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Emergency Medicine Fifth Edition: Emergency and acute medicine: Diagnosis and management 5th New edition [Minkštas viršelis]

4.65/5 (21 ratings by Goodreads)
, (Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 536 pages, aukštis x plotis: 198x129 mm, 16 line drawings
  • Išleidimo metai: 27-Oct-2006
  • Leidėjas: Hodder Arnold
  • ISBN-10: 0340927704
  • ISBN-13: 9780340927700
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 536 pages, aukštis x plotis: 198x129 mm, 16 line drawings
  • Išleidimo metai: 27-Oct-2006
  • Leidėjas: Hodder Arnold
  • ISBN-10: 0340927704
  • ISBN-13: 9780340927700
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
The fifth edition of this excellent handbook of diagnosis and management in the accident and emergency department retains the clear, didactic approach that has made previous editions so popular with the junior doctor. Giving the reader immediate access to uncluttered information, the book is ideal for those critical moments of decision-making at the bedside, and also forms a useful ready reference for all emergency medicine personnel in the clinical setting. Organized by condition the content is highly structured throughout focusing, under Diagnosis, on epidemiology, history taking, patient examination and investigations followed, under Management, by a discussion of the immediate management required and how to make the appropriate referrals. Features new to the fifth edition include boxed warnings and special points, highlighted for speedy access by the reader. The content has been thoroughly revised and updated throughout including reference to the latest CPR and APLS Guidelines. With its comprehensive approach and clear advice delivered in straightforward language, Emergency Medicine: Diagnosis and Management will remain an essential companion for all junior doctors undertaking an emergency medicine rotation, and as a helpful reference for emergency nurse practitioners, medical students and general practitioners should be considered a must-have in the emergency department "library." From the reviews of the fourth edition: "...excellent handbook with clear up to date information...offers easy to read, practical and succinct guidance...an essential part of the A&E 'shop-floor' library."--Hospital Medicine

The fifth edition of this international best-selling emergency medicine handbook has been completely updated and expanded to include the latest evidence-based guidelines in both emergency and acute medicine. The text follows a standard, clear and well set-out approach designed to maximize the practical delivery of care at the bedside. New additions to this edition range from the 2005 CPR Guidelines, febrile neutropenia and acute renal failure to information on handling SARS, bird 'flu and chemical and biological threats, amongst many others. On-the-spot decision making with a constant stream of undifferentiated patients requires a special kind of doctor - one who is up to the challenge and prepared to act, not just think. This new edition will prove an indispensable resource full of succinct, invaluable and appropriate information for the intern, SHO or junior registrar, whether called upon to act in the relative quiet of the night or during the hectic challenge of a weekend afternoon. The same high standards of care are expected with no margin for error; let this book take you to the benchmark, and make you a source of invaluable knowledge for others.
From reviews of the previous edition:
"The language is clear, the advice straightforward, and the scope comprehensive ... an essential part of the 'shop floor' library." Hospital Medicine
"A reliable text ... of enormous help to junior doctors practising accident and emergency medicine for the first time" Postgraduate Medical Journal
" ... logical, methodical and provides a framework for the management of a wide spectrum of illnesses and injury. The conciseness, portability and affordability of this text make it an excellent 'registrar in book form'". Medical Journal of Australia
"This is one of the most popular, widely read small texts available ... an excellent text that gives acceptable, quick answers to patient diagnosis and management". Emergency Medicine
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgements
Section I GENERAL MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
2
Chest Pain
13
Acute coronary syndrome
14
ST elevation myocardial infarction
14
Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, unstable angina and non-cardiac chest pain
18
Venous thromboembolism with pulmonary embolus
22
Venous thromboembolism with deep vein thrombosis
26
Aortic dissection
28
Pericarditis
29
Pleurisy
30
Abdominal causes of chest pain
30
Musculoskeletal and chest wall pain
31
Cardiac Arrhythmias
31
The Breathless Patient
36
Acute asthma
36
Community-acquired pneumonia
39
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
41
Pneumothorax
42
Pulmonary embolus
45
Pulmonary oedema
45
Acute upper airway obstruction
47
Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage
50
Diabetic Coma and Pre-coma
51
Diabetic ketoacidosis
52
Hyperglycaemic, hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome
53
The Patient with an Altered Conscious Level
54
The collapsed or unconscious patient
54
The confused patient
58
Alcohol-related medical problems
62
The patient with an altered conscious level and smelling of alcohol
63
Alcohol withdrawal
64
Acute Neurological Conditions
65
Syncope
65
Seizure
67
Generalized convulsive status epilepticus
69
Transient ischaemic attack
71
Stroke
73
Headache
75
Meningitis
75
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
77
Space-occupying lesion
78
Temporal arteritis
78
Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
79
Hypertensive encephalopathy
79
Migraine
80
Tension (muscle contraction) headache
81
Post-traumatic headache
82
Disease in other cranial structures
82
Acute Arthropathy
82
Acute monoarthropathy
83
Septic arthritis
83
Traumatic arthritis
84
Gouty arthritis
84
Pseudogout
85
Acute polyarthropathy
85
Rheumatoid arthritis
86
Osteoarthritis
87
Periarticular swellings
87
Allergic or Immunological Conditions
87
Urticaria (hives)
87
Angioedema
88
Anaphylaxis
89
Skin Disorders
91
Blistering (vesicobullous) conditions
91
Pruritus (itching conditions)
93
Purpuric conditions
94
Exanthematous diseases
97
Malignant melanoma
97
The Elderly Patient
98
Disordered behaviour in the elderly
99
Falls in the elderly
100
Further Reading
102
Section II ACID—BASE, ELECTROLYTE AND RENAL EMERGENCIES
Acid—Base Disturbances
106
Arterial blood gas interpretation
106
Metabolic acidosis
108
Metabolic alkalosis
110
Respiratory acidosis
112
Respiratory alkalosis
113
Electrolyte Disorders
114
Potassium disorders
Hyperkalaemia
115
Hypokalaemia
117
Sodium disorders
Hypernatraemia
118
Hyponatraemia
119
Calcium disorders
Hypercalcaemia
121
Hypocalcaemia
122
Magnesium disorders
Hypermagnesaemia
123
Hypomagnesaemia
124
Acute Renal Failure
125
Further Reading
127
Section III INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND FOREIGN TRAVEL EMERGENCIES
Febrile Neutropenic Patient
130
Hepatitis
131
Gastrointestinal Tract Infection
132
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
134
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
135
Needlestick and Sharps Incidents
138
Inoculation Incident with HIV Risk
138
Inoculation Incident with Hepatitis B Risk
139
Common Imported Diseases of Travellers
140
Malaria
141
Typhoid
142
Dengue
143
Helminth infections
143
Pandemic Threats
144
SARS and bird 'flu (avian influenza)
144
Further Reading
145
Section IV TOXICOLOGY
Acute Poisoning: General Principles
148
Specific Poisons
152
Paracetamol
152
Salicylates
155
Tricyclic antidepressants
157
Benzodiazepines
158
Opioids
159
Iron
160
Digoxin
161
Lithium
163
Theophylline
164
Beta-blockers
166
Calcium-channel blocking drugs
166
Carbon monoxide
167
Cyanide
169
Chloroquine
169
Cocaine
170
Organophosphates
171
Paraquat
172
Chemical Burns
173
Further Reading
174
Section V TOXINOLOGY EMERGENCIES
Snake Bites
178
Viper (adder) snake bites
178
Elapid snake bites
179
Spider Envenomation
182
Marine Envenomation
183
Bee and Wasp Stings
185
Further Reading
186
Section VI ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES
Heat, Cold and Drowning
188
Heat illness
188
Hypothermia
189
Drowning
191
Sports-Diving Accidents
193
Decompression illness
193
Decompression illness with barotrauma
194
Electrical Burns, Electrocution and Lightning Strike
196
Electrical flash burns
197
Low-voltage electrocution
197
High-voltage electrocution
198
Lightning strike
199
Further Reading
201
Section VII SURGICAL EMERGENCIES
Multiple Injuries
204
Head and Facial Injuries
210
Neck Injuries
211
Cervical spine injury
211
Airway injury
216
Vascular injury in the neck
216
Nerve injury in the neck
217
Oesophageal injury
217
Neck sprain
217
Chest Injuries
218
Pneumothorax
218
Haemo thorax
219
Rib and sternum fractures
219
Myocardial contusion
220
Aortic rupture
222
Diaphragm rupture
223
Oesophageal rupture
224
Penetrating chest injuries
224
Abdominal and Pelvic Trauma
226
Blunt abdominal trauma
226
Penetrating abdominal trauma
228
Pelvic injury
229
Blunt renal injuries
231
Penetrating renal injuries
232
Bladder and urethral injuries
232
Additional Orthopaedic Injuries in Multiple Trauma
233
Lower spine injuries
233
Thoracic and lumbosacral spine injury
233
Limb injury
235
Head Injury
236
Serious head injury
236
Conscious head injury
242
Burns
245
Major burns
245
Minor burns and scalds
249
Minor burns of the hand
251
Minor burns of the face
251
Bitumen burns
252
The Acute Abdomen
252
Seriously ill patients
252
The stable patient with an acute abdomen
253
Causes of acute abdominal pain
255
Acute appendicitis
255
Intestinal obstruction
257
Intussusception
258
Perforation of a viscus
258
Diverticulitis
259
Inflammatory bowel disease
259
Biliary colic
260
Acute cholecystitis
260
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
261
Ischaemic colitis
262
Mesenteric infarction
263
Ruptured spleen
263
Acute pancreatitis
264
Renal and ureteric colic
265
Pyelonephritis
266
Acute urinary retention
267
Acute epididymo-orchitis
267
Acute testicular torsion
268
Primary peritonitis
269
Retroperitoneal haemorrhage
269
Gynaecological causes
269
Medical disorders presenting with acute abdominal pain
270
Further Reading
271
Section VIII ORTHOPAEDIC EMERGENCIES
Injuries to the Shoulder and Upper Arm
274
Fractures of the clavicle
274
Acromioclavicular dislocation
274
Sternoclavicular dislocation
275
Fractures of the scapula
276
Anterior dislocation of the shoulder
276
Posterior dislocation of the shoulder
278
Fractures of the upper humerus
279
Fractures of the shaft of the humerus
280
Injuries to the Elbow and Forearm
281
Supracondylar fracture of the humerus
281
Condylar and epicondylar fractures of the humerus
282
Dislocation of the elbow
283
Pulled elbow
284
Fractures of the olecranon
284
Fractures of the radial head
285
Fractures of the radial and ulnar shafts
286
Injuries to the Wrist and Hand
286
Colles' fracture
286
Smith's fracture
290
Barton's fracture—dislocation
291
Distal radial fractures in children
291
Fractures of the scaphoid
292
Dislocations of the carpus
293
Fractures of the other carpal bones
294
Fractures of the thumb metacarpal
295
Dislocation of the thumb metacarpal
296
Rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament
296
Fractures of the other metacarpals
297
Fractures of the proximal and middle phalanges
298
Fractures of the distal phalanges
298
Dislocation of the phalanges
299
Flexor tendon injuries in the hand
300
Extensor tendon injuries in the hand
300
Digital nerve injuries
301
Fingertip injuries
301
Cervical Spine Injuries
302
Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries
302
Pelvic Injuries
302
Injuries to the Hip and Upper Femur
302
Dislocation of the hip
302
Fractures of the neck of the femur
303
Fractures of the shaft of the femur
304
Injuries to the Lower Femur, Knee and Upper Tibia
305
Supracondylar and condylar fractures of the femur
305
Fractures of the patella and injury to the quadriceps apparatus
306
Dislocation of the patella
307
Soft-tissue injuries of the knee
308
Dislocation of the knee
310
Fractures of the tibial condyles
310
Injuries to the Lower Tibia, Ankle and Foot
310
Fractures of the shaft of the tibia
310
Isolated fracture of the fibula
311
Inversion ankle injuries
312
Other ankle injuries
313
Dislocation of the ankle
314
Fractures and dislocation of the talus
314
Fractures of the calcaneus
315
Rupture of the tendo Achillis
316
Mid-tarsal dislocations
316
Metatarsal injuries and tarsometatarsal dislocations
317
Fractures of the phalanges of the foot
317
Dislocations of the phalanges of the foot
318
Further Reading
318
Section IX MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SOFT-TISSUE EMERGENCIES
Soft-Tissue Injuries
320
Tetanus prophylaxis
323
Crush injuries and compartment syndrome
326
Puncture injuries
327
Hand infections
328
Pretibial lacerations
329
In-growing toenails
329
Non-articular Rheumatism
330
Torticollis (wry neck)
330
Frozen shoulder
331
Rotator cuff tear: supraspinatus rupture
332
Supraspinatus tendinitis
332
Subacromial bursitis
333
Tennis and golfer's elbow
333
Olecranon bursitis
333
De Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis
333
Carpal tunnel syndrome
334
Housemaid's knee
334
Back Pain
335
Direct back trauma
335
Mechanical (indirect) back trauma
335
Severe or atypical, non-traumatic back pain
336
Mild to moderate, non-traumatic back pain
337
Further Reading
338
Section X PAEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES
General Assessment
340
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
343
The Breathless Child
350
Asthma
351
Anaphylaxis
352
Bronchiolitis
353
Pneumonia
354
Stridor
356
Croup (acute laryngotracheobronchitis)
356
Epiglottitis (supraglottitis)
357
Inhaled foreign body
358
Abdominal Pain, Diarrhoea and Vomiting
359
Acute abdominal pain
359
Diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration
360
The Febrile Child
365
Seizures and Febrile Convulsions
367
Seizures
367
Febrile convulsions
369
Acute Poisoning
370
The Limping Child
372
Cot Death and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
373
Child Abuse (Non-accidental Injury)
375
Further Reading
377
Section XI OBSTETRIC AND GYNAECOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
Gynaecological Assessment and Management
380
Prescribing in pregnancy
380
Gynaecological Causes of Acute Abdominal Pain
380
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
381
Pelvic inflammatory disease (acute salpingitis)
383
Ruptured ovarian cyst
384
Torsion of an ovarian tumour
385
Endometriosis
385
Bleeding in Early Pregnancy
385
Spontaneous miscarriage
385
Induced septic abortion
387
Conditions in Late Pregnancy
388
Terminology
388
Antepartum haemorrhage
388
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
389
Emergency delivery
390
Trauma in late pregnancy
391
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in late pregnancy
393
Women's Medicine Crises
394
Post-coital contraception
394
Missed oral contraceptive pill
395
Domestic violence to females
396
Female rape
397
Further Reading
398
Section XII ENT EMERGENCIES
Traumatic Conditions of the Ear
402
Subperichondrial haematoma
402
Wounds of the auricle
402
Foreign body in the external ear
403
Perforated eardrum
403
Basal skull fracture
403
Non-traumatic Conditions of the Ear
404
Otitis externa
404
Furunculosis of the external ear
405
Acute otitis media
405
Mastoiditis
406
Vertigo
406
Facial nerve palsy
407
Traumatic Conditions of the Nose
408
Fractured nose
408
Foreign body in the nose
408
Non-traumatic Conditions of the Nose
409
Epistaxis
409
Traumatic Conditions of the Throat
411
Non-traumatic Conditions of the Throat
412
Tonsillitis
412
Quinsy (peritonsillar abscess)
412
Foreign body in the pharynx
412
Swallowed foreign body
413
Stridor
414
Further Reading
414
Section XIII OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCIES
Visual Acuity
416
Topical Ophthalmic Preparations
416
Traumatic Conditions of the Eye
417
Periorbital haematoma ('black eye')
417
Subconjunctival haematoma
418
Eyelid laceration
418
Eyelid burn
418
Chemical burns to the eye
419
Conjunctival foreign body
419
Corneal foreign body
420
Corneal abrasion
421
Flash burn (arc eye)
421
Blunt trauma to the eye
421
Penetrating trauma to the eye
422
Conditions Affecting the Eyelids
423
Blepharitis
423
External stye (hordeolum)
424
Internal stye
424
Meibomian cyst (chalazion)
424
Dacryo cystitis
424
Orbital cellulitis
425
Basal cell carcinoma (rodent ulcer)
425
Ophthalmic shingles (herpes zoster ophthalmicus)
425
The Painful, Red Eye
426
Acute conjunctivitis
426
Acute episcleritis and scleritis
427
Acute keratitis
428
Acute iritis
428
Acute glaucoma
429
Sudden Loss of Vision in the Uninflamed Eye
429
Central retinal artery occlusion
430
Central retinal vein occlusion
431
Vitreous haemorrhage
431
Retinal detachment
431
Optic neuritis
432
Further Reading
432
Section XIV MAXILLOFACIAL AND DENTAL EMERGENCIES
Traumatic Conditions of the Face and Mouth
434
Lacerations
434
Tooth injuries
434
Fractured mandible
436
Dislocated mandible
436
Fracture of the zygomatic or malar complex
437
'Blow-out' fracture of the orbital floor
438
Middle-third of face fractures
439
Non-traumatic Conditions of the Mouth
440
Toothache
440
Dental abscess
440
Ludwig's angina
441
Submandibular swellings
441
Further Reading
442
Section XV PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCIES
Deliberate Self-harm
444
The Violent Patient
445
Alcohol and Drug Dependency and Abuse
447
Alcohol and drug withdrawal
447
Problem drinking
447
Opiate and intravenous drug addiction
448
Benzodiazepine, barbiturate and solvent addiction
449
Involuntary Detention
450
Further Reading
451
Section XVI ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL ISSUES
Excellent Habits of the Good Emergency Department Doctor
454
The excellent Emergency Department doctor
454
Emergency Department medical records
454
Communicating with the general practitioner
456
Risk management and incident reporting
456
Breaking bad news
458
Triage
459
Consent, Competence and Refusal of Treatment
460
Consent and competence
460
Refusal of treatment and discharge against medical advice
461
The Police, Coroner and Attending Court
462
Police request for patient information
462
Police request to interview a patient
462
Police request for an alcohol breath test or blood sample
463
Request for a police medical statement
463
The Coroner
464
Attending an inquest
464
Retrieval and Inter-hospital Transfer
465
Mass Casualty Disaster and the Major Incident
466
Further Reading
469
Glossary 471
Appendix: Critical care areas drug infusion guideline 477
Index 485


Anthony F.T. Brown MB ChB (Bristol), FRCP, FRCS(Ed), FCEM, FACEM Associate Professor, Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane. Senior Staff Specialist, Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane. (Trained in the UK and currently working in Australia. Editor-in-Chief Emergency Medicine Australasia. Senior Court of Examiners, Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM). Inaugural ACEM Teaching Excellence Award, 2001). Michael D. Cadogan MA(Oxon), MB ChB (Edin), FACEM Clinical Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth. Staff Specialist in Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth. (Trained in the UK and currently working in Australia. Expert in Medical Informatics. Winner, Gold Medal / Buchanan Prize, Australasian College for Emergency Medicine Fellowship Exam 2003).