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El. knyga: Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and Governance

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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 28-Feb-2011
  • Leidėjas: Springer London Ltd
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780857292681
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Energy Economics: Concepts, Issues, Markets and GovernanceDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 28-Feb-2011
  • Leidėjas: Springer London Ltd
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780857292681
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Since its modest beginning in the 1970s, the academic and research focus on energy has grown substantially and energy has established itself as an independent, interdisciplinary subject area. It attracts attention from people in a range of different fields including engineers, scientists, geologists, environmentalists, bankers, investors, policy makers and politicians. Energy Economics introduces the basic concepts of energy economics and explains how simple economic tools can be used to analyse contemporary energy issues.Energy Economics is organised into six parts that give the reader a thorough grounding in various key aspects of the subject:basic demand-related concepts and ideas used in energy economics; supply-side economics;energy markets, with specific emphasis on oil, gas and coal;the application of simple economic principles in analysing contemporary energy issues;environmental aspects of energy use; andregulatory and governance issues. Energy Economics is an easily accessible reference book for students of energy economics at the postgraduate level, as well as for a wider interdisciplinary audience. It provides readers with the skills required to understand and analyse complex energy issues from an economic perspective.

This book introduces the basic concepts of energy economics and explains how simple economic tools can be used to analyze contemporary energy issues. It gives the reader a thorough grounding in various key aspects of the subject.

Recenzijos

Aus den Rezensionen:

Der Autor ... präsentiert hier 5eine detaillierte Darstellung ökonomischer Sachverhalte in der Energiewirtschaft, die sowohl für studentische Einsteiger, als auch für postgraduierte und interdisziplinär arbeitende Wissenschaftler zu empfehlen ist. ... Insgesamt macht das Werk sowohl grundlegende ökonomische Zusammenhänge anschaulich klar und erläutert darüber hinaus auch Wechselwirkungen zwischen Marktakteuren und der Politik. (Steven Salecki, in: Ökologisches Wirtschaften, 2012, Issue: 1, S. 53 f.)

1 Introduction to Energy Economics
1(8)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Energy and Multidimensional Interactions
2(3)
References
5(4)
Part I Energy Demand Analysis and Forecasting
2 Energy Data and Energy Balance
9(32)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Energy Basics
9(2)
2.2.1 Energy Defined
9(1)
2.2.2 Alternative Classifications of Energy
10(1)
2.3 Introduction to the Energy System
11(3)
2.4 Energy Information
14(1)
2.5 Energy Accounting Framework
15(9)
2.5.1 Components of the Energy Account
16(2)
2.5.2 Commodity Accounts and Overall Energy Balance
18(1)
2.5.3 Units, Conversion Factors and Aggregation of Energy Flows
19(5)
2.6 Accounting of Traditional Energies
24(3)
2.6.1 Features of TEs
25(1)
2.6.2 Data Availability, Data Collection and Reporting
26(1)
2.7 Special Treatments of Some Entries in the Energy Balance
27(2)
2.7.1 Treatment of Primary Electricity Production
27(1)
2.7.2 Treatment of Electricity in Final Consumption
28(1)
2.7.3 Self Generation
28(1)
2.8 Analysis of Energy Balance Information
29(2)
2.9 Alternative Presentation of Energy Accounting Information
31(4)
2.9.1 Energy Flow Diagrams
31(1)
2.9.2 Reference Energy Systems (RES)
32(2)
2.9.3 Common Energy Data Issues
34(1)
2.10 Conclusion
35(3)
References
38(3)
3 Understanding and Analysing Energy Demand
41(36)
3.1 Introduction
41(1)
3.2 Evolution of Demand Analysis
42(2)
3.3 Overview of Energy Demand Decisions
44(2)
3.4 Economic Foundations of Energy Demand
46(5)
3.4.1 Consumer Demand for Energy: Utility Maximization Problem
47(3)
3.4.2 Cost Minimization Problem of the Producer
50(1)
3.5 Alternative Approaches for Energy Demand Analysis
51(6)
3.5.1 Descriptive Analysis
51(6)
3.6 Factor (or Decomposition) Analysis
57(7)
3.6.1 Analysis of Change in Total Energy Demand
58(3)
3.6.2 Analysis of Changes in Energy Intensity
61(3)
3.7 Analysis Using Physical Indicators
64(1)
3.8 Energy Demand Analysis Using the Econometric Approach
65(6)
3.9 Conclusion
71(3)
References
74(3)
4 Energy Demand Analysis at a Disaggregated Level
77(30)
4.1 Introduction
77(1)
4.2 Disaggregation of Demand
77(2)
4.3 Sectoral Energy Accounting
79(2)
4.4 Analysis at the Sectoral Level
81(24)
4.4.1 Industrial Energy Demand Analysis
81(12)
4.4.2 Energy Demand Analysis in the Transport Sector
93(8)
4.4.3 Energy of Energy Demand in the Residential and Commercial Sectors
101(4)
4.5 Conclusion
105(1)
References
105(2)
5 Energy Demand Forecasting
107(28)
5.1 Introduction
107(15)
5.1.1 Simple Approaches
107(5)
5.1.2 Advanced or Sophisticated Techniques
112(1)
5.1.3 Econometric Approach to Energy Demand Forecasting
113(2)
5.1.4 End-Use Method of Forecasting
115(1)
5.1.5 Input-Output Model
116(3)
5.1.6 Scenario Approach
119(1)
5.1.7 Artificial Neural Networks
120(1)
5.1.8 Hybrid Approach
121(1)
5.2 Review of Some Common Energy Demand Analysis Models
122(6)
5.2.1 MAED Model
123(1)
5.2.2 LEAP Model
124(1)
5.2.3 Demand Module in NEMS (National Energy Modeling System)
125(2)
5.2.4 Demand Modelling in WEM (World Energy Model)
127(1)
5.3 Conclusion
128(4)
References
132(3)
6 Energy Demand Management
135(28)
6.1 Introduction
135(1)
6.2 Energy Demand Management
136(3)
6.2.1 Definition
136(1)
6.2.2 Evolution of DSM
137(1)
6.2.3 Justification for DSM
138(1)
6.3 Load Management
139(3)
6.3.1 Direct Load Control Method
140(1)
6.3.2 Indirect Load Control
141(1)
6.4 Energy Efficiency Improvements and Energy Conservation
142(6)
6.4.1 What is Energy Efficiency?
142(2)
6.4.2 Opportunities for Energy Saving
144(2)
6.4.3 Economics of Energy Efficiency Improvements
146(2)
6.5 Analysing Cost Effectiveness of DSM Options
148(3)
6.5.1 Participant Test
149(1)
6.5.2 Ratepayer Impact Measure (RIM)
149(1)
6.5.3 Total Resource Cost Test
150(1)
6.5.4 Programme Administrator Cost or Utility Cost Test
150(1)
6.6 Energy Efficiency Debate
151(8)
6.6.1 Market Barriers and Intervention Debate
151(1)
6.6.2 What are the Market Barriers to Energy Efficiency?
152(3)
6.6.3 Government Intervention and Its Nature
155(1)
6.6.4 Energy Efficiency Versus Economic Efficiency Debate
156(2)
6.6.5 Rebound Effect
158(1)
6.6.6 Use of Market-Based Incentives for Energy Efficiency
159(1)
6.7 Conclusion
159(1)
References
159(4)
Part II Economics of Energy Supply
7 Economic Analysis of Energy Investments
163(28)
7.1 Introduction
163(2)
7.1.1 Main Characteristics of Energy Projects
163(2)
7.2 Basics of the Economic Analysis of Projects
165(9)
7.2.1 Identification of Costs
166(2)
7.2.2 Identification of Benefits
168(1)
7.2.3 Valuation of Costs and Benefits
168(6)
7.3 Economic Versus Financial Investment Analysis
174(1)
7.4 Indicators of Cost-Benefit Comparison
175(4)
7.4.1 Methods Without Time Value
175(1)
7.4.2 Methods Employing Time Value
176(3)
7.5 Uncertainty and Risk in Projects
179(3)
7.6 Conclusion
182(1)
7.7 Example of a Project Evaluation Exercise
182(7)
7.7.1 Problem Statement
182(1)
7.7.2 Answer
183(6)
References
189(2)
8 Economics of Fossil Fuel Supply
191(28)
8.1 Introduction
191(9)
8.1.1 Exploration
191(2)
8.1.2 Exploration Programme
193(2)
8.1.3 The Economics of Exploration Activities
195(1)
8.1.4 Investment Decision
196(1)
8.1.5 Risks in Exploration Projects
197(3)
8.2 Field Development
200(5)
8.2.1 Investment Decision
200(2)
8.2.2 Resource Classification
202(2)
8.2.3 Classification of Crude Oil, Natural Gas and Coal
204(1)
8.3 Production
205(5)
8.3.1 Oil Production
205(2)
8.3.2 Production Decline and Initial Production Rate
207(1)
8.3.3 Gas Production
208(1)
8.3.4 Coal Production
209(1)
8.4 Economics of Fossil Fuel Production
210(2)
8.4.1 Field Level Economics
210(1)
8.4.2 Industry Level Economics
210(2)
8.5 Resource Rent
212(3)
8.6 Supply Forecasting
215(2)
8.6.1 Relation Between Discoveries and Production
215(1)
8.6.2 Supply Forecasting Methods
216(1)
8.7 Conclusion
217(1)
References
218(1)
9 Economics of Non-Renewable Resource Supply
219(8)
9.1 Introduction
219(1)
9.2 Depletion Dimension: Now or Later
219(2)
9.3 A Simple Model of Extraction of Exhaustible Resources
221(4)
9.3.1 Effect of Monopoly on Depletion
222(2)
9.3.2 Effect of Discount Rate on Depletion Path
224(1)
9.4 Conclusion
225(1)
References
225(2)
10 Economics of Electricity Supply
227(22)
10.1 Introduction
227(1)
10.2 Basic Concepts Related to Electricity Systems
228(3)
10.3 Alternative Electricity Generation Options
231(2)
10.3.1 Generation Capacity Reserve
233(1)
10.4 Economic Dispatch
233(2)
10.4.1 Merit Order Dispatch
234(1)
10.4.2 Incremental Cost Method
234(1)
10.5 Unit Commitment
235(2)
10.6 Investment Decisions in the Power Sector
237(5)
10.6.1 Levelised Bus---Bar Cost
237(2)
10.6.2 Screening Curve Method
239(3)
10.7 Sophisticated Approaches to Electricity Resource Planning
242(1)
10.8 Conclusion
243(3)
References
246(3)
11 The Economics of Renewable Energy Supply
249(28)
11.1 Introduction: Renewable and Alternative Energy Background
249(3)
11.1.1 Role at Present
249(3)
11.2 Renewable Energies for Electricity Generation
252(2)
11.3 Bio-Fuels
254(3)
11.4 Drivers of Renewable Energy
257(1)
11.5 The Economics of Renewable Energy Supply
258(10)
11.5.1 The Economics of Renewable Electricity Supply
258(10)
11.6 The Economics of Bio-fuels
268(3)
11.6.1 Bio-Ethanol Cost Features
268(1)
11.6.2 Bio-Diesel Costs
269(1)
11.6.3 Support Mechanisms
270(1)
11.7 Conclusion
271(1)
References
271(6)
Part III Energy Markets
12 Energy Markets and Principles of Energy Pricing
277(22)
12.1 Introduction: Basic Competitive Market Model
277(3)
12.2 Extension of the Basic Model
280(5)
12.2.1 Indivisibility of Capital
281(2)
12.2.2 Depletion of Exhaustible Resources
283(1)
12.2.3 Asset Specificity and Capital Intensiveness
283(2)
12.3 Market Failures
285(9)
12.3.1 Monopoly Problems
285(2)
12.3.2 Natural Monopoly
287(6)
12.3.3 Existence of Rent
293(1)
12.3.4 Externality and Public Goods
293(1)
12.4 Government Intervention and Role of Government in the Sector
294(2)
12.5 Conclusion
296(1)
References
297(2)
13 Energy Pricing and Taxation
299(26)
13.1 Introduction
299(2)
13.1.1 Basic Pricing Model
299(2)
13.2 Tradability of Energy Products and Opportunity Cost
301(3)
13.3 Peak and Off-Peak Pricing
304(6)
13.3.1 Peak Load Pricing Principle
305(3)
13.3.2 Short-Run Versus Long-Run Debate
308(2)
13.4 Energy Taxes and Subsidies
310(11)
13.4.1 Principles of Optimal Indirect Taxation
311(3)
13.4.2 Equity Considerations
314(1)
13.4.3 Issues Related to Numerical Determination of an Optimal Tax
315(2)
13.4.4 Energy Taxes in Nordic Countries: An Example
317(1)
13.4.5 Who Bears the Tax Burden?
318(1)
13.4.6 Subsidies
319(2)
13.5 Implications of Traditional Energies and Informal Sectors in Developing Economies for Energy Pricing
321(1)
13.6 Conclusion
322(1)
References
322(3)
14 International Oil Market
325(28)
14.1 Introduction
325(1)
14.2 Developments in the Oil Industry
325(15)
14.2.1 Pre-OPEC Era
325(7)
14.2.2 OPEC Era
332(7)
14.2.3 Commoditisation of Oil
339(1)
14.3 Analysis of Changes in the Oil Market
340(11)
14.3.1 Evolution of Oil Reserves, Oil Production and Oil Consumption
340(3)
14.3.2 Constrained Majors
343(1)
14.3.3 Analysis of the OPEC Behaviour
344(5)
14.3.4 A Simple Analytical Framework of Oil Pricing
349(2)
14.4 Conclusion
351(1)
References
351(2)
15 Markets for Natural Gas
353(30)
15.1 Introduction
353(1)
15.2 Specific Features of Natural Gas
354(3)
15.2.1 Advantage Natural Gas
354(1)
15.2.2 Gas Supply Chain
354(2)
15.2.3 Specific Features
356(1)
15.3 Status of the Natural Gas Market
357(9)
15.3.1 Reserves
357(1)
15.3.2 Production
358(2)
15.3.3 Consumption
360(2)
15.3.4 Gas Trade
362(4)
15.4 Economics of Gas Transportation
366(6)
15.4.1 Economics of Pipeline Transport of Gas
366(3)
15.4.2 Economics of LNG Supply
369(2)
15.4.3 LNG Versus Pipeline Gas Transport
371(1)
15.5 Gas Pricing
372(4)
15.5.1 Rules of Thumb
372(2)
15.5.2 Parity and Net-Back Pricing
374(2)
15.5.3 Spot Prices of Natural Gas
376(1)
15.6 Natural Gas in the Context of Developing Countries
376(4)
15.7 Conclusion
380(1)
References
380(3)
16 Developments in the Coal Market
383(10)
16.1 Introduction
383(1)
16.2 Coal Facts
383(5)
16.3 Changes in the Coal Industry
388(1)
16.4 Technological Advances and the Future of Coal
389(1)
16.5 Conclusion
390(1)
References
391(2)
17 Integrated Analysis of Energy Systems
393(26)
17.1 Introduction
393(1)
17.2 Evolution of Energy Systems Models
393(4)
17.2.1 Historical Account
394(3)
17.3 A Brief Review of Alternative Modelling Approaches
397(9)
17.3.1 Bottom-up, Optimisation-Based Models
397(5)
17.3.2 Bottom-up, Accounting Models
402(1)
17.3.3 Top-down, Econometric Models
403(1)
17.3.4 Hybrid Models
404(1)
17.3.5 Some Observations on Energy System Modelling
405(1)
17.4 Energy Economy Interactions
406(8)
17.4.1 Modelling Approaches
408(6)
17.5 Conclusion
414(1)
References
414(5)
Part IV Issues Facing the Energy Sector
18 Overview of Global Energy Challenges
419(22)
18.1 Introduction
419(1)
18.2 Grand Energy Transitions
420(4)
18.3 Issues Facing Resource-Rich Countries
424(4)
18.3.1 Co-Ordination of Global Influences
424(3)
18.3.2 Resource Management Issues
427(1)
18.4 Issues Facing Resource-Poor Countries
428(6)
18.4.1 Managing Global Influence
429(2)
18.4.2 Issues Related to Supply Provision
431(3)
18.5 Other Sector Management Issues
434(3)
18.5.1 Management of Environmental Issues of Energy use
434(1)
18.5.2 Renewable Energies and the Management Challenge
435(1)
18.5.3 Reform and Restructuring
436(1)
18.6 Conclusion
437(1)
References
438(3)
19 Impact of High Energy Prices
441(22)
19.1 Introduction
441(1)
19.2 Recent Developments in Energy Prices
441(2)
19.3 Impacts of Energy Price Shocks: Case of Importing Countries
443(2)
19.3.1 Consumer Reaction to Oil Price Increases
443(2)
19.4 Energy Price Shocks and Vulnerability of Importers
445(6)
19.5 Impact of Higher Oil Prices: Case of Oil Exporting Countries
451(10)
19.5.1 Windfall Gains
451(4)
19.5.2 Effect of Windfall Gains
455(6)
19.6 Conclusions
461(1)
References
461(2)
20 Energy Security Issues
463(22)
20.1 Introduction
463(1)
20.2 Energy Security: The Concept
463(6)
20.2.1 Simple Indicators of Energy Security
464(3)
20.2.2 Diversity of Electricity Generation in Selected European Countries
467(2)
20.3 Economics of Energy Security
469(3)
20.3.1 External Costs of Oil Imports
470(2)
20.4 Optimal Level of Energy Independence
472(1)
20.5 Policy Options Relating to Import Dependence
473(4)
20.5.1 Restraints on Imports
473(2)
20.5.2 Import Diversification
475(1)
20.5.3 Diversification of Fuel Mix
476(1)
20.5.4 Energy Efficiency Improvements
476(1)
20.6 Costs of Energy Supply Disruption
477(3)
20.6.1 Strategic Oil Reserves for Mitigating Supply Disruption
478(2)
20.6.2 International Policy Co-ordination
480(1)
20.7 Trade-Off between Energy Security and Climate Change Protection
480(3)
20.8 Conclusions
483(1)
References
483(2)
21 Investment Issues in the Energy Sector
485(18)
21.1 Problem Dimension
485(7)
21.1.1 Global Investment Needs
485(2)
21.1.2 Regional Distribution of Energy Investment Needs
487(1)
21.1.3 Uncertainty About the Estimates
488(4)
21.2 Issues Related to Investments in the Energy Sector
492(6)
21.2.1 Resource Availability and Mobilisation
492(3)
21.2.2 Foreign Direct Investments
495(1)
21.2.3 Risks in Energy Investments
496(1)
21.2.4 Energy Pricing-Investment Link
497(1)
21.3 Developing Country Perspectives on Investment
498(2)
21.4 Reform and Investment
500(1)
21.5 Global Economic Crisis and the Energy Sector Investments
500(1)
21.6 Conclusions
501(1)
References
501(2)
22 Energy Access
503(24)
22.1 Problem Dimension
503(4)
22.1.1 Current Situation
503(3)
22.1.2 Future Outlook
506(1)
22.2 Indicators of Energy Poverty
507(2)
22.3 Energy Ladder and Energy Use
509(2)
22.4 Diagnostic Analysis of Energy Demand by the Poor
511(3)
22.5 Evaluation of Existing Mechanisms for Enhancing Access
514(2)
22.6 Effectiveness of Electrification Programmes for Providing Access
516(1)
22.7 Renewable Energies and the Poor
517(3)
22.8 Alternative Solutions
520(2)
22.9 Conclusion
522(1)
References
522(5)
Part V Economics of Energy---Environment Interactions
23 The Economics of Environment Protection
527(36)
23.1 Introduction
527(1)
23.2 Energy---Environment Interactions
527(8)
23.2.1 Energy---Environment Interaction at the Household Level
531(1)
23.2.2 Community Level Impacts
532(1)
23.2.3 Impacts at the Regional Level
533(1)
23.2.4 Global Level Problems: Climate Change
534(1)
23.3 Environmental Kuznets Curve
535(2)
23.4 Economics of the Environment Protection
537(4)
23.4.1 Externalities
537(1)
23.4.2 Spectrum of Goods
538(2)
23.4.3 Private Versus Social Costs
540(1)
23.5 Options to Address Energy-Related Environmental Problems
541(14)
23.5.1 Regulatory Approach to Environment Management
542(3)
23.5.2 Economic Instruments for Pollution Control
545(8)
23.5.3 Assessment and Selection of Instruments
553(2)
23.6 Effects of Market Imperfection
555(2)
23.7 Valuation of Externalities
557(2)
23.8 Government Failure
559(1)
23.9 Conclusion
560(1)
References
560(3)
24 Pollution Control from Stationary Sources
563(16)
24.1 Introduction
563(1)
24.2 Direct Pollution Control Strategies
563(7)
24.2.1 Pollution Standards
565(1)
24.2.2 Emission Taxes and Charges
566(1)
24.2.3 Emissions Trading
566(4)
24.3 Indirect Policies
570(4)
24.3.1 Pollution Control Technologies
570(2)
24.3.2 Options Related to Fuels and Conversion Processes
572(2)
24.4 Indoor Air Pollution
574(2)
24.5 Conclusion
576(1)
References
576(3)
25 Pollution Control from Mobile Sources
579(18)
25.1 Introduction
579(1)
25.2 Special Characteristics of Mobile Pollution
580(1)
25.3 Social Costs of Transport Use
581(6)
25.3.1 Infrastructure Usage Related Costs
582(2)
25.3.2 Environmental Pollution Costs
584(1)
25.3.3 Infrastructure-Related Costs
585(1)
25.3.4 Internalisation of Externalities
586(1)
25.4 Mitigation Options
587(7)
25.4.1 Vehicle Emission Standards and Technologies
588(1)
25.4.2 Cleaner Fuels
589(4)
25.4.3 Traffic Management and Planning
593(1)
25.5 Conclusion
594(1)
References
594(3)
26 The Economics of Climate Change
597(26)
26.1 Climate Change Background
597(6)
26.1.1 The Solar Energy Balance
597(1)
26.1.2 GHGs and Their Global Warming Potential
598(5)
26.2 The Economics of Climate Change
603(5)
26.2.1 Problem Dimension
603(1)
26.2.2 Overview of GHG Emissions
604(4)
26.3 Economic Approach to Control the Greenhouse Effect
608(2)
26.3.1 Integrated Assessment
609(1)
26.4 Alternative Options to Cope with Global Warming
610(8)
26.4.1 Generic Options
610(1)
26.4.2 National Policy Options
611(4)
26.4.3 Emissions Trading System (ETS) of the EU
615(2)
26.4.4 International Policy Options
617(1)
26.5 Climate Change Agreements
618(2)
26.5.1 UNFCCC
618(1)
26.5.2 The Kyoto Protocol
619(1)
26.6 Conclusion
620(1)
References
621(2)
27 The Clean Development Mechanism
623(26)
27.1 Basics of the Clean Development Mechanism
623(13)
27.1.1 CDM Criteria
624(1)
27.1.2 Participation Requirement
624(1)
27.1.3 Eligible Projects
625(1)
27.1.4 CDM Entities/Institutional Arrangement
626(3)
27.1.5 CDM Project Cycle
629(4)
27.1.6 Additionality and Baseline
633(2)
27.1.7 Crediting Period
635(1)
27.2 Economics of CDM Projects
636(8)
27.2.1 Role of CDM in KP Target of GHG Reduction
636(1)
27.2.2 Difference Between a CDM Project and an Investment Project
637(1)
27.2.3 CDM Transaction Costs
637(3)
27.2.4 CER Supply and Demand
640(3)
27.2.5 Risks in a CDM Project
643(1)
27.3 Conclusions
644(1)
References
644(5)
Part VI Regulation and Governance of the Energy Sector
28 Regulation of Energy Industries
649(34)
28.1 Introduction
649(1)
28.2 Traditional Regulation
650(10)
28.2.1 Rate Level Regulation
650(8)
28.2.2 Rate Structure Regulation
658(2)
28.3 Problems with Traditional Regulatory Approach
660(5)
28.3.1 Regulatory Alternatives
662(3)
28.4 Price-Cap Regulation
665(8)
28.4.1 Choice of Inflation Factor
667(1)
28.4.2 X Factor
668(1)
28.4.3 Z Factor
669(1)
28.4.4 Choice of Form
670(1)
28.4.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Price Cap Regulation
670(1)
28.4.6 Comparison of Price Cap and RoR Regulation
671(1)
28.4.7 Experience with Price Cap Regulation
672(1)
28.5 Revenue Caps
673(1)
28.6 Yardstick Competition
674(2)
28.7 Performance Based Regulation
676(4)
28.7.1 Base Revenue Requirement
678(1)
28.7.2 Sharing Mechanism
678(1)
28.7.3 Quality Control
679(1)
28.8 Conclusion
680(1)
References
680(3)
29 Reform of the Energy Industry
683
29.1 Introduction
683(1)
29.2 Government Intervention in Energy Industries
683(3)
29.3 Rationale for Deregulation
686(3)
29.4 Reform Process
689(5)
29.4.1 Changing the Rules Requires Stability of Rule Makers
689(1)
29.4.2 Danger of Derailment at Every Stage of the Reform Process
690(2)
29.4.3 Importance of Overall Acceptance of Changed Rules
692(1)
29.4.4 Adaptation to the New Environment
693(1)
29.4.5 Transition Management
694(1)
29.5 Options for Introducing Competition
694(4)
29.5.1 Competition for the Market
695(1)
29.5.2 Competition in the Market
696(2)
29.6 Restructuring Options
698(17)
29.6.1 Vertically Integrated Monopoly Model (VIM)
699(2)
29.6.2 Entry of Independent Power Producers (IPP)
701(2)
29.6.3 Single Buyer Model
703(2)
29.6.4 Transitional Models
705(2)
29.6.5 Wholesale Competition: Price-Based Power Pool Model
707(2)
29.6.6 Wholesale Competition: Net Pool
709(2)
29.6.7 Wholesale Competition: Cost-based Pool
711(1)
29.6.8 Wholesale Competition through Open Access
712(1)
29.6.9 Full Customer Choice: Retail Competition Model
713(2)
29.7 Reform Sustainability: A Framework for Analysis
715(3)
29.8 Experience with Energy Sector Reform
718(2)
29.9 Conclusions
720(1)
References
720
Dr. Subhes Bhattacharyya is a senior lecturer in Energy/Petroleum Economics at the Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law and Policy (CEPMLP), University of Dundee, UK. He has been the Programme Director for the MSc in Energy Studies since October 2006. He also directs the MSc programme in Climate Change Economics and Policy.

Dr. Bhattacharyya is the founder co-editor of the International Journal of Energy Sector Management. He specialises in energy economics, energy planning and policy issues, regulation and restructuring of energy industries and energy environment interactions.

He has 25 years of experience in the energy sector in various capacities: graduate-level teaching in energy, research and industry experience. Dr. Bhattacharyya mainly focuses on applied, interdisciplinary energy research on developing economies, with a special emphasis on India and Thailand. He has published widely in peer-reviewed energy-related journals.
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