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Enabling Flexibility in Process-Aware Information Systems: Challenges, Methods, Technologies 2012 ed. [Kietas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Hardback, 518 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 963 g, XVIII, 518 p., 1 Hardback
  • Išleidimo metai: 28-Aug-2012
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3642304087
  • ISBN-13: 9783642304088
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Enabling Flexibility in Process-Aware Information Systems: Challenges, Methods, Technologies 2012 ed.Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 518 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 963 g, XVIII, 518 p., 1 Hardback
  • Išleidimo metai: 28-Aug-2012
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3642304087
  • ISBN-13: 9783642304088
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9783642304088.html
Raktažodžiai:
In todays dynamic business world, the success of a company increasingly depends on its ability to react to changes in its environment in a quick and flexible way. Companies have therefore identified process agility as a competitive advantage to address business trends like increasing product and service variability or faster time to market, and to ensure business IT alignment.  Along this trend, a new generation of information systems has emergedso-called process-aware information systems (PAIS), like workflow management systems, case handling tools, and service orchestration engines.

With this book, Reichert and Weber address these flexibility needs and provide an overview of PAIS with a strong focus on methods and technologies fostering flexibility for all phases of the process lifecycle (i.e., modeling, configuration, execution and evolution). Their presentation is divided into six parts. Part I starts with an introduction of fundamental PAIS concepts and establishes the context of process flexibility in the light of practical scenarios. Part II focuses on flexibility support for pre-specified processes, the currently predominant paradigm in the field of business process management (BPM). Part III details flexibility support for loosely specified processes, which only partially specify the process model at build-time, while decisions regarding the exact specification of certain model parts are deferred to the run-time. Part IV deals with user- and data-driven processes, which aim at a tight integration of processes and data, and hence enable an increased flexibility compared to traditional PAIS. Part V introduces existing technologies and systems for the realization of a flexible PAIS. Finally, Part VI summarizes the main ideas of this book and gives an outlook on advanced flexibility issues.

The books  target groups include researchers, PhD students and Master students in the field of information systems. After readingthe book, they will better understand PAIS flexibility aspects. To support the easy use as a textbook, a series of exercises is provided at the end of each chapter and slides and further teaching material are available on the books web site www.flexible-processes.com. Professionals specializing in business process management (BPM) who want to obtain a good understanding of flexibility challenges in BPM and state-of-the-art solutions will also benefit from the presentations of open source as well as commercial process management systems and related practical scenarios.

Recenzijos

The book is written by two renowned BPM experts and a must-read for anyone interested in flexible process support within information systems. It shows that BPM is not just about making diagrams. The real challenge is to realize information systems that support processes without jeopardizing flexibility. The authors present a wide range of powerful techniques to support this. Wil van der Aalst, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands

Comprehensive coverage of flexibility in PAIS, clear explanation of concepts and their practical applications, and easily understandable examples - this book is an excellent choice for students, computer scientists, and practitioners. Stefanie Rinderle-Ma, University of Vienna, Austria

If there would be any doubt left, this book annihilates the picture of workflow systems as being rigid, unyielding types of information systems. The authors draw from their deep knowledge of the field to explain the state-of-the-art with respect to flexibility mechanisms: A rich and highly readable treatise. Hajo Reijers, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands









The book provides an excellent description of recent advancements in the area of business process flexibility.  It is well-organized, comprehensive, and comprehensible. A highly recommended text book, both for BPM researchers and advanced courses. Pnina Soffer, University of Haifa, Israel

Part I Basic Concepts and Flexibility Issues
1 Introduction
3(6)
1.1 Motivation
3(2)
1.2 Goal and Intended Audience
5(1)
1.3 Learning Objectives
6(1)
1.4 Outline and Organization of the
Chapters
6(3)
2 Process-Aware Information Systems
9(34)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Prespecified and Repetitive Processes
10(5)
2.2.1 Motivation
11(1)
2.2.2 Examples of Prespecified Processes
12(2)
2.2.3 Discussion
14(1)
2.3 Knowledge-Intensive Processes
15(5)
2.3.1 Motivation
15(1)
2.3.2 Examples of Knowledge-Intensive Processes
16(4)
2.3.3 Discussion
20(1)
2.4 Perspectives on a PAIS
20(10)
2.4.1 Function Perspective
21(1)
2.4.2 Behavior Perspective
22(3)
2.4.3 Information Perspective
25(1)
2.4.4 Organization Perspective
26(1)
2.4.5 Operation Perspective
27(2)
2.4.6 Time Perspective
29(1)
2.5 Components of a PAIS
30(10)
2.5.1 Overview
30(1)
2.5.2 Build-Time Environment
30(3)
2.5.3 Run-Time Environment
33(7)
2.6 Summary
40(3)
Exercises
41(2)
3 Flexibility Issues in Process-Aware Information Systems
43(16)
3.1 Motivation
43(1)
3.2 A Taxonomy of Flexibility Needs in Process-Aware Information Systems
44(6)
3.2.1 Variability
45(1)
3.2.2 Looseness
46(1)
3.2.3 Adaptation
46(1)
3.2.4 Evolution
47(3)
3.3 Requirements for a Flexible PAIS
50(2)
3.4 Summary
52(1)
3.5 Book Structure
53(6)
Exercises
54(5)
Part II Flexibility Support for Prespecified Processes
4 Process Modeling and Flexibility-by-Design
59(30)
4.1 Motivation
59(1)
4.2 Modeling Prespecified Processes
60(12)
4.2.1 Basic Concepts
60(3)
4.2.2 Control Flow Patterns
63(6)
4.2.3 Flexibility-by-Design Through Control Flow Patterns
69(3)
4.2.4 Granularity of Process Models and Its Relation to Flexibility
72(1)
4.3 Executing Prespecified Processes
72(4)
4.3.1 Process Instance and Execution Trace
73(2)
4.3.2 Enabled Activities and Instance Completion
75(1)
4.4 Verifying Prespecified Process Models
76(9)
4.4.1 Process Model Soundness
77(3)
4.4.2 Correctness of Data Flow
80(4)
4.4.3 Well-Structured Versus Unstructured Process Models
84(1)
4.5 Summary
85(4)
Exercises
85(4)
5 Process Configuration Support
89(38)
5.1 Motivation
89(3)
5.2 Behavior-Based Configuration Approaches
92(11)
5.2.1 Hiding and Blocking
93(3)
5.2.2 Configurable Nodes
96(7)
5.3 Structural Configuration Approaches
103(9)
5.3.1 Representing a Process Family Through a Base Process and Prespecified Changes
104(6)
5.3.2 Configuring a Process Variant Through Structural Changes
110(2)
5.4 End-User Support in Configuring Process Variants
112(8)
5.4.1 Questionnaire-Driven Process Configuration
112(7)
5.4.2 Feature-Driven Process Configuration
119(1)
5.4.3 Context-Driven Process Configuration
120(1)
5.5 Further Aspects
120(3)
5.5.1 Capturing Variability of Multiple Process Perspectives
121(1)
5.5.2 Ensuring Correctness of Configured Process Variants
121(1)
5.5.3 Merging Process Variants
122(1)
5.5.4 Adaptive Reference Process Modeling
123(1)
5.6 Summary
123(4)
Exercises
124(3)
6 Exception Handling
127(26)
6.1 Motivation
127(2)
6.2 Exception Sources and Their Detection
129(2)
6.2.1 Sources of Exceptions
129(2)
6.2.2 Detecting Exceptions
131(1)
6.3 Handling Exceptions
131(12)
6.3.1 Exception Handling Patterns
134(9)
6.4 Compensation Handling
143(3)
6.4.1 Semantic Rollback Through Compensation
143(1)
6.4.2 Compensation Spheres
144(2)
6.5 Exception Handling in Selected Approaches
146(4)
6.5.1 Compensation and Exception Handling in WS-BPEL
147(1)
6.5.2 Exception Handling in the Exlet Approach
148(2)
6.6 Summary
150(3)
Exercises
150(3)
7 Ad hoc Changes of Process Instances
153(66)
7.1 Motivation
153(3)
7.2 Changing the Behavior of a Running Process Instance
156(7)
7.2.1 Core Challenges
156(5)
7.2.2 A Basic Taxonomy for Ad hoc Changes
161(2)
7.3 Structurally Adapting Prespecified Process Models
163(13)
7.3.1 Basics
163(3)
7.3.2 Adaptation Patterns
166(1)
7.3.3 Defining Structural Changes with Adaptation Patterns
167(5)
7.3.4 Ensuring Correctness of Structural Changes
172(4)
7.4 Ensuring State Compliance with a Changed Process Model
176(13)
7.4.1 Ad hoc Changes and Process Instance States
177(2)
7.4.2 A Correctness Notion for Dynamic Instance Changes
179(2)
7.4.3 A Relaxed Correctness Notion for Coping with Loop Changes
181(4)
7.4.4 Efficient Realization of Ad hoc Changes
185(4)
7.5 Manual Definition of Ad hoc Changes
189(2)
7.6 Assisting End-Users Through the Reuse of Ad hoc Changes
191(15)
7.6.1 Reusing Knowledge About Similar Ad hoc Changes
191(2)
7.6.2 Memorizing Ad hoc Changes
193(5)
7.6.3 Retrieving and Adapting Similar Ad hoc Changes
198(7)
7.6.4 Concluding Remarks
205(1)
7.7 Automated Adaptation and Evolution of Process Instances
206(1)
7.8 Duration of Ad hoc Changes
207(2)
7.9 Change Scope
209(1)
7.10 Further Issues
209(3)
7.10.1 Controlling Access to Process Change Functions
209(1)
7.10.2 Controlling Concurrent Ad hoc Changes
210(1)
7.10.3 Ensuring Traceability of Ad hoc Changes
211(1)
7.10.4 Ensuring Business Process Compliance
212(1)
7.11 Discussion
212(2)
7.12 Summary
214(5)
Exercises
214(5)
8 Monitoring and Mining Flexible Processes
219(34)
8.1 Introduction
219(2)
8.2 Execution and Change Logs
221(2)
8.3 Mining Execution Logs
223(6)
8.3.1 Process Discovery
225(2)
8.3.2 Conformance Checking
227(2)
8.4 Mining Change Logs
229(13)
8.4.1 Anatomy of Process Changes
230(2)
8.4.2 Directly Applying Process Mining to Change Logs
232(2)
8.4.3 Understanding Change Dependencies
234(2)
8.4.4 Enhancing Multi-phase Mining with Commutativity
236(3)
8.4.5 Mining Change Processes with Regions
239(3)
8.5 Mining Process Variants in the Absence of a Change Log
242(7)
8.5.1 Closeness of a Reference Process Model and a Collection of Process Variants
243(1)
8.5.2 Scenarios for Mining Process Variants
244(1)
8.5.3 A Heuristic Approach for Process Variant Mining
245(3)
8.5.4 Other Approaches for Process Variant Mining
248(1)
8.6 Summary
249(4)
Exercises
250(3)
9 Process Evolution and Instance Migration
253(44)
9.1 Motivation
253(1)
9.2 Fundamentals of Process Model Evolution
254(12)
9.2.1 Evolving a Process Model at the Process Type Level
254(2)
9.2.2 Deferred Process Model Evolution
256(1)
9.2.3 Immediate Process Model Evolution and Instance Migration
257(4)
9.2.4 User Perspective
261(2)
9.2.5 Existing Approaches for Migrating Process Instances
263(3)
9.3 Common Support of Type and Instance Changes
266(9)
9.3.1 Migrating Biased Process Instances
266(4)
9.3.2 Overlapping Changes at the Type and Instance Level
270(4)
9.3.3 Integrated Change Support in Existing Approaches
274(1)
9.4 Coping with Noncompliant Process Instances
275(6)
9.4.1 Example Scenario
276(1)
9.4.2 Bringing Noncompliant Instances into a Compliant State
277(1)
9.4.3 Advanced Strategies for Treating Noncompliant Instances
278(3)
9.5 Evolving Other PAIS Perspectives
281(2)
9.5.1 Changes of the Organization Perspective
281(1)
9.5.2 Changes of the Information Perspective
282(1)
9.5.3 Changes of Other Perspectives
282(1)
9.6 Process Model Refactoring
283(8)
9.6.1 Identifying Refactoring Opportunities
283(3)
9.6.2 Refactoring Techniques
286(5)
9.7 Summary
291(6)
Exercises
291(6)
10 Business Process Compliance
297(26)
10.1 Motivation
297(3)
10.2 Modeling Compliance Rules
300(7)
10.3 A Priori Compliance Checking
307(1)
10.4 Compliance Monitoring
308(3)
10.5 A-posteriori Compliance Checking
311(1)
10.6 Effects of Process Changes on Compliance
312(2)
10.7 User Perspective
314(2)
10.8 Existing Approaches
316(1)
10.9 Summary
316(7)
Exercises
317(6)
Part III Flexibility Support for Loosely Specified Processes
11 Concretizing Loosely Specified Processes
323(18)
11.1 Motivation
323(1)
11.2 Taxonomy of Decision Deferral
324(4)
11.2.1 Degree of Freedom
324(2)
11.2.2 Planning Approach
326(1)
11.2.3 Scope of Decision Deferral
326(1)
11.2.4 Process Perspective
327(1)
11.2.5 Degree of Automation
327(1)
11.2.6 Decision Making and Decision Support
328(1)
11.3 Decision Deferral Patterns
328(2)
11.4 Late Selection
330(3)
11.5 Late Modeling and Composition
333(3)
11.6 Ad hoc Composition
336(1)
11.7 Iterative Refinement
337(2)
11.8 Summary
339(2)
Exercises
340(1)
12 Constraint-Based Process Models
341(36)
12.1 Motivation
341(1)
12.2 Modeling Constraint-Based Processes
342(9)
12.2.1 Constraint-Based Process Models
343(1)
12.2.2 Overview of Control Flow Constraints
344(7)
12.3 Executing Constraint-Based Processes
351(6)
12.3.1 Executing Constraint-Based Models Without Overlapping Activities
353(2)
12.3.2 Executing Constraint-Based Models with Overlapping Activities
355(2)
12.4 Verifying Constraint-Based Process Models
357(2)
12.5 Adapting and Evolving Constraint-Based Process Models
359(5)
12.6 Assistance for Modeling and Evolving Constraint-Based Processes
364(3)
12.6.1 Understandability and Maintainability Issues of Constraint-Based Process Models
364(1)
12.6.2 Test-Driven Modeling of Constraint-Based Process Models
365(2)
12.7 Assistance for Executing Constraint-Based Process Models
367(2)
12.8 Combining Constraint-Based and Prespecified Models
369(1)
12.9 Summary and Discussion
370(7)
Exercises
371(6)
Part IV User- and Data-Driven Processes
13 User- and Data-Driven Processes
377(28)
13.1 Introduction
377(2)
13.2 The Case Handling Paradigm
379(5)
13.2.1 Basic Concepts
379(2)
13.2.2 Strengths and Weaknesses
381(2)
13.2.3 Discussion
383(1)
13.3 Object-Aware Processes
384(7)
13.3.1 Object Behavior
386(1)
13.3.2 Object Interactions
387(1)
13.3.3 Data-Driven Execution
388(1)
13.3.4 Variable Activity Granularity
389(1)
13.3.5 Integrated Access to Business Processes and Objects
390(1)
13.4 Existing Approaches
391(9)
13.4.1 Case Handling
392(1)
13.4.2 Proclets
393(1)
13.4.3 Business Artifacts
394(2)
13.4.4 Data-Driven Process Coordination
396(1)
13.4.5 Product-Based Workflow Support
397(2)
13.4.6 Other Approaches
399(1)
13.4.7 Discussion
399(1)
13.5 Summary
400(5)
Exercises
401(4)
14 A Framework for Object-Aware Processes
405(36)
14.1 Introduction
405(2)
14.2 Overview of the Framework
407(2)
14.3 Data Model
409(5)
14.3.1 Object Relationships
410(1)
14.3.2 Integrating Users
411(3)
14.4 Micro Processes
414(8)
14.4.1 Micro Steps
415(1)
14.4.2 Process States
416(1)
14.4.3 Internal Micro Transitions
417(2)
14.4.4 External Micro Transitions
419(2)
14.4.5 Further Issues
421(1)
14.5 Process and Data Authorization
422(4)
14.5.1 Authorization Table
422(2)
14.5.2 Automatic Generation of Form-Based Activities
424(2)
14.6 Macro Processes
426(8)
14.6.1 Basic Elements
427(1)
14.6.2 Process Context Coordination Component
428(2)
14.6.3 Aggregation Coordination Component
430(1)
14.6.4 Transverse Coordination Component
431(1)
14.6.5 Integrating Black-Box Activities
432(1)
14.6.6 Further Aspects
433(1)
14.7 Discussion
434(3)
14.8 Summary
437(4)
Exercises
437(4)
Part V Technologies Enabling Flexibility Support in Process-Aware Information Systems
15 AristaFlow BPM Suite
441(24)
15.1 Introduction
441(1)
15.2 Handling Errors and Exceptions in AristaFlow
442(12)
15.2.1 Illustrating Application Scenario
442(2)
15.2.2 Perspectives on the Handling of Exceptions and Errors
444(10)
15.3 System Architecture
454(3)
15.4 Using the AristaFlow BPM Suite in Actual Practice
457(4)
15.4.1 Case Study 1: Disaster Management
457(2)
15.4.2 Case Study 2: Health Care Process Management
459(1)
15.4.3 Case Study 3: Software Engineering Processes
460(1)
15.4.4 Other Case Studies
461(1)
15.5 Summary
461(4)
Exercises
462(3)
16 Alaska Simulator Toolset
465(14)
16.1 Motivation
465(1)
16.2 Alaska Simulator Toolset: Meta-Model
466(5)
16.3 Deciding at the Last Responsible Moment
471(1)
16.4 Architecture of Alaska Simulator Toolset
471(2)
16.5 Case Studies: Using Alaska Simulator Toolset in Practice
473(3)
16.6 Summary
476(3)
Exercises
477(2)
17 Existing Tool Support for Flexible Processes
479(4)
17.1 Selected Tools
479(1)
17.2 Further Tools
480(3)
Part VI Summary, References, and Appendices
18 Epilogue
483(6)
18.1 Enabling Flexibility in Process-Aware Information Systems
484(1)
18.2 Open Challenges
485(4)
A Overview of BPMN Elements 489(2)
References 491(20)
Index 511
Manfred Reichert is a professor at the University of Ulm (Germany). Prior to this, he was working as associate professor at the University of Twente (UT). At UT he was also leader of strategic research orientations on ehealth and on serviceoriented architectures, and member of the Management Board of the Centre for Telematics and Information Technology (CTIT), which is the largest ICT research institute in the Netherlands (with more than 400 researchers). His major research interests are next generation process management technology, serviceoriented architectures, and advanced applications for flexible process-aware information systems. Manfred is cofounder of the industrial spin-off AristaFlow GmbH, and he has been participating in numerous research projects in the BPM area and contributed more than 200 scientific papers on related topics.

Barbara Weber is an associate professor at the Department of Computer Science at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, where she is a member of the Quality Engineering (QE) research group and head of the research cluster on business processes and workflows at QE. She has published more than 80 research papers at international conferences and articles in prestigious journals. Her research interests include integrated process life cycle support, change patterns, process flexibility, process modeling, user support in flexible, process-aware information systems, recommendations to optimize process execution, and empirical research in BPM..