
55(5)
4.3.2 Electrolysis
60(1)
4.3.3 Carbon Capture Technologies
61(1)
4.3.4 Chemical Synthesis
62(1)
4.4 Techno-economic Evaluation for Specific Scenarios
62(13)
4.4.1 Grid-Connected Plant in Germany
65(3)
4.4.2 Onshore Wind in Morocco
68(1)
4.4.3 Offshore Wind in Chile
69(1)
4.4.4 Hydropower in Scandinavia
69(2)
4.4.5 Solar Photovoltaics in Dubai
71(1)
4.4.6 Combined Onshore Wind and Solar PV in Australia
72(3)
5 Evaluation and Discussion
75(10)
5.1 Comparison of Different Power-to-Fuel Plant Concepts
75(2)
5.2 GHG Reduction Potential as Key for Commercial Implementation
77(3)
5.3 Value Chain and Key Components
80(2)
5.4 Value of Plant Flexibility
82(3)
6 Outlook: Risks and Opportunities
85(6)
6.1 Remaining Risks and Development Targets
85(2)
6.2 Opportunities for Developing Countries
87(4)
References 91
Dr.-Ing. Alexander Tremel is Principal Key Expert at Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, Erlangen, Germany;  he is responsible for the research strategy in energy process technology and energy storage.
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