About the Editors |
|
xi | |
|
|
xiii | |
Preface |
|
xvii | |
|
1 Enabling the Verticals of 5G: Network Architecture, Design and Service Optimization |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
1.3 5G Network Architecture |
|
|
4 | (3) |
|
1.4 RAN Functional Decomposition |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
1.5 Designing a 5G Network |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
1.7 5G Network Architecture Design |
|
|
13 | (7) |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
2 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks and 5G Connected Industries |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
2.2 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
2.2.1 Wired and Wireless Networks in Industrial Environment |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
2.2.2 Transformation of WSNs for Industrial Applications |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (3) |
|
2.3 Industrial Traffic Types and its Critical Nature |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
2.3.1 Safety/Emergency Traffic |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
2.3.2 Critical Control Traffic |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
2.3.3 Low-Risk Control Traffic |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
2.3 A Periodic Monitoring Traffic |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
2.3.5 Critical Nature and Time Deadlines |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
2.4 Existing Works and Standards |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
2.4.1 Wireless Technologies |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
2.4.2 Industry-Related IEEE Standards |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
2.5 Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) in IWSNS |
|
|
33 | (4) |
|
|
37 | (4) |
|
|
37 | (4) |
|
3 Haptic Networking Supporting Vertical Industries |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
|
Konstantinos Antonakoglou |
|
|
|
|
3.1 Tactile Internet Use Cases and Requirements |
|
|
41 | (4) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
3.1.2 Use Cases and Requirements |
|
|
43 | (2) |
|
3.2 Teleoperation Systems |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
3.2.1 Classification of Teleoperation Systems |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
3.2.2 Haptic Control and Data Reduction |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
3.2.2.1 Performance of Teleoperation Control Schemes |
|
|
48 | (11) |
|
3.2.2.2 Haptic Data Reduction |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
3.2.2.3 Kinesthetic Data Reduction |
|
|
59 | (3) |
|
3.2.2.4 Tactile Data Reduction |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
3.2.3 Combining Control Schemes and Data Reduction |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
64 | (11) |
|
4 5G-Enhanced Smart Grid Services |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
75 | (3) |
|
4.2 Smart Grid Services and Communication Requirements |
|
|
78 | (12) |
|
4.2.1 Smart Grid Fundamentals |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
4.2.1.1 Data Collection and Management Services |
|
|
78 | (3) |
|
4.2.1.2 Control and Operation Services |
|
|
81 | (6) |
|
4.2.2 Communication Requirements for Smart Grid Services |
|
|
87 | (3) |
|
4.3 Smart Grid Services Supported by 5G Networks |
|
|
90 | (9) |
|
4.3.1 Data Collection and Management Services |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
4.3.1.1 Data Collection Services |
|
|
91 | (4) |
|
4.3.1.2 Data Management Services |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
4.3.2 Operation Decision-Making Services |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
4.3.2.1 Demand Side Management Services |
|
|
96 | (2) |
|
4.3.2.2 Electric Vehicle Charging and Discharging Services |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
4.4 Summary and Future Research |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
|
100 | (3) |
|
5 Evolution of Vehicular Communications within the Context of 5G Systems |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
5.2 Vehicular Connectivity |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
5.2.1.1 Release 14 - First C-V2X Services |
|
|
105 | (3) |
|
5.2.1.2 Release 15 - First Taste ofSG |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
5.2.1.3 Release 16 - Fully-Fledged 5G |
|
|
108 | (2) |
|
5.2.2 Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
5.2.3 Advanced Technologies |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
5.2.3.1 Multi-Access Edge Computing |
|
|
111 | (2) |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
5.3.1 Context-Aware Middleware |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
5.3.2 Heterogeneity and Interoperability |
|
|
116 | (2) |
|
5.3.3 Higher Layer Communication Protocols |
|
|
118 | (3) |
|
5.4 Towards Connected Autonomous Driving |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
5.4.1 Phase 1 - Awareness Driving Applications |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
5.4.2 Phase 2 - Collective Perception |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
5.4.3 Phase 3/4 - Trajectory/Manoeuvre Sharing |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
5.4.4 Phase 5 - Full Autonomy |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
124 | (3) |
|
6 State-of-the-Art of Sparse Code Multiple Access for Connected Autonomous Vehicle Application |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
127 | (3) |
|
6.2 Sparse Code Multiple Access |
|
|
130 | (4) |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
|
134 | (3) |
|
6.3.2 Decoding/Detecting Techniques for SCMA |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
6.3.3 Other Research on Performance Evaluation of SCMA |
|
|
138 | (2) |
|
6.4 Conclusion and Future Work |
|
|
140 | (9) |
|
|
145 | (4) |
|
7 5G Communication Systems and Connected Healthcare |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
7.2 Use Cases and Technical Requirements |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
7.2.1 Wireless Tele Surgery |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
7.2.2 Wireless Service Robots |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
7.3 5G communication System |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
7.3.1 3GPP Technology Roadmap |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
7.3.3 5G Reference Architecture |
|
|
155 | (6) |
|
7.3.4 5G Security Aspects |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
7.3.5 5G Enabling Technologies |
|
|
161 | (1) |
|
7.3.5.1 5G design for Low-Latency Transmission |
|
|
162 | (4) |
|
7.3.5.2 5G design for Higher-Reliability Transmission |
|
|
166 | (2) |
|
7.3.6 5G Deployment Scenarios |
|
|
168 | (2) |
|
7.4 Value Chain, Business Model and Business Case Calculation |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
7.4.1 Market Uptake for Robotic Platforms |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
7.4.2 Business Model and Value Chain |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
7.4.3 Business case for Service Providers |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
7.4.3.2 Business Cases Calculation |
|
|
172 | (2) |
|
|
174 | (5) |
|
|
175 | (4) |
|
8 5G: Disruption in Media and Entertainment |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
8.1 Multi-Channel Wireless Audio Systems for Live Production |
|
|
179 | (2) |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
8.2.1 Video Compression Algorithms |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
8.2.1.1 HEVC: High Efficiency Video Coding |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
8.2.1.3 AVI: AOMedia Video 1 |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
8.2.2 Streaming Protocols |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
8.2.2.1 Apple HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
8.2.2.2 Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
8.2.3 Video Streaming Over Mobile Networks |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
185 | (6) |
|
8.3.1 Virtual Reality (VR) |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
8.3.2 Augmented Reality (AR) |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
8.3.4 Immersive Media Streaming |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
9 Towards Realistic Modelling of Drone-based Cellular Network Coverage |
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
|
|
9.1 Overview of Existing Models for Drone-Based Cellular Network Coverage |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
9.2 Key Objectives and Organization of this Chapter |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
194 | (2) |
|
9.5 UAV Coverage Model Development |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
9.5.1 Coverage Probability |
|
|
196 | (2) |
|
9.5.2 Received Signal Strength |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
9.6 Trade-Offs between Coverage Radius, Beamwidth and Height |
|
|
199 | (2) |
|
9.6.1 Coverage Radius Versus Beamwidth |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
9.6.2 Coverage Radius Versus Height |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
9.6.3 Height Versus Beamwidth |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
9.7 Impact of Altitude, Beamwidth and Radius on RSS |
|
|
201 | (2) |
|
9.8 Analysis for Different Frequencies and Environments |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
9.9 Comparison of Altitude and Beamwidth to Control Coverage |
|
|
204 | (2) |
|
9.10 Coverage Probability with Varying Tilt Angles and Asymmetric Beamwidths |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
9.11 Coverage Analysis with Multiple UAVs |
|
|
207 | (4) |
|
|
211 | (6) |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
|
211 | (2) |
|
|
213 | (4) |
|
10 Intelligent Positioning of UAVs for Future Cellular Networks |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
Joao Pedro Battistella Nadas |
|
|
|
Rafaela de Paula Parisotto |
|
|
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
10.2 Applications of UAVs in Cellular Networks |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
10.2.1 Coverage in Rural Areas |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
10.2.2 Communication for Internet of Things |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
10.2.3 Flying Fronthaul/Backhaul |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
10.2.4 Aerial Edge Caching |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
10.2.6 Emergency Communication Networks |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
10.3 Strategies for Positioning UAVs in Cellular Network |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
10.4 Reinforcement Learning |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
223 | (6) |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
10.5.4 Simulation Scenario |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
10.5.5 Proposed RL Implementation |
|
|
226 | (2) |
|
10.5.5.1 Simulation Results |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
229 | (4) |
|
|
230 | (3) |
|
11 Integrating Public Safety Networks to 5G: Applications and Standards |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
11.2 Public Safety Scenarios |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
11.2.1 In-Coverage Scenario |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
11.2.2 Out-of-Coverage Scenario |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
11.2.3 Partial-Coverage Scenario |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
11.3 Standardization Efforts |
|
|
236 | (9) |
|
11.3.1 3rd Generation Partnership Project |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (2) |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
11.3.2 Open Mobile Alliance |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
11.3.2.1 PTT over Cellular |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
11.3.2.2 Push to Communicate for Public Safety (PCPS) |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
11.3.3 Alliance for Telecommunication Industry Solutions |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
11.3.3.1 Energy and Utility Sector |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
11.3.3.2 Building Alarm Systems |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
11.3.3.3 PS Communications with Emergency Centers |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
11.3.3.4 Smart City Solutions |
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
11.3.4 APCO Global Alliance |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
11.3.5 Groupe Speciale Mobile Association (GSMA) |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
11.4 Future Challenges and Enabling Technologies |
|
|
245 | (3) |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
11.4.1.2 Interoperability |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
11.4.1.3 Resource Scarceness |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
11.4.2 Enabling Technologies |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
11.4.2.1 Software-Defined Networking |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
11.4.2.2 Cognitive Radio Networks |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
11.4.2.3 Non-orthogonal Multiple Access |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
248 | (5) |
|
|
249 | (4) |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
12.1 Enabling Rural Connectivity |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
12.2 Key Technologies for the Design of beyond 5G Networks |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
12.2.2 Terahertz Communication |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
12.2.4 Wireless Power Transfer and Energy Harvesting |
|
|
256 | (1) |
Index |
|
257 | |