This book and software package enables readers to design lens systems for focussing beams of charged particles having useful characteristics. The text covers the basic theory of the motion of charged particles in electrostatic fields and describes several methods for the calculation of the potential and field distribution for various electrode geometries. Two methods, the Bessel function expansion method and the nine-point implementation of the finite difference method, are given special emphasis because they are particularly appropriate for implementation by the inexperienced user. Other methods are discussed in less detail and reference is made to Web sites from which demonstration programs for these methods may be obtained. A chapter on aberrations presents formulae which enable the coefficients to be determined by an extension to the ray tracing procedures and which demonstrates optimum conditions for lens operation.
Electrostatic Lens Systems: Second Edition enables readers to design lens systems for focusing beams of charged particles that have useful characteristics. The book covers the basic theory of the motion of charged particles in electrostatic fields and describes several methods for the calculation of the potential and field distribution for various electrode geometries. It emphasizes the Bessel function expansion method, developed by the author and his students, and the nine-point implementation of the finite difference method. Demonstration programs of other methods can be found via the websites provided. A chapter on aberrations presents formulae that enable the coefficients to be determined by an extension to the ray tracing procedures, demonstrating optimum conditions for lens operation.
The book is accompanied by a disk that provides a suite of computer programs (LENSYS for MS-DOS) intended for practical use in the design and analysis of systems using round lenses with apertures or cylindrical elements. These programs are of value even to experienced workers in the field who may be quite familiar with much of the material in the text.
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