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El. knyga: Emerging Threat of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Southern Africa: Global and Local Challenges and Solutions: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Academy of Science of South Africa

  • Formatas: 146 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Mar-2011
  • Leidėjas: National Academies Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309160254
  • Formatas: 146 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Mar-2011
  • Leidėjas: National Academies Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309160254

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Tuberculosis (TB) kills approximately 4,500 people worldwide every day. While most cases of TB can be treated with antibiotics, some strains have developed drug resistance that makes their treatment more expensive, more toxic and less effective for the patient. The IOM Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation and the Academy of Science of South Africa held a workshop to discuss ways to fight the growing threat of drug-resistant TB.Table of Contents



Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 The Incidence of Drug-Resistant TB in Southern Africa 3 Surveillance and Tracking of Drug-Resistant TB 4 Transmission and Infection Control 5 Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant TB 6 Treatment of Drug-Resistant TB 7 Drug-Resistant TB in Children 8 Convergence of Science and Policy to Create a Blueprint for Action References Appendix A: Agenda Appendix B: Report from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Workshop Appendix C: Participant Biographies
Acronyms xv
1 Introduction
1(8)
The Burden of Drug-Resistant TB
3(1)
Workshop Objectives
4(1)
The Problem and Priorities
4(2)
Organization of This Report
6(3)
2 The Incidence Of Drug-Resistant Tb in Southern Africa
9(12)
Relationship Between Reported Incidence and Diagnostic Tools
10(2)
MDR and XDR TB in South Africa
12(2)
Outbreak of MDR and XDR TB in KwaZulu-Natal Province
14(5)
TB and HIV Coinfection in Southern Africa
19(2)
3 Surveillance and Tracking Of Drug-Resistant Tb
21(10)
Genetic Analysis of Drug-Resistant Strains
22(2)
Intensified TB Case Finding
24(3)
Information Systems to Enhance Laboratory Capacity
27(4)
4 Transmission and Infection Control
31(12)
Transmissibility of TB
32(1)
Infection Control in Hospital and Other Health Care Settings
33(5)
Contact Tracing and Community-Based Infection Control Practices
38(1)
Particular Challenges for Health Care Workers
39(2)
Transmission and Infection Control Among Miners and Migrant Workers in Lesotho
41(2)
5 Diagnosis Of Drug-Resistant Tb
43(12)
Need for Rapid Diagnostics
44(3)
Progress on Point-of-Care Diagnostics
47(1)
Challenges of Laboratory Capacity
48(2)
Use of Biomarkers to Diagnose TB
50(5)
6 Treatment Of Drug-Resistant Tb
55(18)
Treatment of Drug-Resistant TB
56(12)
Community-Based Care
68(2)
Limitations of Health Care Systems and Cost Issues
70(3)
7 Drug-Resistant Tb in Children
73(8)
Epidemiology of Pediatric Drug-Resistant TB
73(4)
Prophylaxis and Diagnosis of Pediatric Drug-Resistant TB
77(1)
Drug Treatment Regimens for Pediatric Drug-Resistant TB
77(2)
Management of Pediatric Drug-Resistant TB
79(1)
Outcomes of Pediatric Drug-Resistant TB
80(1)
8 Convergence Of Science And Policy To Create a Blueprint For Action
81(8)
Epidemiology
81(1)
Infection Control
82(1)
Diagnostics
83(1)
Treatment
83(3)
Pediatric TB
86(1)
Research Needs
87(1)
The Need for Partnerships
87(2)
References
89(6)
Appendixes
A Agenda
95(8)
B Report From the National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Niaid) Workshop
103(6)
C Participant Biographies
109