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viii | |
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x | |
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xi | |
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List of Texts and Audio Samples |
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xii | |
Preface to the Second Edition |
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xv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
A Note on Using This Book |
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xix | |
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1 | (14) |
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1.1 English, Both Globalizing and Nativizing |
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2 | (3) |
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1.2 English, Both Global and Local: A First Example |
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5 | (4) |
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1.3 Preview of the Following Chapters |
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9 | (6) |
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15 | (31) |
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16 | (3) |
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2.2 Levels of Language (Variation) |
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19 | (7) |
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2.3 Language Change and Language Contact |
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26 | (4) |
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2.4 Categorizing World Englishes |
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30 | (8) |
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38 | (8) |
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46 | (22) |
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3.1 European Colonization: A Few Introductory Observations |
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46 | (3) |
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3.2 Colonization Types: Motives and Consequences for Communicative Patterns |
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49 | (3) |
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3.3 A Short Survey of British Colonization: From the Empire to the Commonwealth of Nations |
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52 | (3) |
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3.4 America Jumps In: The Growth and Impact of a Superpower |
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55 | (2) |
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3.5 Internationalization and Localization: Post-independence Developments |
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57 | (3) |
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3.6 Variety Types on Historical Grounds |
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60 | (1) |
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3.7 The Spread of Global English: Some Numbers |
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61 | (2) |
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3.8 Global Spread, Regional Contexts, Local Issues |
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63 | (5) |
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4 Language Crossing an Ocean: Old World and New World |
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68 | (50) |
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4.1 Roots and Early Expansion: The British Isles |
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69 | (13) |
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4.2 Building a New World? North America |
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82 | (17) |
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4.3 Plantation Wealth and Misery: The Caribbean |
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99 | (19) |
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5 Settlers and Locals: Southern Hemisphere Englishes, Transported and Newly Born |
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118 | (24) |
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5.1 Pride in Being "Down Under": Australia and New Zealand |
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119 | (11) |
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5.2 Nation Building with Language(s): South Africa |
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130 | (12) |
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6 Missionaries, Merchants, and More: English Is Useful, English Is Ours |
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142 | (57) |
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6.1 English for Administration, English for the Marketplace: Sub-Saharan Africa |
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143 | (14) |
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6.2 More Than Just Colonial Traces: South and South-East Asia |
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157 | (16) |
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6.3 Thousand Islands: The Pacific |
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173 | (11) |
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6.4 Future Aspirations: East Asia |
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184 | (15) |
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7 Language Development: A General Perspective |
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199 | (22) |
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7.1 The Mechanisms of Producing New Varieties of English |
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199 | (8) |
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207 | (14) |
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221 | (26) |
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8.1 Getting Ahead with English: The Tension between Elitism and Grassroots Spread |
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222 | (3) |
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8.2 "Killer Language" or Denial of Access? |
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225 | (3) |
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8.3 It's All About Communicating: "International English" and Intelligibility |
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228 | (2) |
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8.4 English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (3) |
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235 | (2) |
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8.7 Whose Language? "Native," "First," "Dominant," or What? |
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237 | (2) |
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8.8 Language Mixing and Cultural Hybridity |
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239 | (2) |
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8.9 Pedagogical Strategies and Considerations |
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241 | (6) |
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247 | (3) |
Appendix 1 Phonetic Characters (IP A Symbols) Employed |
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250 | (3) |
Appendix 2 A List of Guiding Questions on English in Any Specific Region |
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253 | (3) |
Appendix 3 How to Research World Englishes: Sources and Methodology |
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256 | (4) |
Glossary |
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260 | (9) |
References |
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269 | (10) |
Index |
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279 | |