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El. knyga: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Volume 21

Edited by (University of York, UK)
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Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Volume 21 highlights major developments in this area, with results being set into the context of earlier work and presented as a set of critical yet coherent overviews. The topics covered describe contrasting types of application, ranging from biological areas such as EPR studies of free-radical reactions in biology and medically-related systems, to experimental developments and applications involving EPR imaging, the use of very high fields, and time-resolved methods. Critical and up-to-the-minute reviews of advances involving the design of spin-traps, advances in spin-labelling, paramagnetic centres on solid surfaces, exchange-coupled oligomers, metalloproteins and radicals in flavoenzymes are also included. As EPR continues to find new applications in virtually all areas of modern science, including physics, chemistry, biology and materials science, this series caters not only for experts in the field, but also those wishing to gain a general overview of EPR applications in a given area. Volume 21 cover literature published during 2005 and 2006.


Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this book an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications.
Preface 7(8)
Bruce Gilbert
Damien Murphy
Michael Davies
Biomedical applications of EPR spectroscopy 15(18)
Simon K. Jackson
Philip E. James
Introduction
15(1)
Reactive oxygen species
15(1)
Reactive nitrogen species
16(1)
Consequences of free radical reactions with biomolecules
17(4)
Damage to lipids
17(2)
Damage to DNA
19(1)
Damage to proteins
20(1)
Free radicals and disease
21(6)
Cancer
21(2)
Infectious disease
23(1)
Alzheimers disease
23(1)
Diabetes
24(1)
Cardiovascular disease
25(2)
Miscellaneous conditions
27(1)
Selected biomedical EPR techniques
27(2)
In vivo EPR oximetry
27(1)
In vivo EPR imaging
28(1)
References
29(4)
EPR studies of radiation damage to DNA and related molecules 33(26)
David Becker
Michael D. Sevilla
Introduction
33(1)
Scope of this report
33(1)
Recent trends in DNA radiation chemistry
33(1)
Symbols used
34(1)
DNA constituents
34(15)
Single crystal studies
34(8)
Amorphous systems
42(7)
DNA
49(7)
Track structure in DNA irradiated with heavy ions
49(1)
Studies of DNA-iron complexes
50(1)
Formation of 8-oxo-G in irradiated DNA by multiple one-electron oxidations
51(1)
Electron transfer versus differential fading of radicals
52(1)
Role of excited states in DNA damage-experimental and theoretical results
53(1)
Photoinduced radical formation in DNA
53(2)
DNA yields and strand breaks
55(1)
Electron induced cleavage of thymine dimers
56(1)
Acknowledgements
56(1)
References
56(3)
Measurement of interspin distances by EPR 59(17)
Gareth R. Eaton
Sandra S. Eaton
Introduction to distance determination
59(1)
Related reviews
60(1)
CW
60(1)
Accessibility to paramagnetic relaxation reagents
61(1)
Relaxation of free radicals due to nearby paramagnetic metals
62(1)
DEER (PELDOR)
62(7)
Determination of relative orientations of radicals in DEER
67(1)
More than two spins
67(1)
Uncertainty in distributions
67(1)
Metal-metal distances by DEER
68(1)
Limitations of the DEER method
68(1)
Examples of applications of DEER
69(1)
Other spin echo methods
69(2)
DQC and DEER
69(1)
Out-of-phase echo detection
70(1)
Biological studies at room temperature
71(1)
Sample preparation limitations
71(1)
Acknowledgements
71(1)
References
71(5)
Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance studies of transient organic radicals 76(29)
Dieter Beckert
Introduction
76(1)
Photochemical applications
77(22)
Photoionization
78(2)
Photoreduction of sensitizers
80(2)
Photooxidation
82(6)
Homolytic bond scission
88(2)
Addition reactions to double bonds
90(4)
CIDEP studies
94(5)
Pulse radiolysis EPR
99(1)
Concluding remarks
100(1)
References
100(5)
EPR of paramagnetic centres on solid surfaces 105(26)
Damien M. Murphy
Mario Chiesa
Introduction
105(1)
s-Block metal oxides
105(2)
Transition metal oxides
107(17)
TiO2
107(5)
ZrO2
112(2)
CeO2
114(1)
V2O5 Oxides
115(3)
CrOx Oxides
118(1)
MoOx Oxides
119(2)
Iron oxides
121(1)
Copper oxides
122(2)
ZnO
124(1)
p-Block metal oxides
124(2)
References
126(5)
EPR of exchange coupled oligomers 131(31)
Angelika B. Boeer
David CoBison
Eric J.L. McInnes
Introduction
131(1)
p-Block
131(2)
d-Block
133(9)
Dimetallic complexes
133(2)
Trimetallic complexes
135(1)
Tetrametallic complexes
136(1)
Polymetallic complexes
136(1)
Polymetallic cores encapsulated into polyoxometalates
137(1)
Molecular wheels
138(1)
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs)
139(3)
Mixed p/d- and d/f-block
142(1)
Biological systems
143(13)
Methods
143(2)
Nitrogenases
145(1)
Copper
146(1)
Manganese (excluding photosystems)
147(1)
Diiron (including 2Fe2S)
148(3)
Other iron-sulfur centres
151(2)
Coupled haems
153(1)
Cobalt
153(1)
Photosystems
153(2)
Nickel
155(1)
References
156(6)
Continuous wave and pulsed EPR analyses of metalloproteins 162(22)
Sabine Van Doorslaer
Introduction
162(1)
Field-swept EPR methods
163(2)
Detecting nuclear interactions
165(7)
Now you see it, now you don't
172(1)
Interpretation of EPR data
173(1)
Choosing between different experiments
174(2)
Example
1. The study of high-spin ferric heme proteins
176(2)
Example
2. The nickel-containing methyl-coenzyme M reductase
178(1)
Conclusion
179(1)
Acknowledgements
180(1)
References
180(4)
An EPR tool box for exploring the formation and properties of ordered template mesoporous materials 184(32)
Sharon Ruthstein
Daniella Goldfarb
Introduction
184(3)
Templated mesoporous materials
185(2)
The formation mechanism of TMM
187(4)
General principles
181(7)
Methods for mechanistic studies
188(2)
The formation of TMM with ionic templates
190(1)
The formation of TMM with non-ionic templates
191(1)
The EPR tool box
191(7)
Spin-probes
191(1)
The EPR experiments
192(6)
EPR investigation of the formation of TMM
198(13)
The location of the nitroxide label in micelles
198(1)
EPR studies of MCM-41
199(4)
EPR studies of SBA-15
203(3)
Studies of cubic mesoporous materials
206(5)
Studies of wormlike mesoporous materials
211(1)
Summary and outlook
211(1)
Acknowledgements
212(1)
References
213(3)
High-field pulse EPR instrumentation 216
Graham M. Smith
Paul A.S. Cruickshank
David R. Bolton
Duncan A. Robertson
Introduction
216(1)
Scope of the review
217(1)
High-field EPR spectroscopy
217(1)
History of high-frequency pulse EPR
218(2)
Sensitivity
220(6)
Cavities
220(3)
Sensitivity and deadtime
223(2)
Measurement bandwidth
225(1)
Averaging and pulse repetition time
226(1)
St Andrews system design
226(3)
Current system performance
226(1)
System overview
227(1)
Induction mode cavities and sample holders
227(1)
Pulse sources and pulse generation
227(1)
Phase coherent detection system
228(1)
Spectrometer front end system design
228(1)
Control software
229(1)
Discussion
229(2)
Fourier transform EPR and FID detection
229(1)
Hyperfine and electron-dipolar spectroscopies
230(1)
Dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP)
230(1)
Conclusions and outlook
231(1)
References
231
Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject, the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist with regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR).