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El. knyga: Eleventh Plague: Jews, Plagues, and Pandemics from the Bible to COVID-19

4.67/5 (11 ratings by Goodreads)
(Director of the Office of Emergency Care Research, National Institutes of Health)
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Dec-2022
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780197607190
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Dec-2022
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780197607190

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A physician and historian of science and medicine at the National Institute of Health tells the hidden story of how plagues and pandemics shaped the history of the Jewish people.

Plagues, pandemics, and infectious diseases have shaped the history of the Jewish people. Of course, there were the ten biblical plagues that famously smote the Egyptians--from the rain of frogs to the deaths of the firstborn--but that is just the start of the story. For the Talmudic Sages
infectious diseases were part of the fundamental fabric of God's created world. In later times, however, disease was often thought to be caused by malign spells and incantations. A counter-magic developed to combat them. Amulets were deployed and miracle workers sought out. Surprisingly, Jeremy
Brown shows, Jews sometimes even visited Christian shrines and beseeched the intervention of their saints. In 1348, when the Black Death swept through Europe, Jews fell victim both to the disease, for which they were blamed, and to the anti-Semitic violence that followed. At least 235 Jewish
communities were persecuted even as Pope Clement IV ruled that anyone joining or authorizing the persecution would be excommunicated.

In The Eleventh Plague, Brown investigates the relation between Judaism and infectious diseases throughout the ages, from premodern and early-modern plagues, to rabbinic responses to smallpox and cholera, to the special vulnerabilities Jewish immigrants faced in the US as result of prejudice, and
to the curious practice of “Black Weddings” in which two orphans are married in a cemetery. Popularized during the 1918 influenza pandemic the practice was revived in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, showing that the intriguing relationship between Judaism and infectious disease remains relevant
today.

Recenzijos

Jeremy Brown's The Eleventh Plague is a monumental contribution to both the history of pandemics and to Jewish (medical) history. The content and staggering breadth of sources alone are well worth the purchase, but Jeremy's literary flair serves to elevate the reading experience. This book provides a much needed historical perspective that has been missing from our current pandemic discourse. * Rabbi Edward Reichman, MD, author of The Anatomy of Jewish Law: A Fresh Dissection of the Relationship Between Medicine, Medical History and Rabbinic Literature * With astonishing learning that embraces Jewish, non-Jewish and medical sources, Jeremy Brown demonstrates that Jewish life has been shaped and reshaped by pandemics from biblical days to our own. Anyone looking for context on Covid-19 and the Jewish community should start with this book. * Jonathan D. Sarna, University Professor and Joseph H. & Belle R. Braun Professor of American Jewish History, Brandeis University; Chief Historian, The Weitzman National Museum of American Jewish History * In this expansive and sweeping volume, Brown takes readers on a spellbinding tour of the myriad ways that Jews have responded to plagues. Beginning with the world of the biblical Israelites and closing with an analysis of Jewish encounters with Covid-19, Brown debunks persistent misrepresentations of Jews as perpetuators of disease and embodiments of suffering. Brown's erudition and passion for his subject shimmers on every page, and his lucid style offers surprise and insight at every turn. * Malka Z. Simkovich, author of Discovering Second Temple Literature: The Scriptures and Stories That Shaped Early Judaism. * In The Eleventh Plague: Jews and Pandemics, Jeremy Brown presents a pathbreaking study of how Jews have reacted to, been blamed for, and religiously framed pandemics...All those interested in Jewish history, the history of science, and general readers looking for the definitive take on a timely, and unfortunately (because of its morose subject matter) timeless topic need look no further than Brown's fascinating study. * Rabbi Dr. Stu Halpern, YU News * This is a timely masterpiece. * Choice * Jeremy Brown, the author of The Eleventh Plague: Jews and Pandemics from the Bible to Covid-19 (Oxford University Press), argues that pandemics, such as the bubonic plague and typhus, have impacted Jews profoundly. "It was a story of which I was completely unaware, despite being a physician and having a lifelong familiarity with Jewish sources," he writes in his erudite and fascinating book. * Sheldon Kirshner, Sheldon Kirshner Journal *

Daugiau informacijos

Winner of Winner, Modern Jewish Thought and Experience Dorot Foundation Award in Memory of Joy Ungerleider Award, 73rd National Jewish Book Awards.
Introduction 1(20)
A Chronology of Jews, Plagues, and Pandemics
7(14)
PART I THE MAJOR PANDEMICS
1 Five Golden Swellings: Pandemics in the Bible
21(20)
The Many Plagues in the Bible
22(1)
The Ten Plagues
23(1)
Scientific Explanations of the Ten Plagues
23(7)
Bubonic Plague in the Book of Samuel
30(4)
Plagues and the Census
34(1)
The Pandemic Gods of the Ancient Near East
35(1)
The Psalm to Ward Away Plagues
36(1)
Jewish Parodies of the Ten Plagues
37(2)
The COVID-19 Haggadot
39(2)
2 The Angel of Death Walks in the Middle of the Road: Pandemics in the Talmud and the Question of Fleeing
41(26)
Plague and Divine Punishment
41(2)
If There Is a Plague in the City, Gather Your Feet
43(1)
Pandemics in the Byzantine Jewish Community
44(2)
Pandemic Behavior in the Early Codes of Jewish Law
46(2)
Rabbi Ya'akov ben Moshe Moellin---Maharil
48(1)
Rabbi Shlomo Luria---Maharshal
49(1)
Rabbi Moshe Isserles---Rema
50(4)
Martin Luther and Muslim Law on Fleeing
54(4)
The Talmud in the Modern World
58(2)
Askara
60(4)
The Infant Mortality Rate in the Talmud
64(3)
3 A World Turned Upside Down: The Black Death and Bubonic Plague
67(31)
The Biology of the Black Death
67(1)
How the Planets Were Responsible
68(1)
Rabbinic Prognostications
69(1)
Medical Accounts of the Black Death
70(4)
The Plague Tract of Abraham Yagel and the Diet of Hayyim Vital
74(4)
Later Accounts of Bubonic Plague---Glikl and Anonymous
78(4)
The 1630 Plague in the Padua Ghetto
82(8)
The 1656 Plague in the Rome Ghetto
90(3)
The 1713 Plague in Prague
93(3)
Plague in the Promised Land
96(2)
4 God Has Opened the Eyes of the Wise-Hearted Dr. Jenner: Smallpox, Vaccination, and Hope
98(26)
The Smallpox Virus
99(1)
Smallpox Inoculation, and Smallpox Vaccination
100(3)
Jacob de Castro Sarmento and His Support for Smallpox Inoculation in Great Britain
103(2)
Marcus Herz and His Fight Against Smallpox Vaccination on the European Continent
105(2)
Oleh Haterufah---the First Halakhic Work on Inoculation
107(2)
The Controversy Over the Original Smallpox Inoculation
109(1)
Ishmael Hacohen of Modena
110(2)
David Friesenhausen and His Mosdot Tevel
112(2)
The Jeiteles Family Fight Against Smallpox
114(1)
Sefer Haberit
115(3)
The Antisemitic Backlash Against Jenner's Vaccine
118(3)
Smallpox in Jerusalem
121(3)
5 Your Hand Lay Heavily on the Inhabitants of This Land: Cholera
124(29)
The 1831 Epidemic
126(2)
The Cholera Rulings of Rabbi Akiva Eger
128(4)
The 1848 Epidemic and "The Three Who Ate"
132(3)
The 1866 Cholera Epidemic
135(1)
Cholera and Sin
136(1)
Cholera in Yiddish Health Manuals
137(4)
The 1902 Cholera Epidemic and the Shmittah Year
141(5)
The Cholera Epidemics of 1916 and 1917
146(7)
PART II RELIGIOUS RESPONSES TO PANDEMICS
6 I Sent You Something Priceless: Amulets and Miracle Workers
153(26)
The Widespread Belief in the Power of Amulets
155(3)
Robert Boyle and His Powdered Toads
158(1)
The Mezuzah, Judaism's Most Popular Amulet
158(3)
The Pandemic Amulets of Eastern Europe
161(4)
Kiddush Levanah Becomes a Segulah
165(1)
The Amulets of Rabbi Akiva Eger
166(6)
Twentieth-Century Amulets: The Case of Yudel Rosenberg
172(3)
Amulets in an Israeli Intensive Care Unit
175(1)
The Power of a Good Story
175(4)
7 So They Will Not Be Depressed: The Plague Wedding
179(20)
The 1866 Plague Wedding in Jerusalem
180(1)
Accounts from Community Memorial Books
180(5)
The Earliest Account of a Plague Wedding in Response to an Epidemic
185(1)
The Plague Wedding Reaches North America
186(2)
The Plague Wedding in Yiddish and Hebrew Literature
188(1)
The Origins and Explanations of the Plague Wedding
189(3)
The Plague Wedding as Carnival
192(2)
Opposition to the Plague Wedding
194(3)
The Last Recorded Plague Wedding in Europe: Zelechow
197(2)
8 Our Father Our King, Save Us from This Plague: Fasting, Prayer, and Pandemic Theology
199(40)
Fasting
199(5)
Pandemic Prayer
204(2)
Pittum Haketoret
206(8)
Pittum Haketoret at Johns Hopkins
214(1)
Pittum Haketoret and the Italian Connection
215(1)
Pandemic Selihot
216(3)
Pandemics and Personal Sin
219(12)
Prayers When Pandemics End
231(2)
Interdenominational Pandemic Prayer
233(6)
PART III ANTI-JEWISH RESPONSES TO PANDEMICS
9 The Jews Have Been Burned by Due Legal Process: The Black Death and Anti-Jewish Violence
239(27)
The Shepherds' Crusade
240(1)
The Church, the Aristocrats, and the Violence
241(2)
Wells and Poisons
243(3)
The Jewish Death Rate During the Black Death
246(2)
The Spread of the Myth of Jewish Pandemic Exceptionalism
248(6)
Evidence of the Real Jewish Death Rate
254(5)
Urban and Rural Death Rates
259(1)
Biological Plausibility
260(3)
Jewish Burial Customs
263(3)
10 A Menace to the Health of the Country: The Jewish Immigrant as a Carrier of Disease
266(31)
The Dirty Jewish Immigrant
266(1)
Tuberculosis
267(1)
Tuberculosis in New York's Jewish Immigrants
268(3)
Charles Spivak and the American Fight Against Tuberculosis
271(2)
Typhus
273(2)
The New York Typhus Epidemic of 1892
275(3)
The New York Cholera Epidemic of 1892
278(3)
The Typhus Epidemics in Warsaw and Zawiercie
281(2)
The Palestine Typhus Epidemic of 1916
283(1)
The Nazi Genocide and Typhus
283(3)
Jewish Immigrants to the State of Israel
286(11)
PART IV MODERN PANDEMICS
11 The Right to Die: Jewish Anti-Vaxxers and the Limits of Rabbinic Authority
297(15)
The First Jewish Anti-Vaxxers
297(2)
The Contemporary Anti-Vaccination Movement
299(2)
Anti-Vaccination Positions Among Orthodox Jews
301(1)
Pro-Vaccination Rulings from Haredi Rabbis
302(3)
Vaccine Skepticism Among Haredi Jews
305(5)
Mass Hysteria
310(2)
12 A Plague of Biblical Proportions: Jews and Judaism in the Age of COVID-19
312(17)
Modern Pandemic Questions
313(1)
Antisemitism and COVID-19
314(1)
COVID-19's Jewish Toll
315(3)
Jewish Communal Activity in Israel
318(4)
Communal Prayer
322(4)
COVID-19 and the Past Encounter with Pandemics
326(3)
13 Conclusions
329(4)
Acknowledgments 333(2)
Appendix 1 Sixteen Plague Sonnets by Moshe Catalano 335(6)
Appendix 2 Records of a Plague Wedding Recorded in Yizkor Books 341(2)
Appendix 3 The 1941 Typhus Epidemic and the Wedding in the Cemetery 343(4)
Notes 347(98)
Bibliography 445(32)
Index of Biblical and Talmudic Sources 477(4)
Index 481
Jeremy Brown is a physician and historian of science and medicine and directs the Office of Emergency Care Research at the National Institutes of Health. His previous books include Influenza: The Hundred-Year Hunt to Cure the Deadliest Disease in History, New Heavens and a New Earth: The Jewish reception of Copernican Thought, Cardiology Emergencies, and as editor, The Oxford American Handbook of Emergency Medicine.