Preface |
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ix | |
1 Introduction |
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1 | (18) |
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1.1 General thoughts on endoscopic surgery |
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1 | (4) |
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1 | (2) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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Valve repair frequency of valve replacements |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2 How to start an endoscopic program |
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5 | (14) |
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1.2.1 Starting conditions for endoscopic mitral valve surgery |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Patient-related arguments |
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7 | (4) |
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7 | (2) |
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Need for blood transfusion |
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9 | (1) |
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Wound-healing disturbances |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Hospital-related arguments |
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11 | (2) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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1.2.6 Starter kit for endoscopic mitral valve surgery |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (3) |
2 Anesthesiology and pain management |
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19 | (4) |
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2.1 Intubation and ventilation |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (4) |
3 Technical prerequisites |
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23 | (14) |
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3.1 Cannulas and extracorporeal circulation |
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23 | (5) |
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3.1.1 Arterial cannulas (retrograde perfusion) |
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23 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Arterial cannulas (antegrade perfusion) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (3) |
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3.1.4 Extracorporeal circulation |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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3.2.1 Soft-tissue retractor |
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28 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Arms for videoscopic camera and atrial retractor |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (4) |
4 Preparations |
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37 | (24) |
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4.1 Arterial and venous cannulation |
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37 | (6) |
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4.1.1 Femoral vessel cannulation after preparation |
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37 | (3) |
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4.1.2 Direct cannulation of the ascending aorta |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (4) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (3) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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4.4.3 The monitor picture |
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50 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Additional helpful details |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (5) |
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4.5.1 Use of cardioplegia |
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51 | (4) |
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4.5.2 Operations under fibrillation |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (5) |
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56 | (1) |
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4.6.2 The Chitwood technique |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (2) |
5 Valve repair techniques |
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61 | (38) |
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5.1 Quadrangular resection |
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61 | (7) |
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5.1.1 Pathological anatomy |
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61 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Theoretical remarks |
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62 | (1) |
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5.1.3 Practical realization |
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62 | (6) |
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62 | (1) |
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Cutting out of the prolapse |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (3) |
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5.2.1 Pathological anatomy |
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68 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Theoretical remarks |
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69 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Practical realization |
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69 | (2) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (7) |
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5.3.1 Pathological anatomy |
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71 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Theoretical remarks |
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72 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Practical realization |
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73 | (5) |
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Identifying the diseased parts |
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73 | (1) |
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Cutting out of diseased part(s) |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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5.4 Neochords - preformed loops |
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78 | (7) |
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5.4.1 Pathological anatomy |
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79 | (2) |
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5.4.2 Theoretical remarks |
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81 | (2) |
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5.4.3 Practical realization |
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83 | (2) |
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Identifying the diseased parts |
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83 | (1) |
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Measurement of the chordae length |
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83 | (2) |
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Implantation of preformed loops |
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85 | (1) |
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5.5 Neochords - flexible length |
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85 | (6) |
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5.5.1 Pathological anatomy |
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86 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Theoretical remarks |
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86 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Practical realization |
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87 | (4) |
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Identifying the diseased parts |
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87 | (1) |
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Measurement of the chorda length |
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87 | (1) |
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Implantation of flexible chords |
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87 | (4) |
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91 | (4) |
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5.6.1 Theoretical remarks |
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91 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Implantation technique |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (4) |
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5.7.1 Theoretical remarks |
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95 | (1) |
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5.7.2 Practical performing |
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96 | (3) |
6 Tips and tricks |
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99 | (14) |
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6.1 Perfusion's challenge |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (2) |
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6.4 Instruments' versatility |
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103 | (3) |
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6.5 The knot pusher's independent existence |
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106 | (3) |
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109 | (4) |
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6.6.1 Bleeding of ascending aorta |
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109 | (1) |
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6.6.2 Bleeding of the left atrial incision |
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110 | (1) |
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6.6.3 Bleeding of the left atrial appendage |
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110 | (1) |
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6.6.4 Injury of the right pulmonary main stem |
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110 | (1) |
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6.6.5 Injury of the right mammary artery |
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111 | (1) |
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6.6.6 Bleeding of the intercostal artery |
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111 | (2) |
7 Additional procedures |
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113 | (20) |
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113 | (8) |
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7.1.1 Endocardial ablation |
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113 | (2) |
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7.1.2 Epicardial ablation - pulmonary veins clamp technique |
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115 | (1) |
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7.1.3 Epicardial ablation - box lesion with Cobra Adhere XL® |
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116 | (9) |
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Technical background of Cobra Adhere XL® |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Practical use of Cobra Adhere XL® |
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119 | (2) |
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7.2 Management of the left atrial appendage |
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121 | (4) |
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7.3 Tricuspid valve repair |
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125 | (3) |
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7.3.1 Access to the tricuspid valve |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (3) |
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7.4.1 Technical considerations |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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7.5 Excision of left atrial tumors |
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131 | (2) |
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7.5.1 Theoretical remarks |
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131 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Practical performing |
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132 | (1) |
Index |
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133 | |