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El. knyga: English: An Essential Grammar: An Essential Grammar 3rd edition [Taylor & Francis e-book]

(The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China)
  • Formatas: 244 pages, 17 Tables, black and white; 52 Line drawings, black and white
  • Serija: Routledge Essential Grammars
  • Išleidimo metai: 29-Jan-2019
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9781351122771
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  • Taylor & Francis e-book
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English: An Essential Grammar: An Essential Grammar 3rd editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 244 pages, 17 Tables, black and white; 52 Line drawings, black and white
  • Serija: Routledge Essential Grammars
  • Išleidimo metai: 29-Jan-2019
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9781351122771
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Taylor & Francis e-booksMore info about Taylor & Francis e-books
English: An Essential Grammar is written specifically for native speakers, beginning with the basics and going on to deal with phrase, clause and sentence structure, word formation and spelling. This fully revised third edition features new material on:











the structure of phrases and clauses





light verbs





nominal adjectives





the Operator





preposition to and infinitival to





the four thats





determiners, prepositions, and common errors

With new exercises and answers for all new sections, this Essential Grammar continues to be the ideal reference for anyone who would like to improve their knowledge of English grammar.
List of abbreviations
x
Introduction xii
What is grammar? xii
Grammar `rules' and grammatical structures xii
Standard English xiv
English as a world language xv
British English and American English xvi
How this book is organized xviii
A note on sources xviii
Chapter 1 Introducing sentence structure
1(27)
1.1 The constituents of a sentence
1(1)
1.2 The Grammatical Hierarchy
2(2)
1.3 Form and function in grammatical description
4(1)
1.4 Subject and verb
5(1)
1.5 Identifying the Subject
6(3)
1.5.1 The Inversion Test
6(1)
1.5.2 The Tag Question Test
7(1)
1.5.3 Subject-verb agreement
8(1)
1.6 Verb types and sentence patterns
9(8)
1.6.1 Intransitive verbs
9(1)
1.6.2 Linking verbs and Subject Complements
10(1)
1.6.3 Monotransitive verbs and Direct Objects
10(1)
1.6.4 Ditransitive verbs and Indirect Objects
11(2)
1.6.5 Complex transitive verbs and Object Complements
13(1)
1.6.6 Adverbial Complements
14(1)
1.6.7 Summary: the six sentence patterns
15(2)
1.7 Active sentences and passive sentences
17(1)
1.8 Adjuncts
18(3)
1.8.1 The meanings of Adjuncts
20(1)
1.9 Peripheral constituents in sentence structure
21(1)
1.10 Fragments and non-sentences
22(2)
Exercises for
Chapter 1
24(4)
Chapter 2 Words and word classes
28(50)
2.1 Open and closed word classes
28(1)
2.2 Nouns and determiners
29(7)
2.2.1 Singular nouns and plural nouns
29(1)
2.2.2 Common nouns and proper nouns
30(1)
2.2.3 Countable nouns and uncountable nouns
31(1)
2.2.4 Genitive nouns
32(1)
2.2.5 Dependent genitives and independent genitives
33(1)
2.2.6 Determiners
34(2)
2.3 Pronouns
36(11)
2.3.1 Personal pronouns
37(1)
2.3.2 Possessive pronouns
37(1)
2.3.3 Reflexive pronouns
38(1)
2.3.4 Demonstrative pronouns
39(1)
2.3.5 Quantifying pronouns and numerals
40(3)
2.3.6 Relative pronouns
43(1)
2.3.7 Nominal relative pronouns
44(1)
2.3.8 Interrogative pronouns
45(1)
2.3.9 Pronoun one
45(1)
2.3.10 Pronoun it
46(1)
2.4 Main verbs
47(8)
2.4.1 The five verb forms
48(1)
2.4.2 The base form
48(1)
2.4.3 The -s form
49(1)
2.4.4 The past form
49(1)
2.4.5 The -ed/-en form
50(1)
2.4.6 The -ing form
50(1)
2.4.7 Irregular verbs
51(1)
2.4.8 Regular and irregular variants
52(1)
2.4.9 The verb be
53(1)
2.4.10 Multi-word verbs
54(1)
2.4.11 Light verbs
54(1)
2.5 Auxiliary verbs
55(5)
2.5.1 Modal auxiliary verbs
56(1)
2.5.2 The meanings of modal auxiliaries
57(1)
2.5.3 The passive auxiliary be
58(1)
2.5.4 The progressive auxiliary be
59(1)
2.5.5 The perfective auxiliary have
59(1)
2.5.6 Auxiliary do
59(1)
2.5.7 Semi-auxiliary verbs
60(1)
2.6 Adjectives
60(5)
2.6.1 Gradable adjectives
62(1)
2.6.2 Comparative adjectives and superlative adjectives
62(1)
2.6.3 Participial adjectives
63(1)
2.6.4 Nominal adjectives
64(1)
2.7 Adverbs
65(4)
2.7.1 Circumstantial adverbs
65(2)
2.7.2 Degree adverbs
67(1)
2.7.3 Comparative adverbs and superlative adverbs
68(1)
2.8 Prepositions
69(3)
2.9 Conjunctions
72(1)
Exercises for
Chapter 2
73(5)
Chapter 3 Phrases
78(54)
3.1 What is a phrase?
78(1)
3.2 The basic structure of phrases
79(2)
3.3 Adverb phrases
81(3)
3.3.1 The functions of adverb phrases
83(1)
3.4 Adjective phrases
84(4)
3.4.1 Comparative constructions
86(1)
3.4.2 The functions of adjective phrases
87(1)
3.5 Prepositional phrases
88(3)
3.5.1 The functions of prepositional phrases
90(1)
3.6 Noun phrases
91(21)
3.6.1 Noun phrase Heads
92(1)
3.6.1.1 Identifying the Head
93(4)
3.6.2 Determiners and Determinatives
97(5)
3.6.3 Noun phrase Premodifiers
102(3)
3.6.4 Noun phrase Postmodifiers
105(2)
3.6.4.1 Sequential and embedded Postmodifiers
107(2)
3.6.4.2 Postmodifiers and Complements
109(1)
3.6.5 The functions of noun phrases
110(2)
3.6.6 Apposition
112(1)
3.7 Verb phrases
112(15)
3.7.1 The Operator
114(3)
3.7.2 The ordering of auxiliary verbs
117(2)
3.7.3 Finite verb phrases and non-finite verb phrases
119(1)
3.7.4 Movement
120(1)
3.7.5 Tense
121(1)
3.7.6 Expressing future time
122(1)
3.7.7 Aspect
123(1)
3.7.8 Mood
124(3)
Exercises for
Chapter 3
127(5)
Chapter 4 Clauses and sentences
132(44)
4.1 What is a clause?
132(3)
4.2 Subordination
135(10)
4.2.1 Finite and non-finite subordinate clauses
135(1)
4.2.2 Adjunct clauses
136(1)
4.2.2.1 The meanings of Adjunct clauses
137(1)
4.2.3 Relative clauses
138(2)
4.2.4 Nominal relative clauses
140(1)
4.2.5 T/wf-clauses
141(1)
4.2.6 Comparative clauses
142(1)
4.2.7 The functions of clauses in sentences
143(1)
4.2.8 The functions of clauses in phrases
144(1)
4.3 Coordination
145(7)
4.3.1 Coordination types
147(1)
4.3.2 The meanings of Coordinators
148(1)
4.3.3 Correlative Coordinators
149(2)
4.3.4 Quasi-coordination
151(1)
4.4 Sentence types
152(6)
4.4.1 Declarative sentences
152(1)
4.4.2 Interrogative sentences
153(4)
4.4.3 Imperative sentences
157(1)
4.4.4 Exclamative sentences
157(1)
4.5 Positive sentences and negative sentences
158(3)
4.6 Inverted sentences
161(1)
4.7 Extraposition and postponement
161(4)
4.8 There-sentences
165(1)
4.9 Cleft sentences
166(1)
4.10 Sentence connectors
167(3)
4.10.1 Logical connectors
167(1)
4.10.2 Structural connectors
168(2)
4.11 Referring expressions
170(2)
Exercises for
Chapter 4
172(4)
Chapter 5 Word formation and spelling
176(19)
5.1 The structure of words
176(1)
5.2 Prefixes
176(1)
5.3 Suffixes
177(1)
5.4 Compounding and blending
178(2)
5.5 Acronyms, abbreviations, and clipping
180(2)
5.6 Back formations
182(1)
5.7 Combining forms
182(1)
5.8 Inflections
183(1)
5.9 Adding inflections: general spelling rules
184(2)
5.10 Adding -ly and -ally
186(1)
5.11 Plural nouns
187(1)
5.12 Variants with s or z
188(1)
5.13 British and American spelling variants
189(1)
5.14 Problem spellings
190(3)
Exercises for
Chapter 5
193(2)
Answers to exercises 195(23)
Appendix: English irregular verbs 218(6)
Glossary of terms 224(16)
Further reading 240(2)
Index 242
Gerald Nelson is Professor of English at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
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