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El. knyga: Emergent Medicine and the Law

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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 04-Feb-2021
  • Leidėjas: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030602086
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Emergent Medicine and the LawDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 04-Feb-2021
  • Leidėjas: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030602086
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This book examines the relationship between law and scientific advancement, with a particular focus on the theory of evolution and medical innovation. Historically, the law has struggled to keep pace with modern medical advances. The authors demonstrate that the laws that govern human behaviour must evolve in response to such advances. This book describes how evolution shapes us humans and allows us to understand processes from ageing to decision making, and examines recent medical developments related to reproduction, neurosciences, sexuality, illness, bodily autonomy, and death, while considering the ethical, philosophical and legal implications of those developments.
1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 Evolution
1(6)
1.1.1 Basis
2(1)
1.1.2 Implications
3(4)
2 Reproduction
7(68)
2.1 Reproductive Science
7(12)
2.1.1 Chromosomes, Genes and Deoxyribonucleic Acid
7(3)
2.1.2 Genes and Their Functions
10(2)
2.1.3 Production of Gametes
12(4)
2.1.4 Embryology
16(3)
2.2 Assisted Reproductive Technology
19(10)
2.2.1 Spermatozoa Handling
20(1)
2.2.2 Ovum Handling
21(1)
2.2.3 Fertilisation
21(1)
2.2.4 Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis
22(3)
2.2.5 Allocation of Parenthood
25(4)
2.3 Changing the Gametes or the Zygote
29(16)
2.3.1 Mitochondrial Diseases and the Three-Parent' Baby
29(11)
2.3.2 Gene Editing Methods
40(2)
2.3.3 Gene Editing of Germ-line Cells
42(3)
2.4 Cloning
45(17)
2.4.1 Cloning Technology
46(2)
2.4.2 Legislative Responses to Human Cloning
48(3)
2.4.3 Options
51(2)
2.4.4 Arguments Against Human Cloning
53(7)
2.4.5 Arguments for Human Cloning
60(1)
2.4.6 Conclusion
61(1)
2.5 Ectogenesis
62(10)
2.5.1 Use of Ectogenesis
65(1)
2.5.2 Impact of Ectogenesis: The Status of the Fetus
66(2)
2.5.3 Impact of Ectogenesis: Regulation of Termination
68(1)
2.5.4 Impact of Ectogenesis: Disputes over the Fetus
69(2)
2.5.5 Impact of Ectogenesis: Allocation of Parenthood
71(1)
2.6 Newborn Screening
72(3)
3 Brain
75(52)
3.1 Introduction
75(6)
3.2 Looking Inside the Brain
81(9)
3.2.1 Electroencephalography
81(3)
3.2.2 X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT Scan)
84(1)
3.2.3 Positron Emission Tomography
84(2)
3.2.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Scans
86(1)
3.2.5 Optogenetics
87(1)
3.2.6 Transcranial Magnetic and Electrical Stimulation
88(2)
3.3 How Does the Brain Function?
90(26)
3.3.1 Consciousness
90(7)
3.3.2 Memory and Learning
97(3)
3.3.3 Decision Making: Dual-Process Theory
100(4)
3.3.4 Other Cognitive Functions
104(2)
3.3.5 Personality and Behaviour
106(2)
3.3.6 Criminality
108(6)
3.3.7 Brain Injuries and Brain-Machine Interface
114(2)
3.4 Improving the Mind
116(1)
3.5 Other Animals
117(7)
3.5.1 Use of Tools
119(2)
3.5.2 Complex Communication
121(1)
3.5.3 Theory of Mind
122(1)
3.5.4 Other Features
123(1)
3.5.5 Summary
124(1)
3.6 Conclusion
124(3)
4 Defining Sex
127(32)
4.1 Introduction
127(1)
4.2 Distinguishing Gender and Sex
128(1)
4.3 Defining Intersex States---Terminology
129(4)
4.4 Approaches to Intersexuality
133(5)
4.4.7 Sex Determination
134(2)
4.4.2 Sex Differentiation
136(2)
4.43 Establishment of Fertility
138(2)
4.4.4 Summary
138(2)
4.4.5 Non-medical Definitions
140(1)
4.5 Statistics
140(2)
4.6 Medical Practice in Response to Inter sexual States
142(5)
4.6.2 Parents
146(1)
4.7 Legal Definition of Sex
147(3)
4.8 Gender Recognition Act 2004
150(2)
4.8.1 Other Jurisdictions and the Definition of Sex
151(1)
4.9 Criticisms of the Legal Definition
152(2)
4.9.1 Two -Boa; Approach
153(1)
4.9.2 Performance of Sex
153(1)
4.9.3 Over-emphasis on Bodily Factors
154(1)
4.10 Moving Beyond the Two-Box Approach
154(3)
4.10.1 Abolishing Sex as a Category
155(2)
4.11 Conclusion
157(2)
5 Body Ownership
159(36)
5.1 How the Law Views the Human Body
160(2)
5.2 The Law: Bodies as Property
162(3)
5.3 The Law on Integrity Rights and the Body
165(2)
5.4 Disputes over the Approaches
167(4)
5.4.1 Control over Removed Body Parts
168(1)
5.4.2 Dignity
168(1)
5.4.3 Technical Problems with Ownership of Bodies
169(2)
5.5 Interconnection of Bodies
171(3)
5.5.1 Placenta
171(1)
5.5.2 Sharing of Bloods During Birth
172(1)
5.5.3 Breastfeeding
172(1)
5.5.4 Personal Care
173(1)
5.5.5 Bodies and the Meaning of Life
174(1)
5.5.6 Genetics
174(1)
5.6 Interaction with the Environment
174(3)
5.7 Mutability of Our Bodies
177(1)
5.8 Summary
178(1)
5.9 Practical Implications of Bodily Interconnections
179(9)
5.9.7 Moore Decision and Control of Removed Bodily Products
179(3)
5.9.2 Conceptions of Genetic Privacy
182(2)
5.9.3 Human Tissue Act 2004
184(4)
5.10 Body as Property?
188(3)
5.11 An Alternative Approach
191(4)
6 Sickness
195(16)
6.1 Introduction
195(1)
6.2 Definitions of Health
196(3)
6.3 Case Study 1: Epilepsy
199(2)
6.4 Case Study 2: Schizophrenia
201(1)
6.5 Autonomy and Interdependence
202(5)
6.5.1 Independence and Autonomy as Health
202(1)
6.5.2 Interdependence and Vulnerability as Health
203(4)
6.6 Legal Significance of the Different Understandings of Health
207(3)
6.7 Conclusion on Understanding Health
210(1)
7 Death
211(24)
7.1 Hypotheses of Ageing and Death
211(3)
7.2 What Is Death?
214(3)
7.3 Legal Definition of Death
217(10)
7.3.7 Brain Stem Death
218(3)
7.3.2 End of Consciousness
221(1)
7.3.3 Ending of Cardiac Function
222(1)
7.3.4 End of Organism
223(1)
7.3.5 Death of Every Cell
224(1)
7.3.6 Desoulment
225(1)
7.3.7 Death as a Process
225(1)
7.3.8 No Definition
226(1)
7.4 Choosing Between the Definitions
227(5)
7.4.1 Safety First?
227(1)
7.4.2 Death of the Body or of the Person?
228(1)
7.4.3 Perspective of Death
228(1)
7.4.4 Is Death a Medical, Legal or Philosophical Question?
229(1)
7.4.5 Relevance of Practicality?
230(1)
7.4.6 Problem of Irreversibility
230(1)
7.4.7 Religion
230(1)
7.4.8 Role of Policy
231(1)
7.4.9 Public Opinion
232(1)
7.5 Conclusion
232(3)
8 Conclusion
235(2)
Cases and Legislations Cited 237(4)
Bibliography 241(58)
Index 299
P.-L. Chau is a medically qualified senior research scientist at the Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

Jonathan Herring is Professor of Law at the Faculty of Law, University of Oxford and DM Wolfe-Clarendon Fellow in Law, Exeter College, Oxford, UK.
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