Preface |
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xvii | |
About the Author |
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xxvii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxix | |
1 Introduction to MODSIM |
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1 | (22) |
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2 | (3) |
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1.2 Validation, Verification, and Calibration, |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3 Available Core Models, |
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7 | (2) |
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1.4 Model Selection Criteria, |
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9 | (2) |
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1.5 Graduate Level EM MODSIM Course, |
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11 | (1) |
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1.5.1 Course Description and Plan, |
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11 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Available Virtual EM Tools, |
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12 | (1) |
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1.6 EM-MODSIM Lecture Flow, |
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12 | (5) |
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1.7 Two Level EM Guided Wave Lecture, |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (4) |
2 Engineers Speak with Numbers |
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23 | (24) |
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23 | (1) |
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2.2 Measurement, Calculation, and Error Analysis, |
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24 | (3) |
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2.3 Significant Digits, Truncation, and Round-Off Errors, |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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2.5 Error and Confidence Level, |
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29 | (7) |
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2.5.1 Predicting the Population's Confidence Interval, |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (5) |
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2.6.1 Testing Population Mean, |
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38 | (1) |
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2.6.2 Testing Population Proportion, |
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39 | (1) |
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2.6.3 Testing Two Population Averages, |
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39 | (1) |
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2.6.4 Testing Two Population Proportions, |
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39 | (1) |
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2.6.5 Testing Paired Data, |
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40 | (1) |
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2.7 Hypothetical Tests on Cell Phones, |
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41 | (4) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (2) |
3 Numerical Analysis in Electromagnetics |
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47 | (24) |
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3.1 Taylor's Expansion and Numerical Differentiation, |
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47 | (11) |
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3.1.1 Taylor's Expansion and Ordinary Differential Equations, |
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50 | (2) |
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3.1.2 Poisson and Laplace Equations, |
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52 | (1) |
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3.1.3 An Iterative (Finite-Difference) Solution, |
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53 | (5) |
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3.2 Numerical Integration, |
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58 | (4) |
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3.2.1 Rectangular Method, |
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58 | (4) |
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3.3 Nonlinear Equations and Root Search, |
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62 | (2) |
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3.4 Linear Systems of Equations, |
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64 | (5) |
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69 | (2) |
4 Fourier Transform and Fourier Series |
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71 | (24) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (9) |
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4.2.1 Fourier Transform (FT), |
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72 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), |
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74 | (2) |
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4.2.3 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), |
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76 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Aliasing, Spectral Leakage, and Scalloping Loss, |
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77 | (3) |
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4.2.5 Windowing and Window Functions, |
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80 | (1) |
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4.3 Basic Discretization Requirements, |
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81 | (4) |
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4.4 Fourier Series Representation, |
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85 | (7) |
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4.5 Rectangular Pulse and Its Harmonics, |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
5 Stochastic Modeling in Electromagnetics |
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95 | (38) |
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95 | (3) |
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5.2 Radar Signal Environment, |
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98 | (13) |
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5.2.1 Random Number Generation, |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (7) |
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108 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Clutter Generation, |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (3) |
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5.4 Decision Making and Detection, |
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114 | (15) |
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5.4.1 Hypothesis Operating Characteristics (HOCs), |
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115 | (4) |
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5.4.2 A Communication/Radar Receiver, |
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119 | (10) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (3) |
6 Electromagnetic Theory: Basic Review |
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133 | (28) |
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6.1 Maxwell Equations and Reduction, |
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133 | (1) |
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6.2 Waveguiding Structures, |
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134 | (2) |
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6.3 Radiation Problems and Vector Potentials, |
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136 | (2) |
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6.4 The Delta Dirac Function, |
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138 | (1) |
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6.5 Coordinate Systems and Basic Operators, |
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139 | (2) |
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6.6 The Point Source Representation, |
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141 | (1) |
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6.7 Field Representation of a Point/Line Source, |
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142 | (1) |
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6.8 Alternative Field Representations, |
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143 | (2) |
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6.9 Transverse Electric/Magnetic Fields, |
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145 | (6) |
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6.9.1 The 3D TE/TM Waves, |
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145 | (1) |
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6.9.2 The 2D TE/TM Waves, |
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146 | (5) |
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6.10 The TE/TM Source Injection, |
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151 | (3) |
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6.11 Second-Order EM Differential Equations, |
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154 | (1) |
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6.12 EM Wave-Transmission Line Analogy, |
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155 | (2) |
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6.13 Time Dependence in Maxwell Equations, |
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157 | (1) |
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6.14 Physical Fundamentals, |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (3) |
7 Sturm-Liouville Equation: The Bridge between Eigenvalue and Green's Function Problems |
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161 | (14) |
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161 | (1) |
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7.2 Guided Wave Scenarios, |
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162 | (3) |
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7.3 The Sturm-Liouville Equation, |
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165 | (7) |
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7.3.1 The Eigenvalue Problem, |
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167 | (1) |
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7.3.2 The Green's Function (GF) Problem, |
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168 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Finite z-Domain Problem, |
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169 | (1) |
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7.3.4 Infinite z-Domain Problem, |
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170 | (1) |
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7.3.5 Relation between Eigenvalue and Green's Function Problems, |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
8 The 2D Nonpenetrable Parallel Plate Waveguide |
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175 | (52) |
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176 | (1) |
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8.2 Propagation Inside a 2D-PEC Parallel Plate Waveguide, |
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177 | (10) |
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8.2.1 Formulation of the TE- and TM-Type Problems, |
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178 | (3) |
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8.2.2 The Green's Function Problem, |
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181 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Accessing the Spectral Domain: Separation of Variables, |
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182 | (1) |
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8.2.4 Spectral Representations: Eigenvalue Problems, |
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183 | (1) |
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8.2.5 Spectral Representations: 1D Characteristic Green's Functions, |
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184 | (1) |
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8.2.6 The 2D Green's Function Problem: Alternative Representations, |
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185 | (2) |
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8.3 Alternative Representation: Eigenray Solution, |
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187 | (7) |
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8.3.1 Relation between Eigenmode and Eigenray Representations, |
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191 | (1) |
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8.3.2 2D GF and Hybrid Ray-Mode Decomposition, |
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192 | (2) |
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8.4 A 2D-PEC Parallel Plate Waveguide Simulator, |
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194 | (21) |
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8.4.1 Representations Used for Mode, Ray, and Hybrid Solutions, |
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195 | (12) |
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8.4.2 MATLAB Packages: RayMode and Hybrid, |
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207 | (3) |
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8.4.3 Numerical Examples, |
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210 | (5) |
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8.5 Eigenvalue Extraction from Propagation Characteristics, |
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215 | (6) |
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8.5.1 Longitudinal Correlation Function, |
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215 | (2) |
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8.5.2 Numerical Illustrations, |
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217 | (4) |
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8.6 Tilted Beam Excitation, |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (2) |
9 Wedge Waveguide with Nonpenetrable Boundaries |
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227 | (38) |
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228 | (1) |
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9.2 Statement of the Problem: Physical Configuration and Ray-Asymptotic Guided Wave Schematizations, |
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229 | (1) |
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9.3 Source-Free Solutions, |
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230 | (4) |
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9.3.1 Separable Coordinates: Conventional NM, |
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230 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Weakly Nonsepaiable Coordinates: AM, |
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231 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Uniformizing the AM Near Caustics: IM, |
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232 | (2) |
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9.4 Test Problem: The 2D Line-Source-Excited Nonpenetrable Wedge Waveguide, |
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234 | (13) |
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9.4.1 Exact Solution in Cylindrical Coordinate, |
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234 | (7) |
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9.4.2 Approximate Solutions in Rectangular Coordinates, |
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241 | (6) |
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9.4.3 IM Spectral Representation, 244' |
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9.5 The MATLAB Package "WedgeGUIDE," |
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247 | (2) |
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9.6 Numerical Tests and Illustrations, |
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249 | (7) |
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256 | (1) |
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Appendix 9A: Formation of the Spectral IM Integral in Section 9.3.3 |
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257 | (5) |
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262 | (3) |
10 High Frequency Asymptotics: The 2D Wedge Diffraction Problem |
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265 | (36) |
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266 | (2) |
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10.2 Plane Wave Illumination and HFA Models, |
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268 | (7) |
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10.2.1 Exact Solution by Series Summation, |
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268 | (2) |
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10.2.2 The Physical Optics (PO) Solution, |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (2) |
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10.2.5 The Parabolic Equation (PE) Solution, |
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275 | (1) |
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10.3 HFA Models under Line Source (LS) Excitations, |
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275 | (3) |
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10.3.1 Exact Solution by Series Summation, |
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276 | (1) |
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10.3.2 Exact Solution by Integral, |
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277 | (1) |
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10.3.3 The Parabolic Equation (PE) Solution, |
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277 | (1) |
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10.4 Basic MATLAB Scripts, |
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278 | (13) |
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10.5 The WedgeGUT Virtual Tool and Some Examples, |
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291 | (6) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (3) |
11 Antennas: Isotropic Radiators and Beam Forming/Beam Steering |
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301 | (18) |
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301 | (2) |
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11.2 Arrays of Isotropic Radiators, |
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303 | (3) |
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306 | (4) |
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11.4 Beam Forming/Steering Examples, |
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310 | (7) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
12 Simple Propagation Models and Ray Solutions |
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319 | (34) |
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320 | (1) |
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12.2 Ray-Tracing Approaches, |
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321 | (2) |
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12.3 A Ray-Shooting MATLAB Package, |
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323 | (6) |
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12.4 Characteristic Examples, |
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329 | (4) |
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12.5 Flat-Earth Problem and 2Ray Model, |
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333 | (5) |
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12.6 Knife-Edge Problem and 4Ray Model, |
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338 | (10) |
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12.7 Ray Plus Diffraction Models, |
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348 | (3) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (2) |
13 Method of Moments |
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353 | (54) |
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353 | (1) |
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13.2 Approximating a Periodic Function by Other Functions: Fourier Series Representation, |
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354 | (5) |
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13.3 Introduction to the MoM, |
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359 | (2) |
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13.4 Simple Applications of MoM, |
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361 | (11) |
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13.4.1 An Ordinary Differential Equation, |
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361 | (3) |
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13.4.2 The Parallel Plate Capacitor, |
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364 | (2) |
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13.4.3 Propagation over PEC Flat Earth, |
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366 | (6) |
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13.5 MoM Applied to "Radiation and Scattering Problems, |
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372 | (14) |
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13.5.1 A Complex Antenna Structure, |
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372 | (1) |
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13.5.2 Ground Wave Propagation Modeling, |
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373 | (3) |
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13.5.3 EM Scattering from Infinitely Long Cylinder, |
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376 | (5) |
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381 | (5) |
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13.6 MoM Applied to Wedge Diffraction Problem, |
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386 | (11) |
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13.7 MoM Applied to Wedge Waveguide Problem, |
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397 | (5) |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (5) |
14 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method |
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407 | (108) |
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14.1 FDTD Representation of EM Plane Waves, |
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407 | (22) |
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14.1.1 Maxwell Equations and Plane Waves, |
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408 | (2) |
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14.1.2 FDTD and Discretization, |
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410 | (7) |
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14.1.3 A One-Dimensional FDTD MATLAB Script, |
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417 | (1) |
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14.1.4 MATLAB-Based FDTD1D Package, |
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417 | (12) |
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14.2 Transmission Lines and Time-Domain Reflectometer, |
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429 | (39) |
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14.2.1 Transmission Line (TL) Theory, |
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430 | (4) |
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14.2.2 Plane Wave-Transmission Line Analogy, |
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434 | (3) |
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14.2.3 FDTD Representation of TL Equations, |
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437 | (10) |
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14.2.4 MATLAB-Based TDRMeter Package, |
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447 | (7) |
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14.2.5 Fourier Analysis and Reflection Characteristics, |
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454 | (2) |
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14.2.6 Laplace Analysis and Fault Identification, |
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456 | (8) |
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464 | (4) |
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14.3 1D FDTD with Second-Order Differential Equations, |
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468 | (4) |
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14.4 Two-Dimensional (2D) FDTD Modeling, |
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472 | (22) |
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14.4.1 Field Components and FDTD Equations, |
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476 | (1) |
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14.4.2 FDTD-Based Virtual Tool: MGL2D Package, |
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477 | (2) |
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14.4.3 Characteristic Examples, |
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479 | (15) |
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14.5 Canonical 2D Wedge Scattering Problem, |
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494 | (18) |
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14.5.1 Problem Postulation, |
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494 | (2) |
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14.5.2 Review of Analytical Models, |
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496 | (3) |
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499 | (3) |
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14.5.4 Discretization and Dey-Mittra Approach, |
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502 | (3) |
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14.5.5 The WedgeFDTD Package and Examples, |
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505 | (5) |
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14.5.6 Wedge Diffraction and FDTD versus MoM, |
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510 | (2) |
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512 | (1) |
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512 | (3) |
15 Parabolic Equation Method |
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515 | (80) |
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516 | (2) |
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15.2 The Parabolic Equation (PE) Model, |
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518 | (2) |
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15.3 The Split-Step Parabolic Equation (SSPE) Propagation Tool, |
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520 | (8) |
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15.4 The Finite Element Method-Based PE Propagation Tool, |
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528 | (3) |
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15.5 Atmospheric Refractivity Effects, |
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531 | (2) |
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15.6 A 2D Surface Duct Scenario and Reference Solutions, |
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533 | (5) |
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15.7 LINPE Algorithm and Canonical Tests/ Comparisons, |
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538 | (20) |
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558 | (8) |
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15.9 The Single-Knife-Edge Problem, |
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566 | (5) |
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15.10 Accurate Source Modeling, |
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571 | (9) |
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15.11 Dielectric Slab Waveguide, |
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580 | (11) |
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15.11.1 Even and Odd SymMetric Solutions, |
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582 | (2) |
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15.11.2 The SSPE Propagator and Eigenvalue Extraction, |
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584 | (1) |
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15.11.3 The Matlab-Based DiSLAB Package, |
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585 | (6) |
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591 | (1) |
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591 | (4) |
16 Parallel Plate Waveguide Problem |
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595 | (48) |
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595 | (4) |
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16.2 Problem Postulation and Analytical Solutions: Revisited, |
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599 | (14) |
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16.2.1 Green's Function in Terms of Mode Summation, |
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602 | (2) |
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16.2.2 Mode Summation for a Tilted/Directive Antenna, |
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604 | (2) |
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16.2.3 Eigenray Representation, |
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606 | (7) |
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16.2.4 Hybrid Ray + Image Method, |
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613 | (1) |
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613 | (25) |
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16.3.1 Split Step Parabolic Equation Model, |
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613 | (4) |
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16.3.2 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Model, |
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617 | (5) |
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16.3.3 Method of Moments (MoM), |
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622 | (16) |
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638 | (1) |
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639 | (4) |
Appendix A Introduction to MATLAB |
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643 | (10) |
Appendix B Suggested References |
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653 | (2) |
Appendix C Suggested Tutorials and Feature Articles |
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655 | (4) |
Index |
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659 | |