Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xiv | |
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xvi | |
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xxiv | |
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Table of statutory materials |
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xxix | |
Cases, law reports and case references: a guide |
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xxxi | |
Introduction |
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1 | (8) |
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The legal system in context |
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2 | (1) |
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The unwritten constitution |
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2 | (4) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (3) |
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9 | (33) |
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10 | (4) |
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14 | (1) |
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The hierarchy of the courts |
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15 | (9) |
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How do judges really decide cases? |
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24 | (3) |
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27 | (3) |
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When should judges make law? |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (1) |
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Disadvantages of case law |
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34 | (3) |
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37 | (2) |
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Summary of Chapter 1: Case law |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (12) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (3) |
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Making an Act of Parliament |
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46 | (5) |
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Reforms to legislative Procedures |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 2: Statute law |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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3 Statutory interpretation |
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54 | (26) |
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55 | (1) |
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How are statutes interpreted? |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (9) |
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Interpreting European legislation |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (8) |
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How do judges really interpret statutes? |
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73 | (3) |
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Reform of statutory interpretation |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 3: Statutory interpretation |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (13) |
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81 | (1) |
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The power to make delegated legislation |
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81 | (2) |
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Why is delegated legislation necessary? |
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83 | (1) |
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Control of delegated legislation |
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83 | (5) |
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Criticism of delegated legislation |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (3) |
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Summary of Chapter 4: Delegated legislation |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (27) |
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94 | (1) |
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The aims of the European Union |
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95 | (2) |
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Modernising the European Union |
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97 | (1) |
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The institutions of the European Union |
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98 | (7) |
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Making European legislation |
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105 | (1) |
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Types of European legislation |
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105 | (7) |
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How does ELI law affect the UK? |
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112 | (4) |
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116 | (2) |
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Summary of Chapter 5: European law |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (5) |
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121 | (1) |
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When can custom be a source of law? |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 6: Custom |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (8) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 7: Equity |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (3) |
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134 | (1) |
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Implementation of treaties |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (21) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (4) |
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Performance of the law reform bodies |
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145 | (5) |
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Problems with law reform agencies |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 9: Law reform |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (3) |
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Part 2 PEOPLE WORKING IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM |
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157 | (31) |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (2) |
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Appointments to the judiciary |
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160 | (6) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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Termination of appointment |
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168 | (2) |
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Independence of the judiciary |
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170 | (1) |
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Criticisms of the judiciary |
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171 | (12) |
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183 | (2) |
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Summary of Chapter 10: The judges |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (51) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (8) |
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197 | (6) |
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203 | (2) |
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Background of barristers and solicitors |
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205 | (7) |
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Performance of the legal professions |
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212 | (2) |
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The future of the professions |
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214 | (11) |
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Fusion of the professions |
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225 | (4) |
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229 | (2) |
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Do we need legal professionals? |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (2) |
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Summary of Chapter 11: The legal professions |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (2) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (39) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (4) |
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Qualifications for jury service |
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247 | (3) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (2) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Strengths of the jury system |
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257 | (3) |
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Criticisms of the jury system |
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260 | (8) |
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268 | (4) |
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272 | (2) |
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Summary of Chapter 12: The jury |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (2) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (20) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (14) |
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294 | (2) |
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Summary of Chapter 13: Magistrates |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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14 Administration of justice |
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298 | (8) |
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The Ministry of Justice and the Home Office |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (2) |
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The Law Officers' Department |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 14: Administration of justice |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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15 Paying for legal services |
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306 | (35) |
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307 | (1) |
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Unmet need for legal services |
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307 | (3) |
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The historical development of legal aid |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (4) |
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Problems with the legal aid system |
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315 | (6) |
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321 | (2) |
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Conditional fee agreements |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (3) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (5) |
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334 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 15: Paying for legal services |
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335 | (1) |
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335 | (2) |
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337 | (4) |
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16 Introduction to human rights |
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341 | (29) |
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342 | (1) |
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The European Convention on Human Rights |
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343 | (1) |
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The scope of the Convention |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (2) |
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The Human Rights Act 1998 |
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346 | (5) |
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Advantages of the Human Rights Act 1998 |
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351 | (2) |
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Disadvantages of the Human Rights Act 1998 |
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353 | (2) |
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A Bill of Rights for the UK? |
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355 | (5) |
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The European Court of Human Rights and the CJEU |
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360 | (1) |
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The European charter of Fundamental Rights |
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360 | (2) |
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362 | (5) |
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367 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 16: Introduction to human rights |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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17 Remedies for infringement of human rights |
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370 | (15) |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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Civil action for negligence |
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371 | (2) |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme |
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375 | (1) |
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The Independent Police Complaints Commission |
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375 | (1) |
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The admissibility of evidence |
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376 | (1) |
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The right to exercise self-defence |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 17: Remedies for infringement of human rights |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (4) |
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Part 4 CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM |
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385 | (50) |
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386 | (1) |
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386 | (4) |
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The response to the miscarriages of justice |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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The organisation of the police |
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390 | (3) |
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393 | (29) |
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422 | (6) |
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428 | (2) |
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Summary of Chapter 18: The police |
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430 | (1) |
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431 | (3) |
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434 | (1) |
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19 The criminal trial process |
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435 | (40) |
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436 | (1) |
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436 | (2) |
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The Crown Prosecution Service |
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438 | (7) |
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445 | (1) |
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Classification of offences |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (2) |
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449 | (1) |
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Plea and trial preparation hearing |
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449 | (1) |
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450 | (1) |
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450 | (2) |
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452 | (3) |
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Models of criminal justice systems |
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455 | (1) |
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456 | (12) |
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468 | (3) |
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Summary of Chapter 19: The criminal trial process |
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471 | (1) |
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472 | (2) |
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474 | (1) |
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475 | (42) |
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The Criminal Justice Act 2003 |
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476 | (1) |
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476 | (4) |
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480 | (7) |
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487 | (22) |
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509 | (1) |
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509 | (2) |
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Summary of Chapter 20: Sentencing |
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511 | (2) |
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513 | (2) |
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515 | (2) |
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517 | (22) |
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518 | (1) |
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519 | (1) |
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Young people and the police |
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519 | (1) |
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520 | (1) |
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520 | (1) |
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521 | (2) |
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523 | (11) |
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534 | (2) |
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Summary of Chapter 21: Young offenders |
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536 | (2) |
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538 | (1) |
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538 | (1) |
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539 | (24) |
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540 | (1) |
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Appeals in criminal law cases |
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540 | (9) |
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Criticism and reform of the appeal system |
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549 | (8) |
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551 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 22: Criminal appeals SS |
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8 | (551) |
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559 | (1) |
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560 | (3) |
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Part 5 CIVIL JUSTICE SYSTEM |
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23 The civil trial process |
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563 | (47) |
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564 | (1) |
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564 | (1) |
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565 | (1) |
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The civil justice system before April 1999 |
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566 | (3) |
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The civil justice system after April 1999 |
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569 | (18) |
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Criticism of the civil justice system |
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587 | (14) |
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601 | (3) |
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604 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 23: The civil trial process |
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605 | (2) |
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607 | (1) |
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608 | (2) |
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610 | (14) |
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611 | (1) |
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611 | (1) |
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612 | (2) |
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614 | (4) |
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618 | (1) |
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Disadvantages of tribunals |
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619 | (1) |
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620 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 24: Tribunals |
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621 | (2) |
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623 | (1) |
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623 | (1) |
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25 Alternative methods of dispute resolution |
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624 | (20) |
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625 | (1) |
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Problems with court hearings |
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626 | (1) |
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Alternative dispute resolution mechanisms |
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627 | (2) |
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629 | (7) |
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636 | (1) |
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637 | (1) |
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638 | (2) |
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640 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 25: Alternative methods of dispute resolution |
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641 | (1) |
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642 | (1) |
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643 | (1) |
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26 Civil appeals and judicial review |
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644 | (17) |
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Appeals in Civil Law Cases |
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645 | (2) |
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647 | (9) |
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656 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 26: Civil appeals and judicial review |
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657 | (1) |
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658 | (1) |
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658 | (3) |
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661 | (11) |
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662 | (1) |
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Austin: the command theory |
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662 | (1) |
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Hart: primary and secondary rules |
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662 | (2) |
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Dworkin: legal principles |
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664 | (1) |
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664 | (1) |
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664 | (4) |
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668 | (1) |
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669 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 27: Law and rules |
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670 | (1) |
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671 | (1) |
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672 | (17) |
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673 | (1) |
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674 | (1) |
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Changes in Law and Morality |
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675 | (1) |
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Differences Between Law and Morality |
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675 | (1) |
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Should Law and Morality be Separate? |
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676 | (9) |
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685 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 28: Law and morals |
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686 | (1) |
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687 | (1) |
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688 | (1) |
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689 | (8) |
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690 | (1) |
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690 | (1) |
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690 | (1) |
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690 | (1) |
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The economic analysis of law |
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691 | (1) |
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Rawls: A Theory of Justice |
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691 | (1) |
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Nozick and the minimal state |
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692 | (1) |
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693 | (1) |
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693 | (1) |
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693 | (2) |
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695 | (1) |
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Summary of Chapter 29: Law and justice |
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695 | (1) |
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696 | (1) |
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Appendix: Answering examination questions |
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697 | (6) |
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697 | (2) |
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699 | (1) |
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700 | (3) |
Glossary |
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703 | (3) |
Select bibliography |
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706 | (17) |
Index |
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723 | |